Sayyiduna Abu Rahm Ghafari (may Allah be pleased with him), who was among those companions who pledged allegiance to the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) under the tree, narrates: He says, I participated in the Battle of Tabuk in the company of the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). When you set out, you continued traveling at night, and I kept walking close to you. I became drowsy and tried to stay awake. My mount was close to the mount of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). I was afraid that I might bump into the foot of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) which was in the stirrup, so I kept my mount a little behind. When half the night had passed, sleep overcame me and my mount moved ahead and collided with your mount. Your (peace and blessings be upon him) foot was in the stirrup, and my mount struck your foot, and I woke up when I heard the words "Hass" from you (which you said upon feeling pain). So I raised my head and said: O Messenger of Allah! Pray for forgiveness for me (for this disrespect). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: You also ask (for what you wish). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) began to ask me about those people of Banu Ghifar who had stayed behind, and I started informing him. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked me: What did those tall, red-complexioned, tightly-curled-haired people do? Or did you say: What did those with short hair do? (This doubt is from Abdur Razzaq.) Those people who have goats on the mountain tops at the place of Sharakh in Hijaz. I remembered that they are from Banu Ghifar. I could not remember well, then I thought of Banu Aslam. I said: O Messenger of Allah! They themselves stayed behind, but what prevented them from sending, in the way of Allah, some active man in their place on one of their camels? I call out to find out who among the Quraysh, Ansar, Banu Aslam, and Banu Ghifar have stayed behind from the emigrants.

(Second chain) It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Rahm Ghafari (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: I began trying to keep my mount behind the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), until sleep overcame me, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: What have those black-skinned, short-statured, tightly-curled-haired people done? I said: By Allah! I do not know such people among my people. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Those people whose goats are at the place of Shabkah Sharakh. Then I remembered that such people are among Banu Ghifar, then I remembered that such people are among Banu Aslam, and they were our allies, so I said: O Messenger of Allah! Those people are from Banu Aslam and they were our allies.

It is narrated from Umar bin Kathir, he says: Ka'b bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) related to me: At the time of the Battle of Tabuk, I was never as well-off in terms of riding animals and expenses as I was then. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) set out, I thought that I would prepare the next day and set out to join him (peace and blessings be upon him). But I became occupied with my tasks until evening came, and I could not free myself from my engagements. I thought, "No matter, I will prepare tomorrow; the people are still nearby, so I will catch up with them." The next day, too, I could not free myself from my tasks until evening. When the third day came, again I was busy with my work and could not finish by evening. I thought, "Now it is too late; the people have already traveled three days," so I postponed my intention to travel and stayed where I was.

When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) returned, people began to come to him and present their excuses. I also came and stood before him (peace and blessings be upon him). I said, "At the time of this expedition, I was never as well-off in terms of riding animals and expenses as I was at any other expedition." (Meaning, I had no valid excuse, but it was negligence.) So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) turned away from me, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered the people that no one should speak to us. And our wives were ordered to stay away from us.

Sayyiduna Ka'b (may Allah be pleased with him) says: During those days, one day I climbed the wall of my garden and saw Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him), and I said, "O Jabir! I ask you by Allah, do you know of any occasion when I deceived Allah and His Messenger?" He heard my words but remained silent and did not speak to me. I was spending my days in this way when one day I heard a man coming from the direction of the mountain pass, calling my name, "Ka'b, Ka'b," until he came near me and said, "Give glad tidings to Ka'b (may Allah be pleased with him)."

It is narrated from Abdur Rahman bin Abdullah bin Ka'b bin Malik that when Allah Almighty accepted the repentance of Sayyiduna Ka'b bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), he came to the service of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: Allah has saved me from this trial solely due to the blessing of speaking the truth. Now, as part of my repentance, I will never lie again, and I will present all my wealth as charity in the service of Allah Almighty and His Messenger. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Keep some of your wealth; it is better for you. He said: Yes, I will keep the share I received from Khaybar.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Uthman bin Abi al-As (may Allah be pleased with him) that when the delegation of Banu Thaqif came to the service of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), he accommodated them in the mosque so that their hearts might become softer towards Islam. They presented this condition before the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) that when the government officials come to them for the collection of zakat, they should not be forced to take their wealth to the place where the official is sitting, but rather the official should come to their place of residence to collect the zakat, and that the tenth part (‘ushr) of their wealth should not be taken from them, and that they should be exempted from the obligation of prayer, and that no outsider should be appointed over them as an official or leader. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: The official for the collection of zakat will come to your place of residence and you will not have to take your wealth to him, and the tenth part of your wealth will not be taken from you, and no man from any tribe other than your own will be appointed over you as an official or leader. But there is no good in a religion in which there is no bowing (i.e., prayer). Sayyiduna Uthman bin Abi al-As (may Allah be pleased with him) requested: O Messenger of Allah! Teach me the Qur’an and appoint me as the imam of my people.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) that the tribe of Banu Sa’d bin Bakr sent Sayyiduna Dhamam bin Tha’labah (may Allah be pleased with him) as their representative to the service of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He came and tied his camel near the door of the mosque and then entered the mosque. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was sitting with his companions. Sayyiduna Dhamam (may Allah be pleased with him) was strong-bodied, had long hair, and had made plaits of his hair. He came close to the companions and stood before the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and asked,“Who among you is Ibn Abdul Muttalib?”The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said,“I am Ibn Abdul Muttalib.”He asked,“Are you Muhammad?”The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) replied,“Yes.”He said,“O Ibn Abdul Muttalib! I am going to ask you some things, and I may be a bit harsh, but you will not mind my words.”The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said,“I will not mind anything, ask whatever you wish.”He said,“I ask you by Allah, Who is your Lord, the Lord of those before you, and the Lord of those who will come after you, has Allah commanded you to order us to worship Allah alone and not associate anything with Him, and to abandon all those idols which our forefathers used to worship along with Allah, and to completely disassociate from them?”The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said,“Yes, Allah is witness to this.”He said,“I ask you by Allah, Who is your Lord, the Lord of those before you, and the Lord of those after you, has Allah commanded you to order us to perform these five daily prayers?”The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said,“Yes! Allah is witness to this as well.”After this, he asked about the obligatory acts of Islam: zakat, fasting, and Hajj, one by one, and regarding the rest of the commands of Islam, and before asking about each obligation, as before, he would make him swear by Allah. After the questions and answers were finished, he said,“I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) is the Messenger of Allah. I will fulfill all these obligations, and I will abstain from all that you (peace and blessings be upon him) have forbidden. Then I will neither add anything to it nor decrease anything from it.”After that, he returned to his camel, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said,“If this man with plaits remains steadfast on his word, he will enter Paradise.”He went to his camel, untied it, and left. When he reached his people, all the people gathered around him. The first thing he said was,“Lat and Uzza are very evil.”The people of the tribe said,“Dhamam! Wait a moment, beware of leprosy, vitiligo, and madness, lest these idols afflict you with such diseases.”He said,“By Allah, neither of these can benefit nor harm. Indeed, Allah has sent His Messenger, and He has revealed to him such a Book, through which Allah has saved you from the misguidance in which you were involved. I bear witness that there is no god but Allah alone, and Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) is His servant and Messenger. I have come to you after meeting him (peace and blessings be upon him), and I have brought to you the commands he has ordered and the prohibitions he has forbidden.”Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that, by Allah, by the evening of that very day, all the men and women of his tribe had accepted Islam. Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) used to say that we have not heard of any representative of a people who was more virtuous than Dhamam bin Tha’labah (may Allah be pleased with him).

Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) reports that on the day Najashi passed away, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) informed us of his death on that very day. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) proceeded towards the place of funeral or the Eid ground, formed rows of his noble companions, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) pronounced four takbirs.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "Today, a righteous man from Abyssinia has passed away, so come and form rows." Thus, we formed rows and the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and we offered the funeral prayer.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that when Abdullah bin Ubayy, the hypocrite, died, his son Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him), who was a Muslim, came to the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: O Messenger of Allah! Grant me your shirt so that I may shroud my father in it, and lead his funeral prayer, and seek forgiveness for him. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave him his shirt and said: Inform me at the time (of the funeral). When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) stepped forward to lead the prayer, Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Allah Almighty has forbidden you from performing the funeral prayer for the hypocrites. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) replied: I have been given a choice; Allah Almighty has said: Whether you seek forgiveness for them or do not seek forgiveness for them. So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) led the funeral prayer, and then Allah Almighty revealed this command: {وَلَا تُصَلِّ عَلٰی أَحَدٍ مِنْہُمْ مَاتَ أَبَدًا} … And never pray the funeral prayer for any of them who dies.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) that when Abdullah bin Ubayy passed away, his son came to the service of the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: O Messenger of Allah! If you do not come for my father's funeral prayer, we will always be taunted for it. So the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) went, and saw that he had already been placed in the grave. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Why did you not call me before placing him in the grave? Then he was taken out from his grave, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) applied his blessed saliva from his head to his feet, and clothed him in his own shirt.