Grading: The hadith is sahih.
Technical note / Defect ('illah): In this chain there is disagreement over the identity of the shaykh of Abd al-Aziz bin Umar bin Abd al-Aziz. The correct view is that he is "Yahya bin Isma'il bin Jarir", not his father (Isma'il). Abu Hatim and Abu Zur'ah in "al-Ilal" (790), and al-Daraqutni in "al-Ilal" (3095), declared this correct. Imam al-Mizzi called it the "mahfuz" (preserved) form in "Tahdhib al-Kamal" (3/56), and Hafiz Ibn Hajar followed him in "Tahdhib al-Tahdhib". Ibn Hibban mentioned Yahya bin Isma'il in "al-Thiqat", while al-Daraqutni says that he is not to be relied upon as proof.

Technical note / Defect ('illah): Some narrators narrated it from Abd al-Aziz bin Umar from Qaz'ah (dropping the intermediary Yahya bin Isma'il from between them), but the correct narration is the one in which the intermediary is mentioned.

Technical note / Defect ('illah): Yahya bin Isma'il is alone in narrating this hadith through Qaz'ah as "marfu'" (a saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)); the correct view is that through his chain it is "mawquf" (a saying of a Companion), although it is established as sahih and marfu' through other chains.

Reference / Source: Abu Dawud (2600) narrated it with the chain of Musaddad, with this same preceding chain.

Reference / Source: Imam Ahmad narrated it at (4957) with the chain Marwan bin Mu'awiyah al-Fazari from Abd al-Aziz bin Umar.

Reference / Source: Imam Ahmad (6199) and al-Nasa'i (10269/4) narrated it via Abu Nu'aym al-Fadl bin Dukayn, and al-Nasa'i via Abdah bin Sulayman and Abu Damrah Anas bin Iyad (10270). All three mentioned from Abd al-Aziz bin Umar the name "Yahya bin Isma'il bin Jarir", not that of his father.

Technical note / Defect ('illah): Al-Nasa'i (10271) narrated it via Isa bin Yunus from Abd al-Aziz bin Umar, in which he named the shaykh "Isma'il bin Muhammad bin Sa'd", and he is alone in mentioning this name.

Technical note / Defect ('illah): Imam Ahmad (4781) narrated it from Waki' bin al-Jarrah, and al-Nasa'i (10272) from Yahya bin Hamzah al-Hadrami, with the chain Abd al-Aziz bin Umar from Qaz'ah (dropping the intermediary), but the correct form is to mention the intermediary, as has passed.

Grading: Its chain is sahih, but it is a "mawquf" narration.
Details of the narration: Qaz'ah says: I was with Ibn Umar; when I left, he saw me off and said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "Luqman the Wise said: When Allah is entrusted with something, He protects it." Then Ibn Umar said: I entrust your religion, your trust and the final outcome of your deeds to Allah, and I send you greetings of peace. This narration is mawquf, but it is established as marfu' through other chains.