المستدرك على الصحيحين
Al Mustadrak ala al‑Sahihayn
كتاب : تواريخ المتقدمين من الأنبياء والمرسلين
Book of the Histories of the Earlier Prophets and Messengers
ذكر خالد بن سنان
Mention of Khalid bin Sinan
Hadith Number: 4218
اخبرنا ابو بكر بن إسحاق الفقيه وجعفر بن محمد الخلدي، قالا: حدثنا علي بن عبد العزيز، حدثنا معلى بن مهدي، حدثنا ابو عوانة، عن ابي يونس، عن عكرمة، عن ابن عباس: ان رجلا من بني عبس، يقال: له خالد بن سنان، قال لقومه: إني اطفئ عنكم نار الحدثان، قال: فقال له عمارة بن زياد - رجل من قومه -: والله ما قلت لنا يا خالد قط إلا حقا، فما شانك وشان نار الحدثان تزعم انك تطفئها؟ قال: فانطلق وانطلق معه عمارة بن زياد في ثلاثين من قومه حتى اتوها وهي تخرج من شق جبل من حرة يقال: لها حرة اشجع، فخط لهم خالد خطة فاجلسهم فيها، فقال: إن ابطات عليكم فلا تدعوني باسمي، فخرجت كانها خيل شفر يتبع بعضها بعضا، قال: فاستقبلها خالد فضربها بعصاه وهو يقول: بدا بدا، بدا كل هدى، زعم ابن راعية المعزى اني لا اخرج منها وثيابي تندى، حتى دخل معها الشق، قال: فابطا عليهم، قال: فقال عمارة بن زياد: والله لو كان صاحبكم حيا لقد خرج إليكم بعد، قال: فقالوا: إنه قد نهانا ان ندعوه باسمه، قال: فدعوه باسمه، قال: فخرج إليهم، وقد اخذ براسه، فقال: الم انهكم ان تدعوني باسمي، قد والله قتلتموني فادفنوني، فإذا مرت بكم الحمر فيها حمار ابتر فانبشوني، فإنكم ستجدوني حيا، قال: فدفنوه، فمرت بهم الحمر فيها حمار ابتر، فقلنا: انبشوه، فإنه امرنا ان ننبشه، قال عمارة بن زياد: لا تحدث مضر انا ننبش، موتانا، والله لا ننبشه ابدا، قال: وقد كان اخبرهم ان في عكن امراته لوحين، فإذا اشكل عليكم امر فانظروا فيهما، فإنكم سترون ما تسالون عنه، وقال: لا يمسهما حائض، قال: فلما رجعوا إلى امراته سالوها عنهما، فاخرجتهما وهي حائض، قال: فذهب بما كان فيهما من علم. قال: وقال ابو يونس: قال سماك بن حرب: سئل عنه النبي ﷺ، فقال:"ذاك نبي اضاعه قومه". وقال ابو يونس: قال سماك بن حرب: إن ابن خالد بن سنان اتى النبي ﷺ، فقال:"مرحبا بابن اخي" (1) قال الحاكم:
هذا حديث صحيح على شرط البخاري، فإن ابا يونس هذا الذي روى عن عكرمة هو حاتم بن ابي صغيرة، وقد احتجا جميعا به، واحتج البخاري بجميع ما يصح عن عكرمة. فاما موت خالد بن سنان هكذا فمختلف فيه، فإني سمعت ابا الاصبغ عبد الملك بن نصر وابا عثمان سعيد بن نصر وابا عبد الله بن صالح المعافري الاندلسيين - وجماعتهم عندي ثقات - يذكرون ان بينهم وبين القيروان بحر في وسطها جبل عظيم لا يصعده احد، وإن طريقها في البحر على الجبل، وإنهم راوا في اعلى الجبل في غار هناك رجلا عليه صوف ابيض محتبيا في صوف ابيض، وراسه على يديه، كانه نائم لم يتغير منه شيء، وإن جماعة اهل الناحية يشهدون انه خالد بن سنان، والله اعلم (1). ﷽ ذكر اخبار سيد المرسلين وخاتم النبيين محمد بن عبد الله بن عبد المطلب المصطفى، صلوات الله عليه وعلى آله الطاهرين، من وقت ولادته إلى وقت وفاته، ما يصح منها على ما رسمنا في الكتاب، لا على ما اجرينا عليه اخبار الانبياء قبله، إذ لم نجد السبيل إليها إلا على الشرط في اول الكتاب
هذا حديث صحيح على شرط البخاري، فإن ابا يونس هذا الذي روى عن عكرمة هو حاتم بن ابي صغيرة، وقد احتجا جميعا به، واحتج البخاري بجميع ما يصح عن عكرمة. فاما موت خالد بن سنان هكذا فمختلف فيه، فإني سمعت ابا الاصبغ عبد الملك بن نصر وابا عثمان سعيد بن نصر وابا عبد الله بن صالح المعافري الاندلسيين - وجماعتهم عندي ثقات - يذكرون ان بينهم وبين القيروان بحر في وسطها جبل عظيم لا يصعده احد، وإن طريقها في البحر على الجبل، وإنهم راوا في اعلى الجبل في غار هناك رجلا عليه صوف ابيض محتبيا في صوف ابيض، وراسه على يديه، كانه نائم لم يتغير منه شيء، وإن جماعة اهل الناحية يشهدون انه خالد بن سنان، والله اعلم (1). ﷽ ذكر اخبار سيد المرسلين وخاتم النبيين محمد بن عبد الله بن عبد المطلب المصطفى، صلوات الله عليه وعلى آله الطاهرين، من وقت ولادته إلى وقت وفاته، ما يصح منها على ما رسمنا في الكتاب، لا على ما اجرينا عليه اخبار الانبياء قبله، إذ لم نجد السبيل إليها إلا على الشرط في اول الكتاب
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that a man of the Banu Abs, who was called Khalid bin Sinan, said to his people: I will extinguish the "Nar al-Hadathan" (a fire that was a calamity) for you. A man of his people, Umarah bin Ziyad, said: By Allah, O Khalid! You have always told us nothing but the truth, but what is this matter between you and this fire which you claim you will extinguish? So he set off, and Umarah bin Ziyad went with him taking thirty men of his people, until they reached that fire, which was coming out of a cleft in a mountain at a place called "Harrat Ashja'". Khalid drew a line around them and seated them there, and said: If I am late in returning to you, do not call me by my name. Then the fire began to come out like the manes of horses following one another. Khalid went towards it and began striking it with his staff while saying: "It has appeared, it has appeared, every guidance has appeared; the son of the goat-herdess claimed that I would not come out of this fire with my clothes wet (with water)", until he entered the cleft along with the fire. When he was late, Umarah bin Ziyad said: By Allah, if your companion were alive, he would have come out by now. The people said: He forbade us to call him by his name. But Umarah called him by his name, and he came out holding his head. He said: Did I not forbid you to call me by my name? By Allah, you have killed me. Now bury me, and when a herd of donkeys passes by you in which there is a donkey with a docked tail, dig up my grave; you will find me alive. So they buried him. Then when the herd of donkeys passed in which there was a donkey with a docked tail, the people said: Dig up his grave, for he commanded us to do this. But Umarah bin Ziyad said: Let it not be talked about among the tribe of Mudar that we dig up the graves of our dead. By Allah, we will never dig it up. Khalid bin Sinan had also told them that his wife had two tablets in the cloth of a camel-litter; whenever a matter seems difficult to you, look into them, and you will find the answer to your question. He had also said that no menstruating woman should touch them. When they returned and asked his wife about those tablets, she took them out while she was menstruating, because of which all the knowledge that was in them was lost. Simak bin Harb narrates that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was asked about him, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "He was a prophet whom his people neglected." And it is also narrated from Simak bin Harb that the son of Khalid bin Sinan came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Welcome to my nephew."
This hadith is sahih (authentic) on the condition of Imam Bukhari, because Abu Yunus, who narrated from Ikrimah, is Hatim bin Abi Saghirah, and both Shaykhs used him as evidence, and Imam Bukhari used as evidence every narration that is authentically established from Ikrimah. As for Khalid bin Sinan's death in this manner, there is a difference of opinion about it. I heard Abu al-Asbagh Abd al-Malik bin Nasr, Abu Uthman Sa'id bin Nasr and Abu Abdullah bin Salih al-Ma'afiri al-Andalusi (and all of them are trustworthy in my view) mentioning that between them and Qayrawan there is a great mountain in the sea which no one can climb, and that its route goes over the sea by way of the mountain. They saw at the top of that mountain, in a cave, a man wearing white woollen clothing and sitting with his knees drawn up, wrapped in white wool, his head resting on his hands as if he were asleep, and no change had come over his body. A group of the people of that region testify that he is Khalid bin Sinan, and Allah knows best. In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Now follows the mention of the accounts of the leader of the messengers and the seal of the prophets, Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Abd al-Muttalib al-Mustafa, may the blessings of Allah be upon him and upon his pure family, from his birth until his death: those accounts that are authentically established according to the standard of this book of ours, not like the reports we mentioned about the prophets before him, since we found no way of reaching those other than the conditions at the beginning of this book.
تخریج الحدیث: «إسناده ضعيف ومتنه منكر، أبو يونس قال عنه الإمام أحمد: لا أعرفه. قلنا: وعلى فرض صحة كونه حاتم بن أبي صَغِيرة، كما جزم به المصنِّف ومن قبله الطبراني، فإنه لم يسمع من عكرمة شيئًا كما جزم به ابن مَعِين. وقد أخرج الطبراني في "الكبير" (11793) هذا الخبر عن علي بن ...» [ترقيم الرساله 4218] [ترقيم الشركة 4195]
Takhrij and Tahqiq of Hadith No. 4218 of Al Mustadrak ala al‑Sahihayn
by Shaykh Adil Murshid, Dr. Ahmad Barhoum, Dr. Muhammad Kamil Qarah Balli and Dr. Sa'id al-Lahham
Hadith-science notes and terminology
by Shaykh Adil Murshid, Dr. Ahmad Barhoum, Dr. Muhammad Kamil Qarah Balli and Dr. Sa'id al-Lahham
Hadith-science notes and terminology
Grading: Its chain is weak and its matn is munkar.
Technical note / Defect ('illah): Imam Ahmad said about the narrator Abu Yunus: "I do not know him." We say: even supposing he is Hatim bin Abi Saghirah (as the author (al-Hakim) stated firmly, and al-Tabarani before him), he did not hear anything from 'Ikrimah, as Ibn Ma'in stated firmly.
Reference / Source: Al-Tabarani recorded this report in "al-Kabir" (11793) from 'Ali bin 'Abd al-'Aziz and Khalaf bin 'Amr al-'Ukbari, from Mu'alla bin Mahdi, and added in its chain a man between Abu Yunus and 'Ikrimah, namely Simak bin Harb.
Technical note / Defect ('illah): Imam Ahmad said about the narrator Abu Yunus: "I do not know him." We say: even supposing he is Hatim bin Abi Saghirah (as the author (al-Hakim) stated firmly, and al-Tabarani before him), he did not hear anything from 'Ikrimah, as Ibn Ma'in stated firmly.
Reference / Source: Al-Tabarani recorded this report in "al-Kabir" (11793) from 'Ali bin 'Abd al-'Aziz and Khalaf bin 'Amr al-'Ukbari, from Mu'alla bin Mahdi, and added in its chain a man between Abu Yunus and 'Ikrimah, namely Simak bin Harb.
(1) إسناده ضعيف ومتنه منكر، أبو يونس قال عنه الإمام أحمد: لا أعرفه. قلنا: وعلى فرض صحة كونه حاتم بن أبي صَغِيرة، كما جزم به المصنِّف ومن قبله الطبراني، فإنه لم يسمع من عكرمة شيئًا كما جزم به ابن مَعِين. وقد أخرج الطبراني في "الكبير" (11793) هذا الخبر عن علي بن عبد العزيز وخلف بن عمرو العُكبَري، عن معلّى بن مهدي، فزاد في إسناده بين أبي يونس وبين عكرمة رجلًا هو سماك بن حرب.
Reference / Source: It was recorded by Abu Ya'la al-Mawsili (as in Ibn Kathir's "al-Bidayah wa-l-Nihayah" 3/249) and by 'Ali bin al-Husayn bin al-Junayd (in Abu Sa'id al-Naqqash's "Funun al-'Aja'ib" (27)), both narrating it from Mu'alla bin Mahdi without mentioning Simak. Likewise Sulayman bin Ayyub bin Sulayman, the companion of al-Basri, narrated it from Abu 'Awanah (in 'Umar bin Shabbah's "Tarikh al-Madinah" 2/421) and did not mention Simak in its chain.
وقد أخرجه أبو يعلى الموصلي كما في "البداية والنهاية" لابن كثير 3/ 249، وعلي بن الحسين بن الجُنيد عند أبي سعيد النقاش في "فنون العجائب" (27)، كلاهما يرويه عن معلَّى بن مهدي دون ذكر سماك فيه، وكذلك رواه سليمان بن أيوب بن سليمان صاحب البصري عن أبي عوانة عند عمر بن شبة في "تاريخ المدينة" 2/ 421، فلم يذكر في إسناده سماكًا.
Technical note / Defect ('illah): Even supposing the mention of Simak in the chain is established, Simak's narration from 'Ikrimah is "mudtarib" (inconsistent), as more than one scholar has pointed out.
Important point: Moreover, this report is mawquf on Ibn 'Abbas and is "munkar" because it contradicts the agreed-upon hadith of Abu Hurayrah (al-Bukhari (3443), Muslim (2365)), who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "I am the closest of people to the son of Maryam; the prophets are paternal half-brothers, and there is no prophet between me and him." This was pointed out by Ibn Kathir and al-Hafiz al-'Iraqi in "Dhayl Mizan al-I'tidal" in the biography of the Abu Yunus mentioned, and others.
Important point: Moreover, this report is mawquf on Ibn 'Abbas and is "munkar" because it contradicts the agreed-upon hadith of Abu Hurayrah (al-Bukhari (3443), Muslim (2365)), who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "I am the closest of people to the son of Maryam; the prophets are paternal half-brothers, and there is no prophet between me and him." This was pointed out by Ibn Kathir and al-Hafiz al-'Iraqi in "Dhayl Mizan al-I'tidal" in the biography of the Abu Yunus mentioned, and others.
وعلى فرض ثبوت ذكر سماك في الإسناد، فإنَّ في رواية سماك عن عكرمة اضطرابًا كما نبه عليه غير واحد من أهل العلم، على أن هذا الخبر موقوف على ابن عبّاس، وهو منكرٌ من جهة مخالفته لحديث أبي هريرة المتفق عليه عند البخاري (3443)، ومسلم (2365) قال: سمعت رسول الله ﷺ يقول: "أنا أَولى الناس بابن مريم، والأنبياء أولاد عَلّات، وليس بيني وبينه نبيٌّ"، كما أفاده ابن كثير، والحافظ العراقي في "ذيل ميزان الاعتدال" في ترجمة أبي يونس المذكور، وغيرهما.
Grading: The two hafizes, al-Haythami in "Majma' al-Zawa'id" 8/214 and Ibn Hajar in "al-Isabah" 2/373, declared this report weak because of Mu'alla bin Mahdi, on the grounds that Abu Hatim declared him weak.
Technical note / Defect ('illah): However, their weakening of it on that ground is not accepted, because Sulayman bin Ayyub, the companion of al-Basri, corroborated his narration, as mentioned above. Its weakness rather comes from its munkar text and the unknown status of Abu Yunus in its chain. And Allah knows best.
Technical note / Defect ('illah): However, their weakening of it on that ground is not accepted, because Sulayman bin Ayyub, the companion of al-Basri, corroborated his narration, as mentioned above. Its weakness rather comes from its munkar text and the unknown status of Abu Yunus in its chain. And Allah knows best.
وقد ضعَّف هذا الخبر الحافظان الهيثمي في "المجمع" 8/ 214، وابن حجر في "الإصابة" 2/ 373 بمعلَّى بن مهدي، وأنَّ أبا حاتم ضعَّفه، ولا يُسلّم لهما تضعيفه بذلك، لمتابعة سليمان بن أيوب صاحب البصري له على روايته كما تقدم، وإنما ضعفُه من جهة نكارته وجهالة أبي يونس في إسناده، والله تعالى أعلم.
Details of the narration: His words "That was a prophet whom his people lost" and "Welcome, son of my brother" have other routes:
ولقوله: "ذاك نبيٌّ ضيَّعه قومُه"، وقوله: "مرحبًا بابن أخي" طرق أخرى:
Reference / Source: It was recorded by al-Bazzar (5091), al-Tabarani in "al-Kabir" (12250), Ibn 'Adi in "al-Kamil" 6/46 and Abu Nu'aym in "Tarikh Asbahan" 2/178 via Qays bin al-Rabi', from Salim bin 'Ajlan al-Aftas, from Sa'id bin Jubayr, from Ibn 'Abbas.
Technical note / Defect ('illah): Besides the munkar nature of its text (as it contradicts the hadith of Abu Hurayrah mentioned above), this narration contains Qays bin al-Rabi', who is not very strong. He was contradicted by the trustworthy hafiz Sufyan al-Thawri (in Ibn Abi Shaybah 12/200 and 'Umar bin Shabbah's "Tarikh al-Madinah" 2/421), who narrated it from Salim al-Aftas, from Sa'id bin Jubayr, as "mursal," and that is the "mahfuz" (well-established) version.
Technical note / Defect ('illah): Besides the munkar nature of its text (as it contradicts the hadith of Abu Hurayrah mentioned above), this narration contains Qays bin al-Rabi', who is not very strong. He was contradicted by the trustworthy hafiz Sufyan al-Thawri (in Ibn Abi Shaybah 12/200 and 'Umar bin Shabbah's "Tarikh al-Madinah" 2/421), who narrated it from Salim al-Aftas, from Sa'id bin Jubayr, as "mursal," and that is the "mahfuz" (well-established) version.
فقد أخرجه البزار (5091)، والطبراني في "الكبير" (12250)، وابن عدي في "الكامل" 6/ 46، وأبو نُعيم في "تاريخ أصبهان" 2/ 178 من طريق قيس بن الربيع، عن سالم بن عجلان الأفطس، عن سعيد بن جُبَير، عن ابن عبّاس. وهذا مع ما فيه من نكارته لمخالفته لحديث أبي هريرة الذي تقدم ذكره، فيه قيس بن الربيع وليس بذاك القوي، وخالفه الحافظُ الثقةُ سفيان الثوري عند ابن أبي شَيْبة 12/ 200، وعمر بن شبة في "تاريخ المدينة" 2/ 421، فرواه عن سالم الأفطس عن سعيد بن جُبَير مرسلًا، فهو المحفوظ.
Reference / Source: It was recorded by 'Umar bin Shabbah 2/423 via Hisham bin Muhammad bin al-Sa'ib al-Kalbi, and by Abu Tahir in "al-Mukhallisiyyat" (815) via al-Fadl bin Musa al-Sinani, both from Muhammad bin al-Sa'ib al-Kalbi, from Abu Salih Badham, from Ibn 'Abbas (al-Sinani added in his narration: from 'A'ishah).
Technical note / Defect ('illah): Hisham al-Kalbi and his father are both "matruk" (abandoned), and Abu Salih Badham is weak; among the narrators below al-Fadl al-Sinani there is an unknown one. It was also recorded by 'Umar bin Shabbah 2/420 from Yusuf bin 'Atiyyah al-Saffar, from Thabit, from Anas, as marfu', and this Yusuf is "matruk al-hadith."
Technical note / Defect ('illah): Hisham al-Kalbi and his father are both "matruk" (abandoned), and Abu Salih Badham is weak; among the narrators below al-Fadl al-Sinani there is an unknown one. It was also recorded by 'Umar bin Shabbah 2/420 from Yusuf bin 'Atiyyah al-Saffar, from Thabit, from Anas, as marfu', and this Yusuf is "matruk al-hadith."
وأخرجه عمر بن شبة 2/ 423 من طريق هشام بن محمد بن السائب الكلبي، وأبو طاهر في "المخلصيات" (815) من طريق الفضل بن موسى السِّيناني، كلاهما عن محمد بن السائب الكلبي، عن أبي صالح باذام، عن ابن عبّاس. زاد السيناني في روايته عن عائشة. وهشام الكلبي وأبوه متروكان، وأبو صالح باذام ضعيف. وفيمن دون الفضل السيناني مجهولٌ. وأخرجه عمر بن شبة 2/ 420 عن يوسف بن عطية الصَّفّار، عن ثابت، عن أنس، مرفوعًا. ويوسف هذا متروك الحديث.
Reference / Source: It was recorded by Ibn Sa'd in "al-Tabaqat" 1/256 from Muhammad bin 'Umar al-Waqidi, from 'Ali bin Muslim al-Laythi, from al-Maqburi, from Abu Hurayrah, as marfu'.
Technical note / Defect ('illah): Al-Waqidi is alone in narrating it, and he is not a proof in what he alone narrates.
Technical note / Defect ('illah): Al-Waqidi is alone in narrating it, and he is not a proof in what he alone narrates.
وأخرجه ابن سعد في "الطبقات" 1/ 256 عن محمد بن عمر الواقدي، عن علي بن مسلم الليثي، عن المقبري، عن أبي هريرة، مرفوعًا، وانفرد به الواقدي، وليس بحجة فيما ينفرد به.
Note / Clarification: Other maqtu' and mursal reports have been narrated about his (Khalid bin Sinan's) prophethood with chains that do not establish proof; see most of them in 'Umar bin Shabbah's "Tarikh al-Madinah" 2/424-433.
وقد رُوي في نبوته أخبار أخرى مقطوعة ومرسلة بأسانيد لا تقوم بها الحجة، انظر غالبها في "تاريخ المدينة" لعمر بن شَبَّة 2/ 424 - 433.
Important point: Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar said in "al-Isabah" 2/373: "The testimony of the people of that region to this is rejected, for how far are the lands of 'Abs from the mountains of the Maghrib!" (i.e. it is geographically impossible).
(1) قال الحافظ ابن حجر في "الإصابة" 2/ 373: شهادة أهل تلك الناحية بذلك مردودة، فأين بلاد عبس من جبال المغرب؟!