موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik Riwayat Yahya
كِتَابُ الْمُكَاتَبِ
Book: On the Explanation of Mukatib (Contracted Slave)
بَابُ الْقَضَاءِ فِي الْمُكَاتَبِ
Chapter on legal rulings regarding the mukatab (contracted slave)
Hadith Number: 1295B7
قال يحيى: سمعت مالكا، يقول في المكاتب يكاتبه سيده وله جارية بها حبل منه، لم يعلم به هو ولا سيده يوم كتابته: فإنه لا يتبعه ذلك الولد، لانه لم يكن دخل في كتابته وهو لسيده، فاما الجارية فإنها للمكاتب لانها من ماله.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person makes his slave a mukatab (one who has a contract of manumission) and that slave has a slave-girl who is pregnant from him, but neither the slave nor the master knows about the pregnancy, then when the child is born, it will not belong to the mukatab, rather it will belong to the master. However, the slave-girl will remain with the mukatab because she is his property.
تخریج الحدیث:
Hadith Number: 1295B8
قال مالك، في رجل ورث مكاتبا من امراته هو وابنها: إن المكاتب إن مات قبل ان يقضي كتابته اقتسما ميراثه على كتاب الله، وإن ادى كتابته ثم مات فميراثه لابن المراة وليس للزوج من ميراثه شيء.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a woman dies leaving behind her mukatab (a slave contracted to buy his freedom), and she has two heirs—one is her husband and the other is her son—then if the mukatab dies before paying the price of his contract, the husband and the son will divide his inheritance according to the Book of Allah (one quarter will be for the husband and the rest for the son). And if he dies after paying the price of his contract, then all his inheritance will go to the son, and the husband will get nothing.
تخریج الحدیث:
Hadith Number: 1295B9
قال مالك، في المكاتب يكاتب عبده، قال: ينظر في ذلك، فإن كان إنما اراد المحاباة لعبده وعرف ذلك منه بالتخفيف عنه، فلا يجوز ذلك، وإن كان إنما كاتبه على وجه الرغبة وطلب المال، وابتغاء الفضل والعون على كتابته، فذلك جائز له.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a mukatab makes his slave a mukatab, then it will be seen: if he has set the price of the contract of manumission lower as a concession, then this contract will not be valid; and if he has set the price of the contract of manumission considering his own benefit, then it will be valid.
تخریج الحدیث:
Hadith Number: 1295B10
قال مالك، في رجل وطئ مكاتبة له: إنها إن حملت فهي بالخيار إن شاءت كانت ام ولد وإن شاءت قرت على كتابتها، فإن لم تحمل فهي على كتابتها.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person has intercourse with his mukatabah slave woman and she becomes pregnant, then the slave woman has the choice whether she remains as an umm walad or maintains her contract of manumission. If she does not become pregnant, then she will remain a mukatabah.
تخریج الحدیث:
Hadith Number: 1295B11
قال مالك: الامر المجتمع عليه عندنا في العبد يكون بين الرجلين: إن احدهما لا يكاتب نصيبه منه اذن له بذلك صاحبه او لم ياذن، إلا ان يكاتباه جميعا، لان ذلك يعقد له عتقا ويصير إذا ادى العبد ما كوتب عليه إلى ان يعتق نصفه، ولا يكون على الذي كاتب بعضه ان يستتم عتقه، فذلك خلاف ما قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم:" من اعتق شركا له في عبد قوم عليه قيمة العدل".
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our view, it is unanimously agreed that a slave who is jointly owned by two people cannot be made a mukatab (contracted for manumission) by only one of them, even if the other partner gives permission. Rather, both partners together can make him a mukatab, because if one partner makes his share a mukatab and the mukatab pays the amount for the contract, then that portion would have to be set free. Now, the partner who has set free a portion is not obliged to guarantee the freedom of the remaining portion to the other partner, because the ruling of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, regarding paying the price of the other partner’s share applies to emancipation (it‘aq), not to mukatabah (contract of manumission).
تخریج الحدیث:
Hadith Number: 1295B12
قال مالك: فإن جهل ذلك حتى يؤدي المكاتب، او قبل ان يؤدي رد إليه الذي كاتبه ما قبض من المكاتب، فاقتسمه هو وشريكه على قدر حصصهما، وبطلت كتابته وكان عبدا لهما على حاله الاولى.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If this partner does not know this issue, and he makes his share a mukatab and receives all or part of the price of the contract of manumission, then whatever has been received should be divided between him and his partner according to their respective shares. The contract of manumission will be invalid, and the mukatab will remain a slave as before.
تخریج الحدیث:
Hadith Number: 1295B13
قال مالك، في مكاتب بين رجلين، فانظره احدهما بحقه الذي عليه، وابى الآخر ان ينظره، فاقتضى الذي ابى ان ينظره بعض حقه، ثم مات المكاتب وترك مالا ليس فيه وفاء من كتابته.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a mukatab (a slave with a contract for freedom) is jointly owned by two men, and then one of them grants him respite while the other does not, and the one who did not grant respite collects some of his due, and after that the mukatab dies and does not leave enough wealth to cover the amount of the contract, then whatever wealth he leaves, both partners will first collect their respective outstanding shares, and whatever remains will be divided equally between them. If the mukatab becomes incapable (of fulfilling the contract), and the one who did not grant respite has collected more than the other partner, then the slave will remain jointly owned, half and half, between the two.
تخریج الحدیث:
Hadith Number: 1295B14
قال مالك: يتحاصان ما ترك بقدر ما بقي لهما عليه، ياخذ كل واحد منهما بقدر حصته، فإن ترك المكاتب فضلا عن كتابته، اخذ كل واحد منهما ما بقي من الكتابة، وكان ما بقي بينهما بالسواء، فإن عجز المكاتب وقد اقتضى الذي لم ينظره اكثر مما اقتضى صاحبه، كان العبد بينهما نصفين ولا يرد على صاحبه فضل ما اقتضى، لانه إنما اقتضى الذي له بإذن صاحبه، وإن وضع عنه احدهما الذي له ثم اقتضى صاحبه بعض الذي له عليه ثم عجز، فهو بينهما ولا يرد الذي اقتضى على صاحبه شيئا، لانه إنما اقتضى الذي له عليه، وذلك بمنزلة الدين للرجلين بكتاب واحد على رجل واحد، فينظره احدهما ويشح الآخر، فيقتضي بعض حقه ثم يفلس الغريم، فليس على الذي اقتضى ان يرد شيئا مما اخذ.
And whoever has taken more will not return anything to his partner, because he took it with his partner’s permission. If one of them had forgiven his share and the other had received something, then if the slave becomes incapable, the slave will remain shared between both, and the one who received something will not give anything to the other partner, because he has received his right. Its example is that two men have a debt upon one man by the same document, then one of them grants him respite and the other, out of eagerness, collects something, and afterwards the debtor becomes insolvent. Then the one who collected will not give anything from it to the other partner.
تخریج الحدیث: