موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik Riwayat Yahya
كِتَابُ الْبُيُوعِ
Book: On the Rulings of Buying and Selling
بَابُ الْعَيْبِ فِي الرَّقِيقِ
Defects in slaves
Hadith Number: 1306
حدثني حدثني يحيى، عن مالك، عن يحيى بن سعيد ، عن سالم بن عبد الله ، ان عبد الله بن عمر باع غلاما له بثمان مائة درهم، وباعه بالبراءة، فقال الذي ابتاعه لعبد الله بن عمر: بالغلام داء لم تسمه لي، فاختصما إلى عثمان بن عفان، فقال الرجل: باعني عبدا وبه داء لم يسمه، وقال عبد الله: بعته بالبراءة، " فقضى عثمان بن عفان على عبد الله بن عمر، ان يحلف له لقد باعه العبد، وما به داء يعلمه"، فابى عبد الله ان يحلف، وارتجع العبد، فصح عنده، فباعه عبد الله بعد ذلك بالف وخمس مائة درهم .
It is narrated from Hazrat Salim bin Abdullah that Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) sold a slave for eight hundred dirhams, and made a condition with the buyer that he would not be responsible for any defect. After that, the buyer said: The slave has an illness, which you did not inform me about. Then there was a dispute between them and they went to Sayyiduna Uthman bin Affan (may Allah be pleased with him). The buyer said that he had bought a slave from him and the slave had an illness which he did not mention. Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) said that he had made a condition that he would not be responsible for any defect. Sayyiduna Uthman bin Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) ordered that Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) should swear an oath: "I sold this slave and to my knowledge he had no illness." Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) refused to take the oath, so the slave returned to Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) and recovered from the illness. Then Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) sold him for one thousand five hundred dirhams.
تخریج الحدیث:
Hadith Number: 1306B1
قال مالك: الامر المجتمع عليه عندنا: ان كل من ابتاع وليدة فحملت، او عبدا فاعتقه، وكل امر دخله الفوت حتى لا يستطاع رده، فقامت البينة إنه قد كان به عيب عند الذي باعه، او علم ذلك باعتراف من البائع او غيره، فإن العبد او الوليدة يقوم وبه العيب الذي كان به يوم اشتراه، فيرد من الثمن قدر ما بين قيمته صحيحا، وقيمته وبه ذلك العيب.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our view, this issue is agreed upon that if a person buys a slave-girl, then she becomes pregnant by the buyer, or buys a slave and then sets him free, or does any other act due to which the slave or slave-girl cannot be returned, and after that witnesses testify that there was a defect in this slave or slave-girl while with the seller, or the seller himself admits that this defect was present with me, or it becomes known by any other means that the defect was indeed with the seller, then the price should be set for the slave or slave-girl including the defect as on the day of purchase, and also the price of a sound (defect-free) one should be set; the difference between the two prices, that much the buyer should recover from the seller.
تخریج الحدیث:
Hadith Number: 1306B2
. قال مالك: الامر المجتمع عليه عندنا في الرجل يشتري العبد، ثم يظهر منه على عيب يرده منه، وقد حدث به عند المشتري عيب آخر، إنه إذا كان العيب الذي حدث به مفسدا، مثل القطع، او العور، او ما اشبه ذلك من العيوب المفسدة، فإن الذي اشترى العبد بخير النظرين، إن احب ان يوضع عنه من ثمن العبد، بقدر العيب الذي كان بالعبد يوم اشتراه، وضع عنه، وإن احب ان يغرم قدر ما اصاب العبد من العيب عنده، ثم يرد العبد، فذلك له، وإن مات العبد عند الذي اشتراه، اقيم العبد وبه العيب الذي كان به يوم اشتراه، فينظر كم ثمنه؟ فإن كانت قيمة العبد يوم اشتراه بغير عيب مائة دينار، وقيمته يوم اشتراه وبه العيب ثمانون دينارا، وضع عن المشتري ما بين القيمتين، وإنما تكون القيمة يوم اشتري العبد.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person buys a slave and then finds a defect in him because of which he can return the slave to the seller, but when the slave comes to the buyer, another defect occurs in him, for example, a limb is cut off or he becomes one-eyed, then the buyer has the option: if he wishes, he may keep the slave and take compensation for the defect from the seller, or if he wishes, he may return the slave and pay compensation for the defect. If the slave dies while with the buyer, then the price will be assessed including the defect as of the day of purchase. For example, on the day he was bought, the price of the slave with the defect was eighty dinars, and without defect was one hundred dinars, then the buyer will take twenty dinars compensation from the seller, but the price will be assessed as of the day he was bought.
تخریج الحدیث:
Hadith Number: 1306B3
قال مالك: الامر المجتمع عليه عندنا: ان من رد وليدة من عيب وجده بها، وكان قد اصابها، انها إن كانت بكرا فعليه ما نقص من ثمنها، وإن كانت ثيبا فليس عليه في إصابته إياها شيء، لانه كان ضامنا لها.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our view, this ruling is agreed upon that if a person buys a slave-girl, then returns her due to a defect, but has already had intercourse with her, then if the slave-girl was a virgin, the buyer must pay for the loss in her value; and if she was previously married (not a virgin), then the buyer does not have to pay anything.
تخریج الحدیث:
Hadith Number: 1306B4
. قال مالك: الامر المجتمع عليه عندنا فيمن باع عبدا، او وليدة، او حيوانا بالبراءة من اهل الميراث، او غيرهم: فقد برئ من كل عيب فيما باع، إلا ان يكون علم في ذلك عيبا، فكتمه، فإن كان علم عيبا فكتمه، لم تنفعه تبرئته، وكان ما باع مردودا عليه. قال مالك في الجارية تباع بالجاريتين، ثم يوجد بإحدى الجاريتين عيب ترد منه، قال: تقام الجارية التي كانت قيمة الجاريتين، فينظر كم ثمنها، ثم تقام الجاريتان بغير العيب الذي وجد بإحداهما، تقامان صحيحتين سالمتين، ثم يقسم ثمن الجارية التي بيعت بالجاريتين عليهما بقدر ثمنهما، حتى يقع على كل واحدة منهما حصتها من ذلك على المرتفعة، بقدر ارتفاعها، وعلى الاخرى بقدرها، ثم ينظر إلى التي بها العيب، فيرد بقدر الذي وقع عليها من تلك الحصة، إن كانت كثيرة او قليلة، وإنما تكون قيمة الجاريتين عليه يوم قبضهما.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our view, there is consensus that if a person sells a slave, a slave-girl, or any other animal with the condition that if any defect is found, he will be free from responsibility, or the seller will be free from liability for defects, except when there is a defect knowingly present in it and he conceals it. If he does so, then this condition will not be beneficial, and the item will be returned to the seller.
تخریج الحدیث:
Hadith Number: 1306B5
. قال مالك في الرجل يشتري العبد، فيؤاجره بالإجارة العظيمة، او الغلة القليلة، ثم يجد به عيبا يرد منه: إنه يرده بذلك العيب، وتكون له إجارته وغلته، وهذا الامر الذي كانت عليه الجماعة ببلدنا، وذلك لو ان رجلا ابتاع عبدا، فبنى له دارا قيمة بنائها ثمن العبد اضعافا، ثم وجد به عيبا يرد منه رده، ولا يحسب للعبد عليه إجارة فيما عمل له، فكذلك تكون له إجارته إذا آجره من غيره، لانه ضامن له، وهذا الامر عندنا.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a slave girl is sold in exchange for two slave girls, and then a defect is found in one of the two slave girls due to which she can be returned, then first the value of the slave girl for whom these two slave girls were given will be assessed. Then, considering both of these slave girls as free from defects, their value will be assessed. Then, the price of that slave girl will be divided among the prices of these two slave girls, each one's share will be separate, the one without defect according to her share and the one with defect according to hers. Then, the defective slave girl will be returned in exchange for her share of the price, whether it is small or large. However, the value of the two slave girls will be assessed according to the day they came into the possession of the buyer.
تخریج الحدیث:
Hadith Number: 1306B6
. قال مالك: الامر عندنا فيمن ابتاع رقيقا في صفقة واحدة، فوجد في ذلك الرقيق عبدا مسروقا، او وجد بعبد منهم عيبا، إنه ينظر فيما وجد مسروقا، او وجد به عيبا، فإن كان هو وجه ذلك الرقيق، او اكثره ثمنا، او من اجله اشترى، وهو الذي فيه الفضل فيما يرى الناس، كان ذلك البيع مردودا كله، وإن كان الذي وجد مسروقا، او وجد به العيب من ذلك الرقيق في الشيء اليسير منه، ليس هو وجه ذلك الرقيق، ولا من اجله اشتري، ولا فيه الفضل فيما يرى الناس رد ذلك الذي وجد به العيب، او وجد مسروقا بعينه، بقدر قيمته من الثمن الذي اشترى به اولئك الرقيق
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person buys a slave and makes him work for wages, whether the wages earned are little or much, and afterwards a defect is found in the slave due to which he can return the slave, then he may return the slave and keep the wages; it is not necessary to return them. According to us, this is the view of the group of scholars. Its example is that if a person buys a slave and has a house built by him, the construction cost of which is double or triple the price of the slave, and then returns the slave due to a defect, then the slave will be returned and the seller will not have the right to take the construction wages from the buyer. Similarly, the earnings of the slave will remain with the buyer.
تخریج الحدیث:
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person buys several slaves at the same time (i.e., in a single contract), and among them one slave turns out to be a thief or has some defect, then if that slave is the best and most distinguished among all the slaves and the rest of the slaves were bought because of him, then the entire sale will be annulled, and all the slaves will be returned. If this is not the case, then only that slave will be returned, and from the price, the buyer will take back from the seller the portion corresponding to the value of that slave.
تخریج الحدیث: