Narrated from Umm al-Mu'mineen Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) heard the noise of disputants at the door of his chamber, so he came out and said: I am only a human being, and people come to me with their disputes, and it may be that one of them is more eloquent in presenting his case than the other, and I think he is telling the truth and so I judge in his favor. So, if I give someone the right of his Muslim brother, then it is only a piece of fire; let him take it or leave it.

Umm al-Mu'mineen Aisha Siddiqa (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: The worst of men in the sight of Allah Almighty is the one who is very quarrelsome and argumentative.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: If people were given whatever they claimed, some would take the lives and wealth of others. But the defendant should take an oath.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with both of them) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) gave a verdict based on an oath and one witness. (This is in the case when there are not two witnesses. If there is one witness, then the claimant should take an oath along with him.)

‘Sayyiduna Abdur Rahman bin Abi Bakrah says that’ my father dictated to Ubaidullah bin Abi Bakrah, who was the judge of Sijistan, and I wrote it down, that you should not judge between two men when you are angry, because I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) say, he (peace be upon him) used to say that no man should judge between two people when he is in a state of anger.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Amr bin As (may Allah be pleased with him) that he heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) say: When a judge strives to make a decision after thinking and he is correct, then he has two rewards; and if he strives to make a decision and makes a mistake, then he has one reward.

Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates from the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that he (peace be upon him) said: Two women were walking with their children when a wolf came and took away the child of one of them. One said to the other, "It took your son." The other said, "It took your son." Eventually, both came to Sayyiduna Dawud (peace be upon him) for judgment. He gave the child to the elder woman (perhaps because the child resembled her, or in their law preference was given to the elder in such a case, or the child was in her hands). Then both came to Sayyiduna Sulaiman (peace be upon him) and related the whole matter to him. He said, "Bring me a knife so that I may cut the child into two pieces and give each of you a part." (The intention was not to actually cut the child, but to discover the real mother.) So the younger woman said, "May Allah have mercy on you, do not do so; he is the son of the elder." Sayyiduna Sulaiman (peace be upon him) then gave the child to the younger woman. (Thus, Sayyiduna Sulaiman (peace be upon him) gave a ruling contrary to Sayyiduna Dawud (peace be upon him), because both were mujtahids and prophets, and it is permissible for one mujtahid to differ from another. In ijtihadi matters, it is not correct to break a ruling, but perhaps Sayyiduna Dawud (peace be upon him) had not finalized the judgment, or it was only in the form of a fatwa.) Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: In this hadith, I heard the word "sikkeen" (knife) for the first time that day, otherwise we used to say "madiyah."

Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: A man bought land from another man. Then the one who bought the land found a pot (vessel) of gold in it. The buyer said (to the seller), "Take your gold, I bought the land from you, not the gold." And the seller said, "I sold you the land and whatever was in it (so the gold is yours)." (Subhan Allah, how sincere and honest both the seller and the buyer were!) The narrator says that then both sought a decision from a third person. He asked, "Do you have children?" One said, "I have a son," and the other said, "I have a daughter." He said, "Good, marry the son to the daughter and spend the gold on both of them, and also give in the way of Allah." (Thus, reconciliation was made, and this is recommended so that both remain happy.)

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Zaid bin Khalid Juhani, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Noble Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: Shall I tell you who is the best witness? The one who gives his testimony before he is asked to do so.