المستدرك على الصحيحين
Al Mustadrak ala al‑Sahihayn
كتاب قسم الفيء
Book of the Distribution of Fay
كان رسول الله لا يسأل شيئا إلا أعطاه أو سكت
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was never asked for anything except that he gave it or remained silent
Hadith Number: 2623
حدثنا علي بن حمشاذ العدل وعبد الله بن الحسين القاضي، قالا: حدثنا الحارث بن ابي اسامة، حدثنا روح بن عبادة، حدثنا حماد بن سلمة، عن إسحاق بن عبد الله بن ابي طلحة، عن انس بن مالك: ان هوازن جاءت يوم حنين بالنساء والصبيان، والإبل والغنم، فصفوهم صفوفا ليكثروا على رسول الله ﷺ، فالتقى المسلمون والمشركون، فولى المسلمون مدبرين، كما قال الله، فقال رسول الله ﷺ:"انا عبد الله ورسوله" وقال:"يا معشر الانصار، انا عبد الله ورسوله" فهزم الله المشركين، ولم يطعن برمح ولم يضرب بسيف، فقال النبي ﷺ يومئذ:"من قتل كافرا فله سلبه"، فقتل ابو قتادة يومئذ عشرين رجلا، واخذ اسلابهم، فقال ابو قتادة: يا رسول الله، ضربت رجلا على حبل العاتق وعليه درع له، فاعجلت عنه ان آخذ سلبه، فانظر مع من هو يا رسول الله، فقال رجل: يا رسول الله، انا اخذتها، فارضه منها واعطنيها، فسكت النبي ﷺ، وكان لا يسال شيئا إلا اعطاه او سكت، فقال عمر: لا والله لا يفيء الله على اسد من اسده ويعطيكها، فضحك رسول الله ﷺ (1). حديث صحيح على شرط مسلم، ولم يخرجاه.
[التعليق - من تلخيص الذهبي] ترقيم العلميه 2591 - على شرط مسلم ا
[التعليق - من تلخيص الذهبي] ترقيم العلميه 2591 - على شرط مسلم ا
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) that on the day of the Battle of Hunayn, the tribe of Hawazin (to overawe the Muslims and) to display their great numbers brought along their women, children, camels and goats, and arranged them in rows. When the Muslims and the idolaters met, the Muslims (at first) turned their backs and retreated, as Allah Almighty has said (in the Qur'an). Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said (standing firm): "I am the servant of Allah and His Messenger," and he called out: "O people of the Ansar, I am the servant of Allah and His Messenger." Then Allah defeated the idolaters. That day (because of the enemy's flight) no spear was thrust and no sword was struck (that is, victory came through unseen help). That day the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) laid down this rule: "Whoever kills a disbeliever, the belongings (salab) of the one killed are his." That day Sayyiduna Abu Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him) killed twenty men and took their belongings. Abu Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allah, I struck a man on the vein of his shoulder, and he was wearing a coat of armour, but in my haste I could not take his belongings; please see who has it. A man said: O Messenger of Allah, I have it; please satisfy him (by giving him something) and grant the armour to me. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) remained silent. It was his (peace and blessings be upon him) habit that whenever he was asked for something, he would either give it or remain silent. Then Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said (to that man): No, by Allah! It cannot be that Allah grants spoils to one of His lions (Abu Qatadah) and it is given to (someone like) you. Hearing this, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) laughed.
This hadith is sahih (authentic) on the condition of Imam Muslim, but the two Shaykhs (Bukhari and Muslim) did not record it.
تخریج الحدیث: «إسناده صحيح،إلّا أنَّ قوله هنا عند المصنف: فقتل أبو قتادة يومئذٍ عشرين رجلًا، وهمٌ لا ندري هو من روح أو ممَّن دونه، لأن المحفوظ فيه أنَّ الذي قتل العشرين رجلًا هو أبو طلحة الأنصاري، وأنَّ أبا قتادة إنما قتل رجلًا واحدًا فقط، كما في تتمة الحديث هنا، كذلك رواه سائر ...» [ترقيم الرساله 2623] [ترقيم الشركة 2606] [ترقيم العلميه 2591]
Takhrij and Tahqiq of Hadith No. 2623 of Al Mustadrak ala al‑Sahihayn
by Shaykh Adil Murshid, Dr. Ahmad Barhoum, Dr. Muhammad Kamil Qarah Balli and Dr. Sa'id al-Lahham
Hadith-science notes and terminology
by Shaykh Adil Murshid, Dr. Ahmad Barhoum, Dr. Muhammad Kamil Qarah Balli and Dr. Sa'id al-Lahham
Hadith-science notes and terminology
Grading: Its chain is sahih.
Technical note / Defect ('illah): The words here in the version of the author (al-Hakim), "On that day Abu Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him) killed twenty men", are an error (wahm) (i.e. a slip by a narrator). We do not know whether this error came from the narrator "Rawh" or from a narrator below him, because what is preserved (established) is that the one who killed twenty men was "Abu Talhah al-Ansari" (may Allah be pleased with him), while "Abu Qatadah" (may Allah be pleased with him) killed only one man, as mentioned in the remainder of this same hadith. All the students of Hammad bin Salamah narrated it from him in this way; thus Hammad bin Salamah mentioned both stories, that of Abu Talhah and that of Abu Qatadah, separately.
Technical note / Defect ('illah): The words here in the version of the author (al-Hakim), "On that day Abu Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him) killed twenty men", are an error (wahm) (i.e. a slip by a narrator). We do not know whether this error came from the narrator "Rawh" or from a narrator below him, because what is preserved (established) is that the one who killed twenty men was "Abu Talhah al-Ansari" (may Allah be pleased with him), while "Abu Qatadah" (may Allah be pleased with him) killed only one man, as mentioned in the remainder of this same hadith. All the students of Hammad bin Salamah narrated it from him in this way; thus Hammad bin Salamah mentioned both stories, that of Abu Talhah and that of Abu Qatadah, separately.
(1) إسناده صحيح. إلّا أنَّ قوله هنا عند المصنف: فقتل أبو قتادة يومئذٍ عشرين رجلًا، وهمٌ لا ندري هو من روح أو ممَّن دونه، لأن المحفوظ فيه أنَّ الذي قتل العشرين رجلًا هو أبو طلحة الأنصاري، وأنَّ أبا قتادة إنما قتل رجلًا واحدًا فقط، كما في تتمة الحديث هنا، كذلك رواه سائر أصحاب حماد بن سلمة عنه، فحماد بن سلمة ذكر قصة أبي طلحة وقصة أبي قتادة كلتيهما.
Reference / Source: Imam Ahmad narrated it at (19/ 12131) from Yahya bin Sa'id al-Qattan, at (12236) from Yazid bin Harun, at (20/ 12977) from Bahz bin Asad al-'Ammi, and at (21/ 13975) from 'Affan bin Muslim; Abu Dawud at (2718) from Musa bin Isma'il; and Ibn Hibban at (4836) by way of 'Abd Allah bin al-Mubarak and at (4838) by way of 'Abd al-Wahid bin Ghiyath; all of them narrate it from Hammad bin Salamah.
Details of the narration: The narration of some of them is abridged, mentioning the "salab" (the slain man's belongings) of Abu Talhah and the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "Whoever kills a disbeliever, his salab belongs to him", like the narration of 'Affan from Hammad that will come later at no. (5602).
Details of the narration: The narration of some of them is abridged, mentioning the "salab" (the slain man's belongings) of Abu Talhah and the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "Whoever kills a disbeliever, his salab belongs to him", like the narration of 'Affan from Hammad that will come later at no. (5602).
وأخرجه أحمد (19/ 12131) عن يحيى بن سعيد القطان، و (12236) عن يزيد بن هارون، و (20/ 12977) عن بهز بن أسد العَمِّي، و (21/ 13975) عن عفان بن مسلم، وأبو داود (2718) عن موسى بن إسماعيل، وابن حبان (4836) من طريق عبد الله بن المبارك، و (4838) من طريق عبد الواحد بن غياث، كلهم عن حماد بن سلمة، به. ورواية بعضهم مختصرة بذكر سَلَب أبي طلحة، وقول النبي ﷺ: "من قتل كافرًا فله سَلَبُه"، مثل الرواية الآتية برقم (5602) من طريق عفان عن حماد.
Reference / Source: Imam Ahmad (20/ 13041) and Ibn Hibban (4841) narrated it, confined to this sentence only, by way of Abu Ayyub al-Ifriqi from Ishaq bin 'Abd Allah bin Abi Talhah from Anas, that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said on the day of the Battle of Hunayn: "Whoever alone kills a man, his belongings (salab) are his." So Abu Talhah (may Allah be pleased with him) brought the salab of twenty-one (21) men.
وأخرجه مقتصرًا على هذا الحرف أحمد (20/ 13041)، وابن حبان (4841) من طريق أبي ¤ ¤ أيوب الإفريقي، عن إسحاق بن عبد الله بن أبي طلحة، عن أنس، بلفظ: قال رسول الله ﷺ يوم حنين: "من تفرَّد بدم رجلٍ، فقتله، فله سلبه" فجاء أبو طلحة بسَلَب أحدٍ وعشرين رجلًا.
Details of the narration: This narration will come later in abridged form at no. (4416) by way of al-Hasan al-Basri from Anas, mentioning the Muslims falling back at the start of the Battle of Hunayn, then their turning back, and the descent of divine help.
وسيأتي مختصرًا بذكر فرار المسلمين يوم حنين في أول الغزوة ثم عودتهم ونزول النصر برقم (4416) من طريق الحسن البصري عن أنس.
Details of the narration: Abu Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him) himself narrated at length the story of his killing a man and (at first) not receiving the salab, then obtaining it after testimony, in Ahmad (37/ 22607), al-Bukhari (3142), Muslim (1751), Abu Dawud (2717), al-Tirmidhi (1562) and Ibn Hibban (4805).
Important point: This narration mentions that the one who objected to the man who said, "O Messenger of Allah, I took them, so compensate him (for them)", was "Abu Bakr al-Siddiq" (may Allah be pleased with him), not 'Umar bin al-Khattab. Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar said in "Fath al-Bari" (12/ 570) that this is the preponderant view, because Abu Qatadah is himself the one the story is about, so he knows what happened to him better than others. It is also possible to reconcile the two reports in this way: that 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) also said the same thing in support of Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him). And Allah knows best.
Important point: This narration mentions that the one who objected to the man who said, "O Messenger of Allah, I took them, so compensate him (for them)", was "Abu Bakr al-Siddiq" (may Allah be pleased with him), not 'Umar bin al-Khattab. Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar said in "Fath al-Bari" (12/ 570) that this is the preponderant view, because Abu Qatadah is himself the one the story is about, so he knows what happened to him better than others. It is also possible to reconcile the two reports in this way: that 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) also said the same thing in support of Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him). And Allah knows best.
وقد روى أبو قتادة قصة قتله الرجلَ وفوات سَلَبه عليه، ثم أخذه بعد ذلك بالبينة مطولًا عند أحمد (37/ 22607)، والبخاري (3142)، ومسلم (1751)، وأبي داود (2717)، والترمذي (1562)، وابن حبان (4805)، لكن وقع فيه أنَّ الذي اعترض على الرجل في قوله: يا رسول الله، أنا أخذتها فأرضِه منها، إنما هو أبو بكر الصدِّيق لا عمر بن الخطاب. قال الحافظ في "الفتح" 12/ 570: هو الراجح، لأنَّ أبا قتادة هو صاحب القصة، فهو أتقنُ لما وقع له فيها من غيره. ويحتمل الجمعُ بأن يكون عمر أيضًا قال ذلك تقوية لقول أبي بكر، والله أعلم.
General principle: "Salab" refers to the belongings that one combatant obtains from his matched opponent upon killing him, including the enemy's weapons, clothing, mount and the like.
والسَّلَب: ما يأخذه أحدُ القَرْنَين - يعني النظيرَين - من قَرْنه ممّا يكون معه من سلاح وثياب ودابة وغيرها.
