اللؤلؤ والمرجان
Al-Lulu wal-Marjan
كتاب الجهاد
Book of Jihad
باب قول النبى صلى الله عليه وسلم لا نورث ما تركنا فهو صدقة
Prophet’s saying:“We do not inherit; what we leave is charity”
Hadith Number: 1149
1149 صحيح حديث عائشة، ان فاطمة عليها السلام، بنت النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم، ارسلت إلى ابي بكر تساله ميراثها من رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، مما افاء الله عليه بالمدينة وفدك وما بقي من خمس خيبر فقال ابو بكر: إن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، قال: لا نورث، ما تركنا صدقة، إنما ياكل آل محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم في هذا المال وإني، والله لا اغير شيئا من صدقة رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عن حالها التي كان عليها في عهد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، ولاعملن فيها بما عمل به رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فابى ابو بكر ان يدفع إلى فاطمة منها شيئا فوجدت فاطمة على ابي بكر في ذلك، فهجرته، فلم تكلمه حتى توفيت وعاشت بعد النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ستة اشهر، فلما توفيت دفنها زوجها علي ليلا، ولم يؤذن بها ابا بكر، وصلى عليها وكان لعلي من الناس وجه حياة فاطمة فلما توفيت استنكر علي وجوه الناس، فالتمس مصالحة ابي بكر ومبايعته، ولم يكن يبايع تلك الاشهر فارسل إلى ابي بكر: ان ائتنا، ولا ياتنا احد معك (كراهية لمحضر عمر) فقال عمر: لا، والله لا تدخل عليهم وحدك فقال ابو بكر: وما عسيتهم ان يفعلوا بي والله لآتينهم فدخل عليهم ابو بكر، فتشهد علي، فقال: إنا قد عرفنا فضلك وما اعطاك الله، ولم ننفس عليك خيرا ساقه الله إليك، ولكنك استبددت علينا بالامر، وكنا نرى، لقرابتنا من رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، نصيبا حتى فاضت عينا ابي بكر فلما تكلم ابو بكر قال: والذي نفسي بيده لقرابة رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم احب إلي ان اصل من قرابتي، واما الذي شجر بيني وبينكم من هذه الاموال فلم آل فيها عن الخير، ولم اترك امرا رايت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يصنعه فيها إلا صنعته فقال علي لابي بكر: موعدك العشية للبيعة فلما صلى ابو بكر الظهر، رقي على المنبر فتشهد، وذكر شان علي وتخلفه عن البيعة، وعذ ره بالذي اعتذر إليه ثم استغفر، وتشهد علي، فعظم حق ابي بكر، وحدث انه لم يحمله على الذي صنع، نفاسة على ابي بكر، ولا إنكارا للذي فضله الله به، ولكنا نرى لنا في هذا الامر نصيبا، فاستبد علينا، فوجدنا في انفسنا فسر بذلك المسلمون، وقالوا: اصبت وكان المسلمون إلى علي قريبا، حين راجع الامر المعروف
Narrated Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her): The Prophet’s (peace and blessings be upon him) daughter Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) sent someone to Abu Bakr As-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) demanding her inheritance from the property which Allah’s Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) had been granted by Allah in Medina and Fadak, and from the remaining fifth of the spoils of Khaybar. Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) replied that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had said,“We, the Prophets, do not leave inheritance; whatever we leave behind is charity. However, the family of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) will eat from this property. By Allah, I will not change anything in the charity left by the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). It will remain as it was during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and I will act regarding its distribution as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) did in his lifetime.”Thus, Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) did not give anything to Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her). Upon this, Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) became upset with Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and stopped meeting him, and she did not speak to him until her death. Lady Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) lived for six months after the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). When she passed away, her husband Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) buried her at night and did not inform Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), and he himself led her funeral prayer. As long as Lady Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) was alive, people paid great attention to Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), but after her death, he noticed that people’s faces had turned away from him. At that time, he wished to reconcile with Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and to pledge allegiance to him. For six months prior, he had not pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him). Then he sent for Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and requested that he come alone and not bring anyone with him; he did not want Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) to come with him. Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said to Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him),“By Allah! Do not go to them alone.”Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said,“Why? What will they do to me? By Allah, I will surely go to them.”So he went to Ali (may Allah be pleased with him). Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) called Allah as witness and then said,“We acknowledge your virtue and excellence and all that Allah has granted you. We have not competed with you in any of the goodness and distinction that Allah has given you. But you have wronged us (by not consulting us in the matter of the caliphate). Because of our close relationship with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), we considered ourselves entitled (to be consulted).”Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) was overcome with tears at these words, and when he was able to speak, he said,“By Him in Whose hand is my soul, maintaining the ties of kinship with the relatives of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) is dearer to me than with my own relatives. But regarding the property over which there was a difference between me and you, I have not deviated from the truth and goodness, and in this matter, I have followed the path I saw the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) take.”After this, Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said to Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him),“I will pledge allegiance to you after midday.”So, after finishing the Zuhr prayer, Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) came to the pulpit, and after delivering a sermon, he mentioned the matter of Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) and his delay in pledging allegiance, and he also mentioned the excuse Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) had presented. Then Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), after seeking forgiveness and bearing witness, acknowledged the right and greatness of Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and said,“What I did was not out of envy for Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), nor was it to deny the excellence and virtue that Allah has granted him. It was only that we considered ourselves entitled to be consulted in the matter of the caliphate, and it was this omission that caused us grief.”The Muslims were very pleased with this event and said,“You have spoken rightly.”When Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) adopted this appropriate course in the matter, the Muslims were pleased with him and began to love Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) even more when they saw that he had chosen the right path.
تخریج الحدیث: «صحیح، أخرجه البخاري في: 64 كتاب المغازي: 38 باب غزوة خيبر»