مشكوة المصابيح
Mishkat al-Masabih
كتاب المناسك
The Book of Pilgrimage Rites
(وَاقِعَةُ حَجَّةِ الوَدَاعِ)
(The event of the Farewell Hajj)
Hadith Number: 2555
[ ص: 1764 ] (باب قصة حجة الوداع) (الفصل الاول) 2555 - عن جابر بن عبد الله ان رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - مكث بالمدينة تسع سنين لم يحج، ثم اذن في الناس في العاشرة ان رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - حاج، فقدم المدينة بشر كثير فخرجنا معه حتى إذا اتينا ذا الحليفة، فولدت اسماء بنت عميس محمد بن ابي بكر، فارسلت إلى رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - كيف اصنع قال: اغتسلي واستثفري بثوب واحرمي، فصلى رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - في المسجد، ثم ركب القصواء حتى إذا استوت به ناقته على البيداء اهل بالتوحيد لبيك اللهم لبيك، لبيك لا شريك لك لبيك، إن الحمد والنعمة لك والملك، لا شريك لك. قال جابر: لسنا ننوي إلا الحج، لسنا نعرف العمرة، حتى إذا اتينا البيت معه استلم الركن فطاف سبعا، فرمل ثلاثا ومشى اربعا، ثم تقدم إلى مقام إبراهيم فقرا: واتخذوا من مقام إبراهيم مصلى فصلى ركعتين، فجعل المقام بينه وبين البيت. وفي رواية انه قرا في الركعتين: قل هو الله احد و قل يا ايها الكافرون ثم رجع إلى الركن فاستلمه، ثم خرج من الباب إلى الصفا، فلما دنا من الصفا قرا: إن الصفا والمروة من شعائر الله ابدا بما بدا الله به، فبدا بالصفا فرقي عليه حتى راى البيت، فاستقبل القبلة، فوحد الله وكبره وقال: لا إله إلا الله وحده لا شريك له، له الملك وله الحمد، وهو على كل شيء قدير، لا إله إلا الله وحده، انجز وعده ونصر عبده وهزم الاحزاب وحده، ثم دعا بين ذلك قال مثل هذا ثلاث مرات، ثم نزل ومشى إلى المروة حتى انصبت قدماه في بطن الوادي ثم سعى حتى إذا صعدنا مشى حتى اتى المروة، ففعل على المروة كما فعل على الصفا، حتى إذا كان آخر طواف على المروة نادى وهو على المروة والناس تحته فقال: لو اني استقبلت من امري ما استدبرت لم اسق الهدي وجعلتها عمرة، فمن كان ليس معه هدي فليحل وليجعلها عمرة، فقام سراقة بن مالك بن جعشم فقال: يا رسول الله العامنا هذا ام لابد؟ فشبك رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - اصابعه واحدة في الاخرى وقال: دخلت العمرة في الحج مرتين لا بل لابد ابد، وقدم علي من اليمن ببدن النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - فقال: ماذا قلت حين فرضت الحج قال: قلت اللهم إنى اهل بما اهل به رسولك قال: فإن معي الهدي فلا تحل قال: فكان جماعة الهدي الذي قدم به علي من اليمن والذي اتى به النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - مائة قال: فحل الناس كلهم وقصروا إلا النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - ومن كان معه هدي، فلما كان يوم التروية توجهوا إلى منى فاهلوا بالحج، وركب النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - فصلى بها الظهر والعصر والمغرب والعشاء والفجر، ثم مكث قليلا حتى طلعت الشمس، وامر بقبة من شعر تضرب له بنمرة، فسار رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - ولا تشك قريش إلا انه واقف عند المشعر الحرام كما كانت قريش تصنع في الجاهلية، فاجاز رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - حتى اتى عرفة فوجد القبة قد ضربت له بنمرة فنزل بها، حتى إذا زاغت الشمس امر بالقصواء، فرحلت له فاتى بطن الوادي فخطب الناس وقال: إن دماءكم واموالكم حرام عليكم كحرمة يومكم هذا في شهركم هذا في بلدكم هذا، الا كل شيء من امر الجاهلية تحت قدمي موضوع، ودماء الجاهلية موضوعة، وإن اول دم اضع من دمائنا دم ابن ربيعة بن الحارث، وكان مسترضعا في بني سعد فقتله هذيل، وربا الجاهلية موضوع، واول ربا اضع من ربانا ربا عباس بن عبد المطلب فإنه موضوع كله، فاتقوا الله في النساء فإنكم اخذتموهن بامان الله، واستحللتم فروجهن بكلمة الله، ولكم عليهن ان لا يوطئن فرشكم احدا تكرهونه، فإن فعلن ذلك فاضربوهن ضربا غير مبرح، ولهن عليكم رزقهن وكسوتهن بالمعروف، وقد تركت فيكم ما لن تضلوا بعده إن اعتصمتم به. كتاب الله، وانتم تسالون عني فما انتم قائلون، قالوا: نشهد انك قد بلغت واديت ونصحت، فقال بإصبعه السبابة يرفعها إلى السماء وينكتها إلى الناس: اللهم اشهد، اللهم اشهد ثلاث مرات، ثم اذن بلال، ثم اقام فصلى الظهر، ثم اقام فصلى العصر، ولم يصل بينهما شيئا، ثم ركب حتى اتى الموقف فجعل بطن ناقته القصواء إلى الصخرات، وجعل حبل المشاة بين يديه، واستقبل القبلة فلم يزل واقفا حتى غربت الشمس وذهبت الصفرة قليلا حتى غاب القرص. واردف اسامة ودفع حتى اتى المزدلفة، فصلى بها المغرب والعشاء باذان واحد وإقامتين ولم يسبح بينهما شيئا، ثم اضطجع حتى طلع الفجر فصلى الفجر حين تبين له الصبح باذان وإقامة، ثم ركب القصواء حتى اتى المشعر الحرام، فاستقبل القبلة فدعاه وكبره وهلله ووحده، فلم يزل واقفا حتى اسفر جدا فدفع قبل ان تطلع الشمس، واردف الفضل ابن عباس حتى اتى بطن محسر. فحرك قليلا، ثم سلك الطريق الوسطى التي تخرج على الجمرة الكبرى حتى اتى الجمرة التي عند الشجرة فرماها بسبع حصيات، يكبر مع كل حصاة منها مثل حصى الخذف رمى من بطن الوادي، ثم انصرف إلى المنحر فنحر ثلاثا وستين بدنة بيده، ثم اعطى عليا فنحر ما غبر واشركه في هديه، ثم امر من كل بدنة ببضعة فجعلت في قدر فطبخت، فاكلا من لحمها وشربا من مرقها، ثم ركب رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - فافاض إلى البيت فصلى بمكة الظهر، فاتى على بني عبد المطلب يسقون على زمزم فقال: انزعوا بني عبد المطلب، فلولا ان يغلبكم الناس على سقايتكم لنزعت معكم، فناولوه دلوا فشرب منه (رواه مسلم).
Jabir b. ‘Abdallah said:God’s messenger remained in Medina nine years, during which he had not performed the hajj, then made a public announcement in the tenth year to the effect that God’s messenger was about to perform the hajj. Large numbers came to Medina, and we went out with him. When we reached Dhul Hulaifa, Asma’ daughter of ‘Umais, gave birth to Muhammad b. Abu Bakr and sent to God’s messenger asking what she was to do. He replied,“Bathe, bandage your private parts with a cloth, and put on the ihram.”God’s messenger then prayed in the mosque, and after he had mounted al-Qaswa' and his she-camel stood erect with him on its back at al-Baida’, he raised his voice declaring God’s unity and saying,“Labbaik, O God, labbaik labbaik; Thou hast no partner; labbaik; praise and grace are Thine and the dominion; Thou hast no partner.”Jabir said: We did not express our intention of performing anything but the hajj, being unaware of the ‘umra [at that season] , but when we came with him to the House he touched the corner and made seven circuits, running three of them and walking four. Then going forward to the station of Abraham, he recited,“And take the station of Abraham as a place of prayer.”(Qur’an 2:125)He then prayed two 'rak'as, having the station between him and the House. A version says that he recited in the two rak'as,.“Say, He is God, One,”and,“Say, O infidels.”(Qur’an 112, and 109) He then returned to the corner and touched it, after which he went out by the gate to as-Safa, on coming near to which he recited.“As-Safa and al-Marwa are among the signs appointed by God,”(Qur’an 2:158) adding,“I begin with what God began with.”So he went first to as-Safa, and mounting it till he could see the House, he faced the qibla, declared God's unity, proclaimed His greatness, and said,“There is no god but God alone who has no partner; to Him belongs the dominion, to Him praise is due, and He is omnipotent; there is no god but God alone who alone has fulfilled His promise, helped His servant and routed the confederates." He then made supplication in the course of that, saying such words three times. He next descended and walked towards al-Marwa, and when his feet came down into the bottom of the valley he ran, and when he began to ascend he walked till he reached al-Marwa. There he did as he had done at as-Safa, and when he came to al-Marwa for the last time, he called out, he being on al-Marwa and the people below him, saying,“If I had known before what I have come to know afterwards regarding my religion, I would not have brought sacrificial animals but made it an 'umra ; so if any of you has no sacrificial animals he,may take off the ihram and treat it as an ‘umra. Suraqa b. Malik b.Jush'um then got up and asked,“Messenger of God, does this apply to the present year, or does it apply for ever?" God’s messenger intertwined his fingers and said twice,“The ‘umra has become incorporated in the hajj," adding“No, but for ever and ever." ‘Ali came from the Yemen with the Prophet’s sacrificial animals and he asked him what he had said when he undertook the duty of performing the hajj. He replied that he had said,“0 God, I am putting on the ihram for the same purpose as Thy messenger has put it on." He said,“I have with me the sacrificial animals, so do not put off the ihram.” [Jabir] said: The total of those sacrificial animals brought by ‘Ali from the Yemen and of those brought by the Prophet was a hundred. Then all the people, except the Prophet and those who had with them sacrificial animals, removed the ihram and clipped their hair. When yaum at-tarwiya (The 8th of Dhul Hijja, the day when pilgrims leave Mecca and go to Mina. The name is commonly explained as meaning that this was the day when the pilgrims provided themselves with a supply of water for the arid journey before them) came they went towards Mina having put on the ihram for the hajj, and the Prophet rode and prayed there the noon, afternoon, sunset, evening and dawn prayers. After that he waited a little till the sun rose, and gave orders for a tent of hair to be set up for him at Namira (A place or a hill near ‘Arafa). God’s messenger then set out, and Quraish did not doubt that he would observe a halt at the sacred site (At al-Muzdalifa, al-Mash'ar al-haram, a hill sacred to the god Ouzah in pre-lslamic times), as Quraish used to do in the pre-Islamic period ; but he passed on till he came to ‘Arafa and found that the tent had been set up for him at Namira. There he dismounted, and when the sun had passed the meridian he ordered al- Qaswa’ to be brought, and when it was saddled for him he went down into the valley and addressed the people, saying,“Your lives and your property must be respected by one another like the sacredness of this day of yours in this month of yours in this town of yours. Everything pertaining to the pre-Islamic period has been put under my feet, and claims for blood-vengeance belonging to the pre-lslamic period have been abolished. The first of those murdered among us whose blood-vengeance I remit is the son of Rabi'a b. al-Harith (Rabi’a was a grandson of 'Abd al-Muttalib. The name of the child who had been killed is variously given as Adam, Tammam and Iyas. Ibn ‘Abd al-Barr says Adam is a mistake, but does not commit himself to either of the other two names) who was suckled among the B. Sa'd and killed by Hudhail. The usury of the pre-Islamic period is abolished, and the first of our usury I abolish is that of ‘Abbas b. ‘Abd al-Muttalib, for it is all abolished. Show fear towards God regarding women, for you have got them under God’s security, and have the right to intercourse with them by God's word. They must not bring into your houses anyone whom you dislike, but if they do that beat them, though not severely. You are responsible for providing them with their food and clothing in a fitting manner. I have left among you something, i.e. God’s Book, by which, if you hold to it, you will never again go astray. You will be asked about me, so what will you say?" They replied,“We testify that you have conveyed and fulfilled the message and given counsel. ”Then raising his forefinger towards the sky and pointing it at the people, he said,“O God, be witness ; O God, be witness,”saying it three times. Bilal then uttered the call to prayer, and the iqama, and he prayed the noon prayer; he then uttered the iqama and he prayed the afternoon prayer, engaging in no prayer between the two. He then mounted his camel and came to the place of standing, making his she-camel al-Qaswa’ turn its back to the rocks and having the path taken by those who went on foot (The Arabic is Habl al-mushat, which is variously explained as above, or as ‘the concourse of horse on foot', or as the name of a place.) in front of him. He faced the qibla and remained standing till sunset when the yellow light had somewhat gone and the disc of the sun had disappeared. He took Usama up behind him and went quickly till he came to al-Muzdalifa, where he prayed the sunset and the evening prayer with one adhan and two iqamas without saying ‘Glory be to God' between them. He then lay down till dawn and prayed the dawn prayer with an adhan and an iqama when the morning light was clear. He then mounted al-Qaswa’ and when he came to the sacred site he faced the qibla, supplicated God, declared His greatness, His uniqueness and His unity, and kept standing till the daylight was very clear. He then went quickly before the sun rose, taking al-Fadl b. ‘Abbas behind him, and came to the valley of Muhassir (Between al-Muzdalifa and Mini). He urged the camel a little and following the middle road which comes out at the greatest jamra (Jamra, originally a pebble, is applied to a heap of stones, of which there are three in the valley of Mina. One of the rites of the hajj is to throw small stones at them), he came to the jamra which is beside the tree. At this he threw seven small pebbles (Literally, 'pebbles that are thrown’: used to indicate small pebbles about the size of a date-stone), saying“God is most great”each time he threw a pebble. He threw them from the bottom of the valley, then went to the place of sacrifice and sacrificed sixty-three victims with his own hand. Then he gave some to ‘Ali who sacrificed the remainder, and he shared with him in his sacrificial animals. After that he ordered that a piece of flesh from each victim should be put in a pot, and when it was cooked the two of them ate some of it and drank some of its broth. Then God’s messenger mounted, and going quickly to the House, prayed the noon prayer in Mecca. He came to the B. ‘Abd al-Muttalib who were supplying water at Zamzam and said,“Draw water, B. ‘Abd al-Muttalib. Were it not that people would take from you the right to draw water, I would draw it along with you.”So they handed him a bucket and he drank from it.
Muslim transmitted it.
Muslim transmitted it.
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