موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik Riwayat Yahya
كِتَابُ الْبُيُوعِ
Book: On the Rulings of Buying and Selling
بَابُ السُّلْفَةِ فِي الْعُرُوضِ
Advance Payment in Goods
Hadith Number: 1371
حدثني حدثني يحيى، عن مالك، عن يحيى بن سعيد ، عن القاسم بن محمد ، انه قال: سمعت عبد الله بن عباس ورجل يساله عن رجل سلف في سبائب فاراد بيعها قبل ان يقبضها، فقال ابن عباس : " تلك الورق بالورق"، كره ذلك .
It is narrated from Qasim bin Muhammad that a person asked Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them): If someone makes a forward sale (salam) in clothes and then wants to sell them before taking possession? Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them) said: This is the sale of silver for silver, and he considered it disliked.
تخریج الحدیث:
Hadith Number: 1371B1
. قال مالك: وذلك فيما نرى والله اعلم، انه اراد ان يبيعها من صاحبها الذي اشتراها منه باكثر من الثمن الذي ابتاعها به، ولو انه باعها من غير الذي اشتراها منه لم يكن بذلك باس.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our opinion, this means that a person wants to sell those clothes to the same person from whom he bought them, at a price higher than the original price, because if he wants to sell those clothes to someone else, there is no objection.
تخریج الحدیث:
Hadith Number: 1371B2
قال مالك: الامر المجتمع عليه عندنا فيمن سلف في رقيق او ماشية او عروض، فإذا كان كل شيء من ذلك موصوفا فسلف فيه إلى اجل فحل الاجل، فإن المشتري لا يبيع شيئا من ذلك من الذي اشتراه منه باكثر من الثمن الذي سلفه فيه قبل ان يقبض ما سلفه فيه، وذلك انه إذا فعله فهو الربا، صار المشتري إن اعطى الذي باعه دنانير او دراهم فانتفع بها، فلما حلت عليه السلعة ولم يقبضها المشتري باعها من صاحبها باكثر مما سلفه فيها، فصار ان رد إليه ما سلفه وزاده من عنده.
Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) said: In our view, this ruling is agreed upon: Whoever gives an advance payment (salam) for a slave, an animal, or any other goods, and describes their characteristics for a specified term, when the term expires, the buyer must not sell those things back to the seller for a higher price than the original until he has taken possession of them. Otherwise, it will be riba (usury), as if the seller benefited from the buyer’s money for a period, then returned it with an increase, and this is exactly riba.
تخریج الحدیث:
Hadith Number: 1371B3
. قال مالك: من سلف ذهبا او ورقا في حيوان او عروض إذا كان موصوفا إلى اجل مسمى ثم حل الاجل، فإنه لا باس ان يبيع المشتري تلك السلعة من البائع، قبل ان يحل الاجل او بعد ما يحل بعرض من العروض يعجله ولا يؤخره بالغا ما بلغ ذلك العرض إلا الطعام، فإنه لا يحل ان يبيعه حتى يقبضه، وللمشتري ان يبيع تلك السلعة من غير صاحبه الذي ابتاعها منه بذهب او ورق او عرض من العروض يقبض ذلك ولا يؤخره، لانه إذا اخر ذلك قبح ودخله ما يكره من الكالئ بالكالئ، والكالئ بالكالئ: ان يبيع الرجل دينا له على رجل بدين على رجل آخر.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person gives gold or silver as advance payment (salam) for some goods or an animal, and describes its characteristics for a fixed term, then when the term passes or even if it has not passed, the buyer can sell that goods or animal to the seller in exchange for other goods, but it is necessary that he takes the goods in cash, there should be no delay, except for grain, which cannot be sold before taking possession. And if the buyer sells that goods to someone other than the seller, he can sell it even in exchange for gold or silver, but it is necessary that he takes the price in cash, there should be no delay, otherwise it will become a sale of debt for debt. Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person gives advance payment (salam) for some goods that are not food or drink for a fixed term, then the buyer has the option to sell that goods to someone other than the seller in exchange for gold, silver, or goods before taking possession, but he cannot sell it to the seller himself; if he does so and sells it in exchange for goods, there is no harm, but it must be a cash transaction. Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Whoever gives rupees or gold coins as advance payment (salam) for four garments for a fixed term, and describes the characteristics of those garments, when the term passes and the buyer demands those things from the seller, but the seller does not have garments of that type, rather he has lighter ones, and at that time the seller says: Take eight garments from these lighter ones, then it is permissible for the buyer to take them, but he should take them immediately in cash, not delay; if he sets a term for those eight garments, it is not permissible. If, before the term passes, he substitutes other garments of the same type, it is not permissible, but it is permissible to substitute with garments of another type.
تخریج الحدیث:
Hadith Number: 1371B4
قال مالك: ومن سلف في سلعة إلى اجل، وتلك السلعة مما لا يؤكل ولا يشرب، فإن المشتري يبيعها ممن شاء بنقد او عرض قبل ان يستوفيها من غير صاحبها الذي اشتراها منه، ولا ينبغي له ان يبيعها من الذي ابتاعها منه إلا بعرض يقبضه ولا يؤخره.
Malik said: And whoever makes a salam (advance payment) in a commodity to a fixed term, and that commodity is something that is neither eaten nor drunk, then the buyer may sell it to whomever he wishes for cash or goods before he takes possession of it, except to its original owner from whom he bought it. And it is not appropriate for him to sell it to the one from whom he bought it except for goods which he takes possession of and does not delay.
تخریج الحدیث:
Hadith Number: 1371B5
. قال مالك: وإن كانت السلعة لم تحل، فلا باس بان يبيعها من صاحبها بعرض مخالف لها بين خلافه يقبضه ولا يؤخره. قال مالك فيمن سلف دنانير او دراهم في اربعة اثواب موصوفة إلى اجل، فلما حل الاجل تقاضى صاحبها فلم يجدها عنده، ووجد عنده ثيابا دونها من صنفها، فقال له الذي عليه الاثواب: اعطيك بها ثمانية اثواب من ثيابي هذه: إنه لا باس بذلك إذا اخذ تلك الاثواب التي يعطيه قبل ان يفترقا، فإن دخل ذلك الاجل، فإنه لا يصلح، وإن كان ذلك قبل محل الاجل، فإنه لا يصلح ايضا إلا ان يبيعه ثيابا ليست من صنف الثياب التي سلفه فيها
Malik said: And if the merchandise has not become permissible, then there is no harm in selling it to its owner for a different, clearly distinct commodity, which he takes possession of and does not delay. Malik said regarding someone who advanced dinars or dirhams for four described garments to a term, and when the term became due, he demanded them from their owner but did not find them with him, and found with him garments of lesser quality from the same type, so the one upon whom the garments were due said to him: "I will give you eight garments of these of mine for them"—there is no harm in that if he takes those garments which he is given before they separate. But if that term has entered, then it is not valid, and if that is before the due date, it is also not valid unless he sells him garments that are not of the type of garments for which he advanced payment.
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