صحيح البخاري
Sahih Bukhari
كِتَاب تَفْسِيرِ الْقُرْآنِ
The Book of Commentary
بَابُ قَوْلِهِ: {أَيَّامًا مَعْدُودَاتٍ فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ مَرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعَامُ مِسْكِينٍ فَمَنْ تَطَوَّعَ خَيْرًا فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَهُ وَأَنْ تَصُومُوا خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ}:
Chapter. The Statement of Allah:“[Observing Saum (fasts)] for a fixed number of days but if any of you is ill, or on a journey, the same number (should be made up) from other days. And as for those who can fast with difficulty (e.g., an old man, etc.) they have (a choice, either to fast or) to feed a Miskin (poor person) (for every day). But whoever does good of his own accord, it is better for him. And that you fast is better for you, if only you know.”(V.2:184)
Hadith Number: Q4505
وقال عطاء: يفطر من المرض كله كما قال الله تعالى , وقال الحسن، وإبراهيم , في المرضع او الحامل: إذا خافتا على انفسهما او ولدهما تفطران، ثم تقضيان، واما الشيخ الكبير: إذا لم يطق الصيام فقد اطعم انس بعد ما كبر عاما او عامين كل يوم مسكينا خبزا ولحما، وافطر قراءة العامة يطيقونه وهو اكثر.
Ata bin Abi Rabah said that it is permissible not to fast in every illness, as Allah Himself has generally stated. And Imam Hasan Basri and Ibrahim Nakha'i said that if a nursing or pregnant woman fears for her own life or her child's life, then she may break the fast and later make it up, but an old, weak person who cannot fast should give fidya (compensation). When Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) became old, he used to give bread and meat to a poor person every day in Ramadan for one or two years and would not fast. Most people have recited in this verse «يطيقونه» (which is from «اطاق يطيق» ).
تخریج الحدیث:
Hadith Number: 4505
حدثني إسحاق , اخبرنا روح , حدثنا زكرياء بن إسحاق , حدثنا عمرو بن دينار , عن عطاء , سمع ابن عباس يقرا: وعلى الذين يطيقونه فدية طعام مسكين سورة البقرة آية 184 , قال ابن عباس: ليست بمنسوخة هو الشيخ الكبير والمراة الكبيرة لا يستطيعان ان يصوما، فليطعمان مكان كل يوم مسكينا.
Narrated 'Ata: That he heard Ibn `Abbas reciting the Divine Verse:-- "And for those who can fast they had a choice either fast, or feed a poor for every day.." (2.184) Ibn `Abbas said, "This Verse is not abrogated, but it is meant for old men and old women who have no strength to fast, so they should feed one poor person for each day of fasting (instead of fasting).
تخریج الحدیث:
حكم: أحاديث صحيح البخاريّ كلّها صحيحة