الفتح الربانی
Al-Fath al-Rabbani
مسائل القضاء والشهادات
Issues of Judiciary and Testimonies
بَابُ جَامِعٌ فِي قَضَايَا حَكَمَ فِيهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم
A comprehensive chapter on cases judged by the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)
Hadith Number: 6425
قال عبد الله بن الإمام احمد حدثنا ابو كامل الجحدري ثنا الفضيل بن سليمان ثنا موسى بن عقبة عن إسحاق بن يحيى بن الوليد بن عبادة بن الصامت عن عبادة رضي الله عنه قال إن من قضاء رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم ان المعدن جبار والبئر جبار والعجماء جرحها جبار والعجماء البهيمة من الانعام وغيرها والجبار هو الهدر والذي لا يغرم وقضى في الركاز الخمس وقضى ان تمر النخل لمن ابرها إلا ان يشترط المبتاع وقضى ان مال المملوك لمن باعه إلا ان يشترط المبتاع وقضى ان الولد للفراش وللعاهر الحجر وقضى بالشفعة بين الشركاء في الارضين والدور وقضى لحمل بفتح الحاء والميم بن مالك الهذلي بميراثه عن امراته التي قتلتها الاخرى وقضى في الجنين المقتول بغرة عبد او امة قال فورثها بعلها وبنوها قال وكان له من امراتيه كلتيهما ولد قال فقال ابو القاتلة المقضي عليه يا رسول الله كيف اغرم من لا صاح ولا استهل ولا شرب ولا اكل فمثل ذلك يطل فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم هذا من الكهان وقضى في الرحبة تكون بين الطريق ثم يريد اهلها البنيان فيها فقضى ان يترك للطريق فيها سبعة اذرع وقال وكانت تلك الطريق سميت الميتاء وقضى في النخلة او النخلتين او الثلاث فيختلفون في حقوق ذلك فقضى ان لكل نخلة من اولئك مبلغ جريدتها حيز لها وقضى في شرب النخل من السيل ان الاعلى يشرب قبل الاسفل ويترك الماء إلى الكعبين ثم يرسل الماء إلى الاسفل الذي يليه وكذلك تنقضي الحوائط او يفنى الماء وقضى ان المراة لا تعطي من مالها شيئا إلا بإذن زوجها وقضى للجدتين من الميراث بالسدس بينهما بالسواء وقضى ان من اعتق شركا له في مملوك فعليه جواز عتقه إن كان له مال وقضى ان لا ضرر ولا ضرار وقضى انه ليس لعرق ظالم حق وقضى بين اهل المدينة في النخل لا يمنع نقع بئر وقضى بين اهل المدينة انه لا يمنع فضل ماء ليمنع فضل الكلا وقضى في دية الكبرى المغلظة ثلاثين ابنة لبون وثلاثين حقة واربعين خلفة وقضى في دية الصغرى ثلاثين ابنة لبون وثلاثين حقة وعشرين ابنة مخاض وعشرين بني مخاض ذكورا ثم غلت الإبل بعد وفاة رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم وهانت الدراهم فقوم عمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنه إبل المدينة ستة آلاف درهم حساب اوقية ونصف لكل بعير ثم غلت الإبل وهانت الورق فزاد عمر بن الخطاب الفين حساب اوقيتين لكل بعير ثم غلت الإبل وهانت الدراهم فاتمها عمر اثني عشر الفا حساب ثلاث اواق لكل بعير قال فزاد ثلث الدية في الشهر الحرام وثلثا آخر في البلد الحرام قال فتمت دية الحرمين عشرين الفا قال فكان يقال يؤخذ من اهل البادية من ماشيتهم لا يكلفون الورق ولا الذهب ويؤخذ من كل قوم مالهم قيمة العدل من اموالهم
It is narrated from Sayyiduna ‘Ubada bin Samit (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave the ruling that the ear is without compensation, the well is without compensation, and the wound of a beast is without compensation. By ‘ajma’ is meant a quadruped, and by ‘jubār’ is meant something that is wasted, for which no blood money is paid. He ruled that one-fifth is to be taken from buried treasure (rikāz). He ruled that the fruit of a date-palm tree belongs to the one who grafted it, unless the buyer stipulates at the time of purchase to take it. He ruled that the property of a sold slave belongs to the seller, unless the buyer stipulates at the time of the transaction. He ruled that the child belongs to the one on whose bed it is born, and for the adulterer there are stones (i.e., stoning). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ruled the right of pre-emption (shuf‘a) for partners in land and houses. He ruled that Sayyiduna Haml bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) should be given his share from the inheritance of his wife, whom his other wife had killed. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ruled that the blood money for a fetus killed in the womb is a slave man or woman, and said that the husband of the murdered woman and her sons will be her heirs. Haml bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) had children from both wives. The father of the killer said: O Messenger of Allah! How can I pay blood money for one who neither cried out, nor screamed, nor drank, nor ate? Such a case should be void and wasted. But the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: This is the rhyming speech of soothsayers. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ruled regarding the platform that was in the way and whose owners intended to build upon it, that seven hand-spans of the path should be left before building, and that it would be a public thoroughfare. He ruled that when people dispute over one, two, or three date-palm trees, the area up to the extent of each tree’s branches will belong to the owner. He ruled that when irrigating date-palms from flowing water in canals, the upper land should be irrigated first until the water reaches the ankles, then it should be let down to the adjacent lower land, and so on, until the gardens or the water run out. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ruled that a woman may not give away her wealth without her husband’s permission. He ruled that two grandmothers will receive one-sixth from inheritance, divided equally between them. He ruled that whoever frees his share in a jointly owned slave, if he has wealth, must free the entire slave. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ruled that (one who causes loss to his brother by reducing his right) and (causing more harm than the harm received) is not permissible. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ruled that an oppressor has no right to the root (of a tree). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ruled among the people of Madinah regarding date-palms that surplus water from wells should not be withheld. He ruled among the villagers that surplus water should not be withheld so as to prevent people from surplus grass. He ruled that in major blood money (diyat-e-kubra) there should be thirty two-year-old camels, thirty three-year-old camels, and forty pregnant camels. He ruled that in minor blood money (diyat-e-sughra) there should be thirty two-year-old camels, thirty three-year-old camels, twenty one-year-old camels, and twenty one-year-old male camels. Then, after the death of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), when camels became expensive and dirhams became cheap during the time of Sayyiduna ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), he set the price of the blood money camels at six thousand dirhams, valuing one camel at one uqiyyah. Later, when camels became more expensive and dirhams depreciated, Sayyiduna ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) set the price of each camel at two uqiyyahs, increasing the total by two thousand dirhams. Then, when camels became even more expensive and dirhams depreciated further, he set the price of each camel at three uqiyyahs, making the total twelve thousand dirhams. He added one-third to the blood money in the sacred month, and another one-third in the sacred city, so the blood money for these two sanctities became twenty thousand dirhams. Sayyiduna ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said that blood money should be taken from the livestock of the villagers, and they should not be obliged to pay in gold and silver; the compensation should be taken from the wealth that each people possess, according to their means.
تخریج الحدیث:
حكم: اسناده ضعيف
Hadith Number: 6426
حدثنا الصلت بن مسعود ثنا الفضيل بن سليمان ثنا موسى بن عقبة عن إسحاق بن الوليد بن عبادة بن الصامت عن عبادة رضي الله عنه قال إن من قضاء رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم المعدن جبار وذكر نحو حديث ابي كامل بطوله غير انهما اختلفا في الإسناد فقال ابو كامل في حديثه عن إسحاق بن يحيى بن الوليد بن عبادة ان عبادة قال من قضاء رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم وقال الصلت عن إسحاق بن الوليد بن عبادة عن عبادة إن من قضاء رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم وذكر الحديث
Narrated from Sayyiduna ‘Ubada bin Samit (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave the verdict that the ear is forfeited, … then he mentioned the previous narration of Abu Kamil in full, but mentioned the difference of two narrators: one said "min qada’i Rasulillah (peace and blessings be upon him)" and the other said "inna min qada’i Rasulillah (peace and blessings be upon him)", and then narrated the entire hadith.
تخریج الحدیث:
حكم: انظر الحديث السابق