مختصر صحيح بخاري
Mukhtasar Sahih Bukhari
A partner acting as agent for another in division, etc.
Narrated from Sayyiduna Uqbah bin Amir (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) gave him some goats so that he could distribute them among the companions (may Allah be pleased with them). (After the distribution) one kid of a goat was left. He mentioned this to the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), so he (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "You may offer it as a sacrifice." (The meaning of 'wakeel' is deputy or representative.)
If a shepherd or agent sees an animal dying or something spoiling, can he slaughter or fix it?
Narrated from Sayyiduna Ka'b bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) that he had some goats which used to graze on the mountain called Sala'. One of our slave girls saw one of our goats dying, so she broke a stone and slaughtered the goat with that stone. Sayyiduna Ka'b (may Allah be pleased with him) said, "Do not eat it until I ask the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)," or (he said) he sent someone to the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) to ask about it. So he himself inquired from the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) about it or sent a messenger, and the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) permitted its consumption.
Appointing an agent to pay a debt is allowed.
Narrated Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him): A man came to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) demanding his camel, and he spoke harshly to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). The companions (may Allah be pleased with them) intended to harm him, but the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Leave him, for the one who has a right speaks in this manner." Then the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Give him a camel of the same age as his." The people said: "We do not have one of that age, but we have a better one." The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Give him that, for the best among you is the one who repays debts in the best manner."
Giving something to an agent or preemptor is allowed.
Narrated from Sayyiduna Miswar bin Makhramah (may Allah be pleased with him) that when the people of the tribe of Hawazin came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) after accepting Islam, the Prophet (peace be upon him) stood up. They requested him to return their wealth and captives, so the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "I like that which is true, so you people choose one thing—either take back your captives or your wealth. And I delayed the distribution of the spoils of war waiting for you, but you did not come (when the Prophet, peace be upon him, returned from Ta’if, he waited for them for more than ten days). So they realized that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) would return only one thing to them, so they said that they would take back their captives. Thus, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) stood among the group of Muslims and praised Allah as He deserves to be praised, then said: "To proceed! These brothers of yours have come to us repenting, and I think it appropriate to return their captives to them. Therefore, whoever wishes to give gladly, let him give gladly, and whoever wishes to keep his share, then when Allah grants us the next victory, he will be compensated from it, so let him give on this condition." The people said, "O Messenger of Allah! We agree to give without compensation." So the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "I do not know who among you has agreed and who has not, so you all return, and let your leaders bring me your decision." So all the people went back, and their leaders spoke to them. After that, they came to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and informed him that all the people agreed gladly.
If an agent leaves a task and the principal approves, it is valid.
Narrated Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him): The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered me to guard the charity of Ramadan. Then a person came to me and started taking handfuls from it. I caught him and said, "By Allah! I will take you to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)." He said, "Let me go, for I am needy and I have a great burden of children upon me, and I am in severe need." So I let him go. In the morning, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, "O Abu Huraira! What did your prisoner do last night?" I said, "O Messenger of Allah! He complained of severe need and mentioned his children, so I felt pity for him and let him go." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, "Be aware, he lied to you and he will come again." So, because of the Prophet's statement that he would come again, I was sure he would return, so I waited for him. He came again and started taking handfuls from the grain. I caught him and said, "I will surely take you to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)." He said, "Let me go, for I am needy and I have a great burden of children upon me. I will not come again." I felt pity for him and let him go. In the morning, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to me, "O Abu Huraira! What did your prisoner do?" I said, "O Messenger of Allah! He complained of severe need and mentioned his children, so I felt pity for him and let him go." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, "Be alert! He lied to you and he will come again." On the third night, I waited for him. He came at his usual time and started taking handfuls from the grain. I caught him and said, "Now I will surely take you to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), for this is the third time you say you will not come again, yet you return." He said, "Let me go, and I will teach you some words by which Allah will benefit you." I said, "What are they?" He said, "When you go to your bed (to sleep), recite Ayat al-Kursi (Allah! There is no deity except Him, the Ever-Living, the Sustainer of [all] existence) until the end of the verse. Then there will remain with you a guardian from Allah, and no devil will come near you until morning." So I let him go. In the morning, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to me, "What did your prisoner do last night?" I said, "O Messenger of Allah! He said he would teach me some words by which Allah would benefit me, so I let him go." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, "What are those words?" I said, "He told me: When you go to your bed (to sleep), recite Ayat al-Kursi from the beginning to the end (Allah! There is no deity except Him, the Ever-Living, the Sustainer of [all] existence), and he said to me that (by reciting it) a guardian from Allah will remain with you until morning, and no devil will come near you." (Because the Companions were very eager for good deeds.) The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, "Be aware! This time he told you the truth, though he is a great liar. O Abu Huraira! Do you know whom you were talking to for three nights?" I said, "No." He said, "That was Satan."
If an agent sells a defective item without disclosure, the sale is invalid.
Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that Sayyiduna Bilal (may Allah be pleased with him) brought good quality dates of the "Barni" type to the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) asked him: "Where did you get these from?" He replied: "We had some inferior dates, so we exchanged two sa’ of those for one sa’ of these dates so that we could feed them to the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)." Upon hearing this, the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Alas! Alas! This is pure usury; do not do this. Rather, when you want to buy (good dates), sell (the inferior dates) for something else, then buy (the good dates) with that." (This same hadith is also in Sahih Muslim with another chain, in which there are the words: "Return it.")
Appointing an agent in legal punishments.
Sayyiduna Uqbah bin Harith (may Allah be pleased with him) says that Na’eeman or Ibn Na’eeman, while intoxicated, was brought to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). The Prophet (peace be upon him) ordered all the people who were present in the house at that time to beat him. Sayyiduna Uqbah bin Harith (may Allah be pleased with him) says that I was also among those who beat him, and we beat him with shoes and sticks.