مختصر صحيح بخاري
Mukhtasar Sahih Bukhari
How the fifth (khums) of war booty is obligatory.
`Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "We have no heirs; whatever (wealth) we leave behind is charity." And the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would take from this wealth the expenses for his family for a year, and whatever remained after that, he would spend it in those places where Allah's wealth, that is, charity, is spent. Then (Sayyiduna Umar, may Allah be pleased with him) said to the companions (may Allah be pleased with them) sitting with him: I ask you by Allah, by whose command the heavens and the earth are established (tell me!), do you know that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said this? They said: Indeed, he (peace and blessings be upon him) said this. And in that gathering were Sayyiduna Ali, Abbas, Uthman, Abdur Rahman bin Awf, Zubair, and Sa'd bin Abi Waqqas (may Allah be pleased with them). And the full narration regarding the dispute between Sayyiduna Ali bin Abi Talib and Sayyiduna Abbas bin Abdul Muttalib (may Allah be pleased with them) was mentioned, the bringing of which is not among our duties. (In Surah Al-Anfal: 41, there is mention of khums. The chapter points to this, and see the hadith in the Book: Explanation of Faith... Chapter: Paying the fifth part of the spoils of war is part of faith.)
Description of the Prophet’s armor, staff, sword, cup, ring, and what was used by his successors, and his blessed hair, sandal, and vessels.
Narrated from Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) that he produced two shoes made of hairless leather before the noble Companions (may Allah be pleased with them), which had two straps each, and stated that they were the shoes of the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).
Umm al-Mu'mineen Aisha Siddiqa (may Allah be pleased with her) took out a sheet (which) is called "Malbada" and said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away while wearing this.
In one narration, it is reported from Umm al-Mu'minin Aisha Siddiqa (may Allah be pleased with her) that she took out a thick waist-wrapper, the kind that the people of Yemen make, and a sheet of the same kind, which is called "mulabbada" (saying that these belonged to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him).
Narrated from Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) that when the cup of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) broke, he (peace be upon him) fastened a silver wire at the broken place.
Allah’s statement: A fifth of the booty is for Allah and His Messenger.
Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) says that a child was born to one of us, so he named him Qasim. The Ansar said, "We will never call you Abu al-Qasim, nor will we cool your eyes (by this blessed title)." So that person went to the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and said, "O Messenger of Allah! A boy has been born to me, and I have named him Qasim, but the Ansar say, 'We will not call you Abu al-Qasim, nor will we cool your eyes.'" The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, "The Ansar have done well. Take my name, but do not take my kunyah (title), because I am the Qasim." (Qasim means the one who distributes.)
Narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Neither do I give you (anything) nor do I withhold from you; I am only a distributor, I spend wherever I am commanded."
Sayyida Khawla Ansariya (may Allah be pleased with her) says that I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) say: "Some people dispose of Allah's wealth without right; for them, there will be Hell on the Day of Resurrection." (That is, they will enter Hell.) (Allahumma ajirna min an-naar)
Prophet’s statement: Booty has been made lawful for you.
Narrated Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him): The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "One of the Prophets among the earlier Prophets fought in a battle. He said to his people: 'No one should go with me who has married a woman and wishes to consummate the marriage but has not yet done so, nor anyone who has built a house but has not yet put its roof on, nor anyone who has bought sheep or camels and is waiting for them to give birth.' So he fought in the battle. When they reached near a town at the time of Asr prayer or close to it, he said to the sun: 'You are subservient (to Allah) and I am also subservient (to Allah). O Allah! Hold it back for us.' So it was held back until Allah granted them victory. Then they gathered the spoils of war. A fire came down from the sky to consume the booty, but it did not consume it. So the Prophet said: 'Someone among you has stolen (from the booty), so let one man from each tribe pledge allegiance to me.' The hand of one man stuck to his hand, so the Prophet said: 'The thief is among you, so let all the people of your tribe pledge allegiance to me.' Then the hands of two or three men stuck to his hand. The Prophet said: 'You have committed the theft.' So they brought a head of gold shaped like a cow's head and placed it there. Then the fire came and consumed it. Then Allah saw our weakness and our inability, so He made the spoils of war lawful for us."
Proof that the fifth is for Muslims’ needs.
Narrated from Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) sent an army towards Najd in which Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) was also present. They found many camels as war booty, so each of them received twelve or eleven camels as their share, and one camel was given to them in addition to their share.