صحيح البخاري
Sahih Bukhari
كِتَاب تَفْسِيرِ الْقُرْآنِ
The Book of Commentary
بَابُ: {لَوْلاَ إِذْ سَمِعْتُمُوهُ ظَنَّ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتُ بِأَنْفُسِهِمْ خَيْرًا وَقَالُوا هَذَا إِفْكٌ مُبِينٌ}، {قُلْتُمْ مَا يَكُونُ لَنَا أَنْ نَتَكَلَّمَ بِهَذَا سُبْحَانَكَ هَذَا بُهْتَانٌ عَظِيمٌ}، {لَوْلاَ جَاءُوا عَلَيْهِ بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَاءَ فَإِذْ لَمْ يَأْتُوا بِالشُّهَدَاءِ فَأُولَئِكَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ هُمُ الْكَاذِبُونَ}:
(6) Chapter.“Why then did not the believers, men and women, when you heard it (the slander), think good of their own people and say: ’This (charge) is an obvious lie... (up to)... Then with Allah they are the liars." (V.24:12-13)
Hadith Number: 4750
حدثنا يحيى بن بكير، حدثنا الليث، عن يونس، عن ابن شهاب، قال: اخبرني عروة بن الزبير، وسعيد بن المسيب، وعلقمة بن وقاص، وعبيد الله بن عبد الله بن عتبة بن مسعود، عن حديث عائشة رضي الله عنها زوج النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم حين، قال لها:" اهل الإفك ما قالوا فبراها الله مما قالوا، وكل حدثني طائفة من الحديث وبعض حديثهم يصدق بعضا، وإن كان بعضهم اوعى له من بعض الذي حدثني عروة،عن عائشة رضي الله عنها، ان عائشة رضي الله عنها زوج النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم، قالت: كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم إذا اراد ان يخرج اقرع بين ازواجه، فايتهن خرج سهمها خرج بها رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم معه، قالت عائشة: فاقرع بيننا في غزوة غزاها، فخرج سهمي، فخرجت مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بعدما نزل الحجاب، فانا احمل في هودجي، وانزل فيه، فسرنا حتى إذا فرغ رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم من غزوته تلك، وقفل ودنونا من المدينة قافلين آذن ليلة بالرحيل، فقمت حين آذنوا بالرحيل، فمشيت حتى جاوزت الجيش، فلما قضيت شاني اقبلت إلى رحلي، فإذا عقد لي من جزع ظفار قد انقطع، فالتمست عقدي، وحبسني ابتغاؤه، واقبل الرهط الذين كانوا يرحلون لي، فاحتملوا هودجي، فرحلوه على بعيري الذي كنت ركبت وهم يحسبون اني فيه، وكان النساء إذ ذاك خفافا لم يثقلهن اللحم إنما تاكل العلقة من الطعام، فلم يستنكر القوم خفة الهودج حين رفعوه، وكنت جارية حديثة السن، فبعثوا الجمل وساروا، فوجدت عقدي بعدما استمر الجيش، فجئت منازلهم وليس بها داع، ولا مجيب، فاممت منزلي الذي كنت به، وظننت انهم سيفقدوني، فيرجعون إلي فبينا انا جالسة في منزلي غلبتني عيني، فنمت وكان صفوان بن المعطل السلمي، ثم الذكواني من وراء الجيش، فادلج، فاصبح عند منزلي، فراى سواد إنسان نائم، فاتاني، فعرفني حين رآني وكان يراني قبل الحجاب، فاستيقظت باسترجاعه حين عرفني، فخمرت وجهي بجلبابي، ووالله ما كلمني كلمة، ولا سمعت منه كلمة غير استرجاعه حتى اناخ راحلته، فوطئ على يديها، فركبتها، فانطلق يقود بي الراحلة حتى اتينا الجيش بعدما نزلوا موغرين في نحر الظهيرة، فهلك من هلك، وكان الذي تولى الإفك عبد الله بن ابي ابن سلول، فقدمنا المدينة، فاشتكيت حين قدمت شهرا والناس يفيضون في قول اصحاب الإفك لا اشعر بشيء من ذلك وهو يريبني في وجعي اني لا اعرف من رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم اللطف الذي كنت ارى منه حين اشتكي، إنما يدخل علي رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فيسلم، ثم يقول:" كيف تيكم؟" ثم ينصرف، فذاك الذي يريبني ولا اشعر بالشر حتى خرجت بعدما نقهت، فخرجت معي ام مسطح قبل المناصع وهو متبرزنا، وكنا لا نخرج إلا ليلا إلى ليل، وذلك قبل ان نتخذ الكنف قريبا من بيوتنا، وامرنا امر العرب الاول في التبرز قبل الغائط، فكنا نتاذى بالكنف ان نتخذها عند بيوتنا، فانطلقت انا وام مسطح وهي ابنة ابي رهم بن عبد مناف وامها بنت صخر بن عامر خالة ابي بكر الصديق وابنها مسطح بن اثاثة، فاقبلت انا وام مسطح قبل بيتي، وقد فرغنا من شاننا، فعثرت ام مسطح في مرطها، فقالت: تعس مسطح، فقلت لها: بئس ما قلت اتسبين رجلا شهد بدرا، قالت: اي هنتاه اولم تسمعي ما قال؟ قالت: قلت: وما قال، فاخبرتني بقول اهل الإفك، فازددت مرضا على مرضي، فلما رجعت إلى بيتي ودخل علي رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم تعني سلم، ثم قال:" كيف تيكم؟" فقلت: اتاذن لي ان آتي ابوي؟ قالت: وانا حينئذ اريد ان استيقن الخبر من قبلهما، قالت: فاذن لي رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، فجئت ابوي، فقلت لامي: يا امتاه، ما يتحدث الناس؟ قالت: يا بنية، هوني عليك، فوالله لقلما كانت امراة قط وضيئة عند رجل يحبها ولها ضرائر إلا كثرن عليها، قالت: فقلت سبحان الله، اولقد تحدث الناس بهذا، قالت: فبكيت تلك الليلة حتى اصبحت لا يرقا لي دمع ولا اكتحل بنوم حتى اصبحت ابكي، فدعا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم علي بن ابي طالب، واسامة بن زيد رضي الله عنهما حين استلبث الوحي يستامرهما في فراق اهله، قالت: فاما اسامة بن زيد فاشار على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بالذي يعلم من براءة اهله، وبالذي يعلم لهم في نفسه من الود، فقال: يا رسول الله، اهلك ولا نعلم إلا خيرا، واما علي بن ابي طالب، فقال: يا رسول الله، لم يضيق الله عليك والنساء سواها كثير، وإن تسال الجارية تصدقك، قالت: فدعا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بريرة، فقال:" اي بريرة هل رايت من شيء يريبك؟" قالت بريرة: لا، والذي بعثك بالحق إن رايت عليها امرا اغمصه عليها اكثر من انها جارية حديثة السن تنام عن عجين اهلها، فتاتي الداجن، فتاكله، فقام رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فاستعذر يومئذ من عبد الله بن ابي ابن سلول، قالت: فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وهو على المنبر:" يا معشر المسلمين، من يعذرني من رجل قد بلغني اذاه في اهل بيتي، فوالله ما علمت على اهلي إلا خيرا ولقد ذكروا رجلا ما علمت عليه إلا خيرا، وما كان يدخل على اهلي إلا معي"، فقام سعد بن معاذ الانصاري، فقال: يا رسول الله، انا اعذرك منه إن كان من الاوس ضربت عنقه، وإن كان من إخواننا من الخزرج امرتنا ففعلنا امرك، قالت: فقام سعد بن عبادة وهو سيد الخزرج وكان قبل ذلك رجلا صالحا ولكن احتملته الحمية، فقال لسعد: كذبت لعمر الله لا تقتله ولا تقدر على قتله، فقام اسيد بن حضير وهو ابن عم سعد بن معاذ، فقال لسعد بن عبادة: كذبت لعمر الله لنقتلنه، فإنك منافق تجادل عن المنافقين، فتثاور الحيان الاوس والخزرج حتى هموا ان يقتتلوا ورسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قائم على المنبر، فلم يزل رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يخفضهم حتى سكتوا وسكت، قالت: فبكيت يومي ذلك لا يرقا لي دمع، ولا اكتحل بنوم، قالت: فاصبح ابواي عندي، وقد بكيت ليلتين ويوما لا اكتحل بنوم، ولا يرقا لي دمع يظنان ان البكاء، فالق كبدي، قالت: فبينما هما جالسان عندي وانا ابكي، فاستاذنت علي امراة من الانصار، فاذنت لها، فجلست تبكي معي، قالت: فبينا نحن على ذلك دخل علينا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، فسلم، ثم جلس، قالت: ولم يجلس عندي منذ قيل ما قيل قبلها، وقد لبث شهرا لا يوحى إليه في شاني، قالت: فتشهد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم حين جلس، ثم قال:" اما بعد يا عائشة، فإنه قد بلغني عنك كذا وكذا، فإن كنت بريئة فسيبرئك الله، وإن كنت الممت بذنب فاستغفري الله وتوبي إليه، فإن العبد إذا اعترف بذنبه ثم تاب إلى الله تاب الله عليه"، قالت: فلما قضى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم مقالته قلص دمعي حتى ما احس منه قطرة، فقلت لابي: اجب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فيما، قال: قال: والله ما ادري ما اقول لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم؟ فقلت لامي: اجيبي رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، قالت: ما ادري ما اقول لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم؟ قالت: فقلت: وانا جارية حديثة السن لا اقرا كثيرا من القرآن إني والله لقد علمت، لقد سمعتم هذا الحديث حتى استقر في انفسكم، وصدقتم به، فلئن قلت لكم إني بريئة والله يعلم اني بريئة لا تصدقوني بذلك ولئن اعترفت لكم بامر والله يعلم اني منه بريئة لتصدقني، والله ما اجد لكم مثلا إلا، قول ابي يوسف، قال: فصبر جميل والله المستعان على ما تصفون سورة يوسف آية 18، قالت: ثم تحولت، فاضطجعت على فراشي، قالت: وانا حينئذ اعلم اني بريئة، وان الله مبرئي ببراءتي، ولكن والله ما كنت اظن ان الله منزل في شاني وحيا يتلى ولشاني في نفسي كان احقر من ان يتكلم الله في بامر يتلى، ولكن كنت ارجو ان يرى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في النوم رؤيا يبرئني الله بها، قالت: فوالله ما رام رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ولا خرج احد من اهل البيت حتى انزل عليه، فاخذه ما كان ياخذه من البرحاء حتى إنه ليتحدر منه مثل الجمان من العرق، وهو في يوم شات من ثقل القول الذي ينزل عليه، قالت: فلما سري عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم سري عنه، وهو يضحك، فكانت اول كلمة تكلم بها:" يا عائشة، اما الله عز وجل فقد براك"، فقالت امي: قومي إليه، قالت: فقلت: لا، والله لا اقوم إليه، ولا، احمد إلا الله عز وجل، فانزل الله عز وجل إن الذين جاءوا بالإفك عصبة منكم لا تحسبوه سورة النور آية 11 العشر الآيات كلها، فلما انزل الله هذا في براءتي، قال ابو بكر الصديق رضي الله عنه: وكان ينفق على مسطح بن اثاثة لقرابته منه وفقره، والله لا انفق على مسطح شيئا ابدا بعد الذي، قال لعائشة: ما قال، فانزل الله ولا ياتل اولو الفضل منكم والسعة ان يؤتوا اولي القربى والمساكين والمهاجرين في سبيل الله وليعفوا وليصفحوا الا تحبون ان يغفر الله لكم والله غفور رحيم سورة النور آية 22، قال ابو بكر: بلى، والله إني احب ان يغفر الله لي، فرجع إلى مسطح النفقة التي كان ينفق عليه، وقال: والله لا انزعها منه ابدا، قالت عائشة: وكان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يسال زينب ابنة جحش عن امري؟ فقال:" يا زينب، ماذا علمت او رايت؟" فقالت: يا رسول الله، احمي سمعي، وبصري، ما علمت إلا خيرا، قالت: وهي التي كانت تساميني من ازواج رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، فعصمها الله بالورع، وطفقت اختها حمنة تحارب لها، فهلكت فيمن هلك من اصحاب الإفك".
Narrated Aisha: (The wife of the Prophet) Whenever Allah's Messenger intended to go on a journey, he used to draw lots among his wives and would take with him the one on whom the lot had fallen. Once he drew lots when he wanted to carry out a Ghazwa, and the lot came upon me. So I proceeded with Allah's Apostle after Allah's order of veiling (the women) had been revealed and thus I was carried in my howdah (on a camel) and dismounted while still in it. We carried on our journey, and when Allah's Apostle had finished his Ghazwa and returned and we approached Medina, Allah's Messenger ordered to proceed at night. When the army was ordered to resume the homeward journey, I got up and walked on till I left the army (camp) behind. When I had answered the call of nature, I went towards my howdah, but behold! A necklace of mine made of Jaz Azfar (a kind of black bead) was broken and I looked for it and my search for it detained me. The group of people who used to carry me, came and carried my howdah on to the back of my camel on which I was riding, considering that I was therein. At that time women were light in weight and were not fleshy for they used to eat little (food), so those people did not feel the lightness of the howdah while raising it up, and I was still a young lady. They drove away the camel and proceeded. Then I found my necklace after the army had gone. I came to their camp but found nobody therein so I went to the place where I used to stay, thinking that they would miss me and come back in my search. While I was sitting at my place, I felt sleepy and slept. Safwan bin Al-Mu'attil As-Sulami Adh- Dhakw-ani was behind the army. He had started in the last part of the night and reached my stationing place in the morning and saw the figure of a sleeping person. He came to me and recognized me on seeing me for he used to see me before veiling. I got up because of his saying: "Inna Li l-lahi wa inna ilaihi rajiun," which he uttered on recognizing me. I covered my face with my garment, and by Allah, he did not say to me a single word except, "Inna Li l-lahi wa inna ilaihi rajiun," till he made his shecamel kneel down whereupon he trod on its forelegs and I mounted it. Then Safwan set out, leading the she-camel that was carrying me, till we met the army while they were resting during the hot midday. Then whoever was meant for destruction, fell in destruction, and the leader of the Ifk (forged statement) was `Abdullah bin Ubai bin Salul. After this we arrived at Medina and I became ill for one month while the people were spreading the forged statements of the people of the Ifk, and I was not aware of anything thereof. But what aroused my doubt while I was sick, was that I was no longer receiving from Allah's Messenger the same kindness as I used to receive when I fell sick. Allah's Messenger would enter upon me, say a greeting and add, "How is that (lady)?" and then depart. That aroused my suspicion but I was not aware of the propagated evil till I recovered from my ailment. I went out with Um Mistah to answer the call of nature towards Al-Manasi, the place where we used to relieve ourselves, and used not to go out for this purpose except from night to night, and that was before we had lavatories close to our houses. And this habit of ours was similar to the habit of the old 'Arabs (in the deserts or in the tents) concerning the evacuation of the bowels, for we considered it troublesome and harmful to take lavatories in the houses. So I went out with Um Mistah who was the daughter of Abi Ruhm bin `Abd Manaf, and her mother was daughter of Sakhr bin Amir who was the aunt of Abi Bakr As-Siddiq, and her son was Mistah bin Uthatha. When we had finished our affair, Um Mistah and I came back towards my house. Um Mistah stumbled over her robe whereupon she said, "Let Mistah be ruined! " I said to her, "What a bad word you have said! Do you abuse a man who has taken part in the Battle of Badr?' She said, "O you there! Didn't you hear what he has said?" I said, "And what did he say?" She then told me the statement of the people of the Ifk (forged statement) which added to my ailment. When I returned home, Allah's Messenger came to me, and after greeting, he said, "How is that (lady)?" I said, "Will you allow me to go to my parents?" At that time I intended to be sure of the news through them. Allah's Messenger allowed me and I went to my parents and asked my mother, "O my mother! What are the people talking about?" My mother said, "O my daughter! Take it easy, for by Allah, there is no charming lady who is loved by her husband who has other wives as well, but that those wives would find fault with her." I said, "Subhan Allah! Did the people really talk about that?" That night I kept on weeping the whole night till the morning. My tears never stopped, nor did I sleep, and morning broke while I was still weeping, Allah's Messenger called `Ali bin Abi Talib and Usama bin Zaid when the Divine Inspiration delayed, in order to consult them as to the idea of divorcing his wife. Usama bin Zaid told Allah's Messenger of what he knew about the innocence of his wife and of his affection he kept for her. He said, "O Allah's Messenger! She is your wife, and we do not know anything about her except good." But `Ali bin Abi Talib said, "O Allah's Messenger! Allah does not impose restrictions on you; and there are plenty of women other than her. If you however, ask (her) slave girl, she will tell you the truth." `Aisha added: So Allah's Messenger called for Barira and said, "O Barira! Did you ever see anything which might have aroused your suspicion? (as regards Aisha). Barira said, "By Allah Who has sent you with the truth, I have never seen anything regarding Aisha which I would blame her for except that she is a girl of immature age who sometimes sleeps and leaves the dough of her family unprotected so that the domestic goats come and eat it." So Allah's Messenger got up (and addressed) the people an asked for somebody who would take revenge on `Abdullah bin Ubai bin Salul then. Allah's Messenger , while on the pulpit, said, "O Muslims! Who will help me against a man who has hurt me by slandering my family? By Allah, I know nothing except good about my family, and people have blamed a man of whom I know nothing except good, and he never used to visit my family except with me," Sa`d bin Mu`adh Al-Ansari got up and said, "O Allah's Messenger! By Allah, I will relieve you from him. If he be from the tribe of (Bani) Al-Aus, then I will chop his head off; and if he be from our brethren, the Khazraj, then you give us your order and we will obey it." On that, Sa`d bin 'Ubada got up, and he was the chief of the Khazraj, and before this incident he had been a pious man but he was incited by his zeal for his tribe. He said to Sa`d (bin Mu`adh), "By Allah the Eternal, you have told a lie! You shall not kill him and you will never be able to kill him!" On that, Usaid bin Hudair, the cousin of Sa`d (bin Mu`adh) got up and said to Sa`d bin 'Ubada, "You are a liar! By Allah the Eternal, we will surely kill him; and you are a hypocrite defending the hypocrites!" So the two tribes of Al-Aus and Al-Khazraj got excited till they were on the point of fighting with each other while Allah's Messenger was standing on the pulpit. Allah's Messenger continued quietening them till they became silent whereupon he became silent too. On that day I kept on weeping so much that neither did my tears stop, nor could I sleep. In the morning my parents were with me, and I had wept for two nights and a day without sleeping and with incessant tears till they thought that my liver would burst with weeping. While they were with me and I was weeping, an Ansari woman asked permission to see me. I admitted her and she sat and started weeping with me. While I was in that state, Allah's Apostle came to us, greeted, and sat down,. He had never sat with me since the day what was said, was said. He had stayed a month without receiving any Divine Inspiration concerning my case. Allah's Messenger recited the Tashahhud after he had sat down, and then said, "Thereafter, O `Aisha! I have been informed such and-such a thing about you; and if you are innocent, Allah will reveal your innocence, and if you have committed a sin, then ask for Allah's forgiveness and repent to Him, for when a slave confesses his sin and then repents to Allah, Allah accepts his repentance." When Allah's Apostle had finished his speech, my tears ceased completely so that I no longer felt even a drop thereof. Then I said to my father, "Reply to Allah's Messenger on my behalf as to what he said." He said, "By Allah, I do not know what to say to Allah's Messenger ." Then I said to my mother, "Reply to Allah's Apostle." She said, "I do not know what to say to Allah's Messenger ." Still a young girl as I was and though I had little knowledge of Qur'an, I said, "By Allah, I know that you heard this story (of the Ifk) so much so that it has been planted in your minds and you have believed it. So now, if I tell you that I am innocent, and Allah knows that I am innocent, you will not believe me; and if I confess something, and Allah knows that I am innocent of it, you will believe me. By Allah, I cannot find of you an example except that of Joseph's father: "So (for me) patience is most fitting against that which you assert and it is Allah (Alone) Whose help can be sought. Then I turned away and lay on my bed, and at that time I knew that I was innocent and that Allah would reveal my innocence. But by Allah, I never thought that Allah would sent down about my affair, Divine Inspiration that would be recited (forever), as I considered myself too unworthy to be talked of by Allah with something that was to be recited: but I hoped that Allah's Messenger might have a vision in which Allah would prove my innocence. By Allah, Allah's Messenger had not left his seat and nobody had left the house when the Divine Inspiration came to Allah's Messenger . So there overtook him the same hard condition which used to overtake him (when he was Divinely Inspired) so that the drops of his sweat were running down, like pearls, though it was a (cold) winter day, and that was because of the heaviness of the Statement which was revealed to him. When that state of Allah's Messenger was over, and he was smiling when he was relieved, the first word he said was, "Aisha, Allah has declared your innocence." My mother said to me, "Get up and go to him." I said, "By Allah, I will not go to him and I will not thank anybody but Allah." So Allah revealed: "Verily! They who spread the Slander are a gang among you. Think it not...." (24.11-20). When Allah revealed this to confirm my innocence, Abu Bakr As-Siddiq who used to provide for Mistah bin Uthatha because of the latter's kinship to him and his poverty, said, "By Allah, I will never provide for Mistah anything after what he has said about Aisha". So Allah revealed: (continued...) (continuing... 1): -6.274:... ... "Let not those among you who are good and are wealthy swear not to give (help) to their kinsmen, those in need, and those who have left their homes for Allah's Cause. Let them Pardon and forgive (i.e. do not punish them). Do you not love that should forgive you? Verily Allah is Oft-forgiving. Most Merciful." (24.22) Abu Bakr said, "Yes, by Allah, I wish that Allah should forgive me." So he resumed giving Mistah the aid he used to give him before and said, "By Allah, I will never withold it from him at all." Aisha further said: Allah's Messenger also asked Zainab bint Jahsh about my case. He said, "O Zainab! What have you seen?" She replied, "O Allah's Messenger! I protect my hearing and my sight (by refraining from telling lies). I know nothing but good (about Aisha)." Of all the wives of Allah's Messenger , it was Zainab who aspired to receive from him the same favor as I used to receive, yet, Allah saved her (from telling lies) because of her piety. But her sister, Hamna, kept on fighting on her behalf so she was destroyed as were those who invented and spread the slander.
حكم: أحاديث صحيح البخاريّ كلّها صحيحة
