موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik Riwayat Yahya
كِتَابُ الْفَرَائِضِ
Book: On the Explanation of Division of Inheritance
بَابُ الْعَمَلِ فِيْمَنْ جُهِلَ أَمْرُهُ بِالْقَتْلِ أَوْ غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ
Chapter on Actions Regarding Unknown Cases of Killing or Other Matters
Hadith Number: 1491
حدثني يحيى، عن مالك، عن ربيعة بن ابي عبد الرحمن ، عن غير واحد من علمائهم انه " لم يتوارث من قتل يوم الجمل، ويوم صفين، ويوم الحرة، ثم كان يوم قديد، فلم يورث احد من صاحبه شيئا، إلا من علم انه قتل قبل صاحبه" .
It is narrated from Hazrat Rabee’ah bin Abi Abdur Rahman and many scholars that all those who were killed in the Battle of Jamal(1), the Battle of Siffin(2), the Day of Harrah(3), and those who were killed on the Day of Qadeed(4), they did not inherit from one another, except for the person whose condition became known that he was killed before his heir(5) (then they inherited from one another).
تخریج الحدیث:
Hadith Number: 1491B1
قال مالك: وذلك الامر الذي لا اختلاف فيه، ولا شك عند احد من اهل العلم ببلدنا، وكذلك العمل في كل متوارثين هلكا بغرق او قتل او غير ذلك من الموت، إذا لم يعلم ايهما مات قبل صاحبه، لم يرث احد منهما من صاحبه شيئا، وكان ميراثهما لمن بقي من ورثتهما، يرث كل واحد منهما ورثته من الاحياء.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This is the ruling; if several people drown, or die by falling from a building, or are killed, and it is not known who died first and who died later, then they will not inherit from one another. Rather, the estate of each will go to his heirs who are alive.
تخریج الحدیث:
Hadith Number: 1491B2
قال مالك: لا ينبغي ان يرث احد احدا بالشك، ولا يرث احد احدا إلا باليقين من العلم، والشهداء، وذلك ان الرجل يهلك هو ومولاه الذي اعتقه ابوه، فيقول بنو الرجل العربي: قد ورثه ابونا. فليس ذلك لهم ان يرثوه بغير علم ولا شهادة. إنه مات قبله. وإنما يرثه اولى الناس به من الاحياء.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that no one will inherit from another based on doubt, but rather inheritance will be established through knowledge and certainty. For example, if a person dies and his father's freed slave (mawla) dies, and now his sons say: "Our father was the heir of this mawla," this cannot be accepted until it is proven with knowledge, certainty, or witnesses that the mawla died first. Until then, the living heirs of the mawla will receive his estate.
تخریج الحدیث:
Hadith Number: 1491B3
قال مالك: ومن ذلك ايضا الاخوان للاب والام. يموتان. ولاحدهما ولد والآخر لا. ولد له ولهما اخ لابيهما، فلا يعلم ايهما مات قبل صاحبه. فميراث الذي لا ولد له، لاخيه لابيه. وليس لبني اخيه - لابيه وامه، شيء.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that similarly, if two real brothers die, one has children and the other is childless, and they both have a stepbrother, and it is not known which brother died first, then the inheritance of the brother who died childless will go to his stepbrother, not to his nephews.
تخریج الحدیث:
Hadith Number: 1491B4
قال مالك: ومن ذلك ايضا: ان تهلك العمة وابن اخيها، او ابنة الاخ وعمها، فلا يعلم ايهما مات قبل. فإن لم يعلم ايهما مات قبل، لم يرث العم من ابنة اخيه شيئا. ولا يرث ابن الاخ من عمته شيئا.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that similarly, if a paternal aunt and a nephew die together, or a nephew and an uncle die together, and it is not known who died first, then in the first case, the uncle will not inherit from his nephew, and in the second case, the nephew will not inherit from his paternal aunt.
تخریج الحدیث: