مختصر صحيح مسلم
Mukhtasar Sahih Muslim
Encouragement to seek martyrdom.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Sahl bin Hunaif (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: Whoever sincerely asks Allah for martyrdom, Allah will grant him the rank of the martyrs even if he dies on his bed.
Virtue of martyrdom in Allah’s path.
Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates from the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that he (peace be upon him) said: Whoever enters Paradise will not wish to return to the world, even if he were given all that is on the earth, but the martyr will wish to return and be killed ten times because of the honor and reward he sees (due to martyrdom). (That is, he will wish to attain it again and again.)
Actions depend on intentions.
`Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Actions are judged by intentions, and every person will have only what he intended. So whoever's migration was for Allah and His Messenger, then his migration is for Allah and His Messenger. And whoever migrated for worldly gain or to marry a woman, then his migration is for that for which he migrated.
Martyrs are pleased with Allah and He with them.
Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) says that some people came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said, "Send some men with us who will teach us the Qur'an and Sunnah." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent seventy men from among the Ansar to them. They were called the Qurra (reciters and memorizers of the Qur'an), and among them was my maternal uncle Haram (may Allah be pleased with him). These Qurra used to recite the Qur'an and would gather at night to teach and learn from each other. During the day, they would bring water and place it in the mosque, and they would collect wood (from the forest), sell it, and buy food with its price to feed the people of Suffah. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent them to the people (who had requested some men for teaching). But before they reached the area to which they had been invited, those people martyred the Qurra. The Qurra said, "Allahumma balligh 'anna nabiyyana..." etc., meaning, "O Allah, convey from us to our Prophet that we have met Allah, and we are pleased with Allah and Allah is pleased with us." Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) says that a disbeliever came to my uncle Haram (may Allah be pleased with him) and struck him from behind with a spear, piercing him through. Sayyiduna Haram (may Allah be pleased with him) said, "Fuztu wa rabbil Ka'bah," meaning, "By the Lord of the Ka'bah, I have succeeded." Then (when this incident had occurred), the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, "Your (Muslim) brothers have been martyred, and they have sent this message: We have met Allah, we are pleased with Allah, and He is pleased with us."
Martyrs are of five types.
Narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: A man was walking when he saw a thorny branch on the road, so he removed it (from the road). Because of this, Allah rewarded him by forgiving him. And the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said that there are five types of martyrs: the one who dies of plague (an epidemic, in that time plague was caused by vomiting and diarrhea), the one who dies of a stomach illness (such as diarrhea, dysentery, or dropsy), the one who drowns, the one who is crushed to death, and the one who is killed in the way of Allah.
Plague death is martyrdom for every Muslim.
Lady Hafsa bint Sirin says: Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) asked me, "What illness did Yahya bin Abi Amrah die of?" I replied, "He died of plague." He said, "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Plague is martyrdom for every Muslim."
All sins of a martyr are forgiven except debt.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Amr bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: Every sin of a martyr is forgiven except debt.
Sayyiduna Abu Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) that he stood among the companions (to deliver a sermon) and informed them that the most virtuous of all deeds is striving in the way of Allah and having faith in Allah the Exalted. A man stood up and said, "O Messenger of Allah! If I am killed in the way of Allah, will my sins be erased from me?" The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) replied, "Yes, if you are killed in the way of Allah, with patience, and your intention is purely for Allah the Exalted, and you remain facing (the enemy) and do not turn your back." Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, "What did you say?" He replied, "If I am killed in the way of Allah, will my sins be forgiven?" The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) again said, "Yes, if you are killed with patience, with a pure intention, and your face is towards (the enemy) and you do not turn your back, except for debt, for Jibreel (peace be upon him) has informed me of this."
Killed defending property is martyrdom.
Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) reports that a man came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said, "O Messenger of Allah! What do you say if someone comes to take my wealth (unjustly)?" The Prophet (peace be upon him) said, "Do not give him your wealth." He then asked, "What if he fights me?" The Prophet (peace be upon him) said, "Then fight him." He asked, "What if he kills me?" The Prophet (peace be upon him) said, "Then you are a martyr." He asked, "What if I kill him?" The Prophet (peace be upon him) said, "Then he will go to Hell."
Regarding Allah’s saying:“Men who fulfilled what they promised Allah...”
Thabit says that Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) said that my uncle, after whom I was named (that is, his name was also Anas), could not participate in the Battle of Badr with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). And this matter was very hard on him, and he said: "I was absent from the first battle of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Now, if Allah grants me another battle with you (O Messenger of Allah), then Allah will see what I do." And he refrained from saying anything else (meaning, he was afraid to make any further claims, such as saying, "I will do this or that," because perhaps he might not be able to fulfill it and would be counted among the liars). Then he went with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) to the Battle of Uhud. The narrator says that Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) came before him (and in the narration of Bukhari, it is mentioned that he was retreating after defeat), so Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) said to him, "O Abu Amr" (this was the kunyah of Sa'd bin Mu'adh, may Allah be pleased with him), "where are you going?" Then (without waiting for his reply, he himself said), "I am smelling the fragrance of Paradise from behind Uhud." Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) said that then he fought the disbelievers until he was martyred. (After the battle) it was seen that there were more than eighty (80) wounds of swords, spears, and arrows on his body. His sister, that is, my paternal aunt, Rubayyi' bint Nadr, said: "I did not recognize my brother except by looking at the tips of his fingers (because his whole body was torn apart by wounds)." And this verse was revealed: "Among the believers are men who have been true to their covenant with Allah... some of them have fulfilled their vow, and some are still waiting, but they have not changed in the least." The companions used to say that this verse was revealed about him and his companions.