مختصر صحيح مسلم
Mukhtasar Sahih Muslim
Prohibition of praying at sunrise and sunset.
‘Umm al-Mu’minin Aisha Siddiqa (may Allah be pleased with her) says that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) never left the two rak’ahs after Asr. The narrator says that Umm al-Mu’minin Aisha Siddiqa (may Allah be pleased with her) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Especially do not make it a habit to perform your prayers at the time of sunrise and sunset, that you always perform them at that time. (That is, do not delay Fajr and Asr, but rather perform them at their earliest time.)
Offering Zuhr at its earliest time.
Sayyiduna Khabbab (may Allah be pleased with him) says: We came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and complained to him about the (scorching) intense heat, but he did not accept (our request). Zuhair said: I asked Abu Ishaq, "Was the complaint about the Zuhr prayer?" He said, "Yes." I said, "Was it about performing the prayer at its earliest time?" He said, "Yes." (That is, they requested some delay, which at first the Prophet (peace be upon him) did not accept, but later he permitted it, as is mentioned in the next hadith.)
Delaying Zuhr in intense heat.
Sayyiduna Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him) reports that when the Mu’adhdhin of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) intended to give the adhan for Zuhr, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:“Let it cool down a bit, let it cool down a bit,”or he said:“Wait a little, wait a little.”And he said:“The severity of the heat is from the steam of Hell.”Then, when the heat is intense, perform the prayer at a cooler time. Sayyiduna Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him) says: We waited until we saw the shadows of the mounds.
Earliest time for Asr prayer.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, used to perform the Asr prayer when the sun was still high and there was heat in it. And a person would go to the high outskirts and reach there, and the sun would still be high.
‘Ala bin Abdur Rahman narrates that he went to the house of Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) after offering Zuhr prayer at the house of the people of Basra, and the house of Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) was near the mosque. Then when we went to him, he asked,“Have you offered Asr?”We said,“We have just come after offering Zuhr.”He said,“Offer Asr.”So we offered Asr. When we had offered Asr, he said,“I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: ‘This is the prayer of the hypocrite, that he sits watching the sun, and when it is between the two horns of Satan, he stands and pecks out four pecks, and he does not remember Allah in it except a little.’”
Guarding Asr and prohibition of prayer after Asr.
Sayyiduna Abu Basrah Ghifari (may Allah be pleased with him) says that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) led us in the ‘Asr prayer at the place of Makhmas and said:“This prayer was presented to those before you, but they neglected it. So whoever safeguards it will have double the reward. And after it, there is no prayer until the ‘shahid’ appears.”And by ‘shahid’ is meant a star (i.e., when a star appears).
Severe warning for missing Asr prayer.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Whoever misses the Asr prayer, it is as if his family and wealth have been destroyed.
What is meant by the middle prayer?
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the polytheists prevented the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) from the Asr prayer, until the sun became red or yellow. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: They have prevented us from the Asr prayer, the middle prayer. May Allah fill their bellies and graves with fire. (Or he said: May Allah fill their insides and graves with fire.)
Prohibition of prayer after Asr and Fajr.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) forbade (performing voluntary) prayers after the Asr prayer until the sun sets, and after the Fajr prayer until the sun rises.
No prayer or burial at three times.
‘Ali bin Rabah says: I heard Sayyiduna ‘Uqbah bin ‘Amir al-Juhani (may Allah be pleased with him) saying that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to forbid us from praying and from burying the dead at three times: first, when the sun is rising until it becomes high; second, when it is exactly midday until it declines; and third, when the sun is setting until it has completely set.