المستدرك على الصحيحين
Al Mustadrak ala al‑Sahihayn
كتاب معرفة الصحابة رضي الله تعالى عنهم
Book of Knowing the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them)
إخبار الراهب بخروج نبينا صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم
A monk foretelling the appearance of our Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)
Hadith Number: 5686
حدثنا ابو عبد الله محمد بن احمد بن بطة، حدثنا الحسن بن جهم، حدثنا الحسين بن الفرج، حدثنا محمد بن عمر، عن الضحاك بن عثمان، حدثه مخرمة بن سليمان الوالبي، عن إبراهيم بن محمد بن طلحة، قال: قال طلحة بن عبيد الله: حضرت سوق بصرى، فإذا راهب في صومعته يقول: سلوا اهل هذا الموسم: افيهم احد من اهل الحرم؟ قال طلحة: قلت: نعم، انا، فقال: هل ظهر احمد بعد؟ قال قلت: ومن احمد؟ قال: ابن عبد الله بن عبد المطلب، هذا شهره الذي يخرج فيه، وهو آخر الانبياء، مخرجه من الحرم ومهاجره إلى نخل وحرة وسباخ، فإياك ان تسبق إليه، قال طلحة: فوقع في قلبي ما قال، فخرجت سريعا حتى قدمت مكة، فقلت: هل كان من حدث؟ قالوا: نعم، محمد بن عبد الله الامين تنبا وقد تبعه ابن ابي قحافة، قال: فخرجت حتى دخلت على ابي بكر، فقلت: اتبعت هذا الرجل؟ قال: نعم، فانطلق إليه فادخل عليه فاتبعه، فإنه يدعو إلى الحق، فاخبره طلحة بما قال الراهب، فخرج ابو بكر بطلحة، فدخل به على رسول الله ﷺ، فاسلم، طلحة، واخبر رسول الله ﷺ بما قال الراهب، فسر رسول الله ﷺ، فلما اسلم ابو بكر وطلحة اخذهما نوفل بن خويلد بن العدوية فشدهما في حبل واحد، ولم يمنعهما بنو تيم، وكان نوفل بن خويلد يدعى اسد قريش، فلذلك سمي ابو بكر وطلحة القرينين. ولم يشهد طلحة بن عبيد الله بدرا، وذلك ان رسول الله ﷺ كان وجهه وسعيد بن زيد يتحسسان خبر العير، فانصرفا وقد فرغ رسول الله ﷺ من قتال من لقيه من المشركين، فلقياه بتربان (1) فيما بين ملل (2) وسيالة على المحبة منصرفا من بدر، ولكنه شهد احدا وغير ذلك من المشاهد مع رسول الله ﷺ، وكان ممن ثبت مع رسول الله ﷺ يوم احد حين ولى الناس وبايعه على الموت، ورمى مالك بن زهير رسول الله ﷺ يومئذ فاتقى طلحة بيده وجه رسول الله ﷺ فاصاب خنصره فشلت، فقال: حس حس، حين اصابته الرمية، فذكر ان رسول الله ﷺ قال:"لو قال: باسم الله، لدخل الجنة والناس ينظرون"، وضرب طلحة يومئذ في راسه المصلبة (1)، ضربه رجل من المشركين ضربتين: ضربة وهو مقبل، وضربة وهو معرض عنه، وكان ضرار بن الخطاب الفهري يقول: انا والله ضربته يومئذ (2).
It is narrated from Ibrahim bin Muhammad bin Talhah that Sayyiduna Talhah bin Ubaydullah (may Allah be pleased with him) related: I was present at the market of Busra when a monk in his hermitage was calling out: "Ask the people of this fair whether there is anyone among them from the people of the Haram (Makkah)." I said: "Yes, I am." He asked: "Has Ahmad appeared yet?" I said: "Who is Ahmad?" He said: "The son of Abdullah bin Abd al-Muttalib. This is the month of his appearance. He is the last of the prophets; he will come forth from the Haram and will emigrate to a land of date palms, rocky ground and saline soil. So be among the first to reach him, and let no one get ahead of you." Sayyiduna Talhah (may Allah be pleased with him) says: His words settled in my heart. I set out quickly until I reached Makkah and asked: "Has anything new happened here?" The people said: "Yes, Muhammad bin Abdullah al-Amin has claimed prophethood, and Ibn Abi Quhafah (Sayyiduna Abu Bakr) has become his follower." I left and went to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and asked: "Have you followed this man?" He said: "Yes. You too should go to him, present yourself before him and follow him, for he calls to the truth." Then Sayyiduna Talhah (may Allah be pleased with him) told him what the monk had said. So Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) took him along and presented himself before the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and Sayyiduna Talhah (may Allah be pleased with him) accepted Islam. He told the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) what the monk had said, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was very pleased by it. When Sayyiduna Abu Bakr and Talhah (may Allah be pleased with them both) accepted Islam, Nawfal bin Khuwaylid bin al-Adawiyyah seized them and bound them together in a single rope, and the tribe of Banu Taym did not protect them (from this oppression). Nawfal bin Khuwaylid used to be called "the Lion of Quraysh", and for this reason Sayyiduna Abu Bakr and Talhah (may Allah be pleased with them both) are called "al-Qarinayn" (the two bound together). Sayyiduna Talhah bin Ubaydullah (may Allah be pleased with him) could not take part in the Battle of Badr. The reason was that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had sent him and Sayyiduna Sa'id bin Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him) to gather news of the caravan (of Quraysh). The two of them returned when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had already finished fighting the polytheists. Then they met the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) on his way back from Badr at a place called "Turban", between Malal and Sayalah. But he took part in the Battle of Uhud and in all the other battles alongside the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He was among those devoted ones who stood firm with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) on the day of Uhud when the people scattered, and he pledged allegiance to him (peace and blessings be upon him) unto death. On that day Malik bin Zuhayr shot (an arrow) at the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and Sayyiduna Talhah (may Allah be pleased with him) shielded the face of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) with his hand. The arrow struck his little finger and it became paralysed. When the arrow struck him, these words came from his tongue: 'Hass, hass' (a cry of pain). It is mentioned that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Had he said 'Bismillah' (In the name of Allah) (at the moment of pain), he would have entered Paradise (in that very state) while the people were watching him." On that day Sayyiduna Talhah (may Allah be pleased with him) received two blows on his head; a polytheist struck him twice: once when he was facing him and once when he was turning away. And Dirar bin al-Khattab al-Fihri used to say: "By Allah! It was I who struck him that day."
تخریج الحدیث: «إسناده ضعيف، تفرد به محمد بن عمر الواقدي متكلَّم فيه، وقد تفرَّد به، ولا يحتج بما يتفرد به، ثم إنه مرسل، إبراهيم بن محمد بن طلحة لم يدرك جدّه.» [ترقيم الرساله 5686] [ترقيم الشركة 5632]
Takhrij and Tahqiq of Hadith No. 5686 of Al Mustadrak ala al‑Sahihayn
by Shaykh Adil Murshid, Dr. Ahmad Barhoum, Dr. Muhammad Kamil Qarah Balli and Dr. Sa'id al-Lahham
Hadith-science notes and terminology
by Shaykh Adil Murshid, Dr. Ahmad Barhoum, Dr. Muhammad Kamil Qarah Balli and Dr. Sa'id al-Lahham
Hadith-science notes and terminology
Note / Clarification: (1) In manuscripts (S) and (M) this is corrupted into "Batraman". "Turban" is a valley among the tributaries of Wadi Malal; it starts from "Thanaya Mufrihat" at (24) kilometres, then flows south-west until it empties into "Farsh Malal". The road from Madinah to Makkah follows it from its head to its mouth. See 'Atiq bin Ghayth's "Mu'jam al-Ma'alim al-Jughrafiyyah fi al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah" pp. 61 - 62.
(1) تحرَّف في (ص) و (م) إلى: بترمان، وتُرْبان: وادٍ من روافد وادي مَلَل، يأخُذ من ثنايا مفرحات على (24) كيلًا ثم يدفع جنوبًا غربيًا حتى يصبّ في فرش مَلَل، يأخذه الطريق من المدينة إلى مكة من رأسِه إلى مَصبِّه. انظر "معجم المعالم الجغرافية في السيرة النبوية" لعاتق بن غيث ص 61 - 62.
Note / Clarification: (2) In the manuscripts this is corrupted into "Talal", except that in manuscript (B) the ta' is dotted (za'). The correct text has been established from "Maghazi al-Waqidi" 1/ 20, "Tabaqat Ibn Sa'd" 3/ 198, and books on places such as "Mu'jam al-Buldan" 5/ 194. "Malal" is a valley that descends from the mountains of Quds and passes about forty kilometres south of Madinah. See al-Biladi's "Mu'jam al-Ma'alim al-Jughrafiyyah" p. 209.
(2) تحرَّف في النسخ الخطية إلى: طلل، غير أنَّ الطاء أُعجمت في (ب)، والتصويب من "مغازي الواقدي" 1/ 20، ومن "طبقات ابن سعد" 3/ 198، ومن كتب البلدان مثل "معجم البلدان" 5/ 194. ومَلَل: وادٍ ينقضّ من جبال قُدْس، فيمر على نحو من أربعين كيلًا جنوب المدينة. انظر "معجم المعالم الجغرافية" للبلادي ص 209.
Note / Clarification: "Sayalah" was a stopping place of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), which pilgrims later took as a stopping place. Its name was changed to "Bi'ar al-Safa" (the wells of the rock) because its wells are carved into rock; it is also called "Bi'r Marzuq". It lies (47) kilometres from Madinah on the road that passes through Turban. See "Mu'jam al-Ma'alim al-Jughrafiyyah" p. 164.
وسَيَالة: محطة لرسول الله ﷺ، ثم اتخذها الحاجُّ محطّة، غُيِّر اسمُها فسميت بئار الصفا، لأنَّ آبارها منحوتة في صخر، وقد أُطلق عليها بئر مرزوق، تبعد (47) كيلًا عن المدينة على الطريق الذي مرَّ في تربان. انظر "معجم المعالم الجغرافية" ص 164.
Note / Clarification: (1) That is, the two blows on his head together formed the shape of a cross.
(1) أي: صارت الضربتان في رأسِه تُشكِّلان صَلِيبًا.
Grading: (2) Its chain is da'if (weak).
Technical note / Defect ('illah): Muhammad bin 'Umar al-Waqidi, who is "mutakallam fihi" (criticised), is alone in narrating it, and what he alone narrates is not accepted as proof. Moreover it is "mursal", since Ibrahim bin Muhammad bin Talhah did not meet his grandfather.
Technical note / Defect ('illah): Muhammad bin 'Umar al-Waqidi, who is "mutakallam fihi" (criticised), is alone in narrating it, and what he alone narrates is not accepted as proof. Moreover it is "mursal", since Ibrahim bin Muhammad bin Talhah did not meet his grandfather.
(2) إسناده ضعيف، تفرد به محمد بن عمر الواقدي متكلَّم فيه، وقد تفرَّد به، ولا يحتج بما يتفرد به، ثم إنه مرسل، إبراهيم بن محمد بن طلحة لم يدرك جدّه.
Reference / Source: Al-Bayhaqi narrated it in "Dala'il al-Nubuwwah" 2/ 165 from Abu 'Abdullah al-Hakim, with this chain.
Details of the narration: It is abridged to the first story, up to his words: "For that reason Abu Bakr and Talhah were called al-Qarinayn (the two companions)."
Details of the narration: It is abridged to the first story, up to his words: "For that reason Abu Bakr and Talhah were called al-Qarinayn (the two companions)."
وأخرجه البيهقي في "دلائل النبوة" 2/ 165 عن أبي عبد الله الحاكم، بهذا الإسناد. مختصرًا بالقصة الأولى إلى قوله: ولذلك سمّي أبو بكر وطلحة القرينين.
Reference / Source: It is found with Ibn Sa'd in his "Tabaqat" 3/ 196 from Muhammad bin 'Umar al-Waqidi, likewise with the first story.
وهو عند ابن سعد في "طبقاته" 3/ 196 عن محمد بن عمر الواقدي، به بالقصة الأولى كذلك.
Reference / Source: Al-Bayhaqi 2/ 166 - 167 narrated it via 'Ubaydullah bin Ishaq al-Talhi, from Muhammad bin 'Umar al-Waqidi, also to the extent mentioned.
وأخرجه البيهقي 2/ 166 - 167 من طريق عبيد الله بن إسحاق الطلحي، عن محمد بن عمر الواقدي، به بالقدر المذكور أيضًا.
Important point: As for the injury to Talhah's hand on the day of Uhud, it is established by the hadith of Qays bin Abi Hazim, who said: I saw Talhah's paralysed hand with which he shielded the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) on the day of Uhud. Ahmad 3/ (1385) and al-Bukhari (3724) narrated it.
أما إصابة يد طلحة يوم أُحد فثابتٌ من حديث قيس بن أبي حازم، قال: رأيت طلحة يدَه شَلّاءَ وقى بها رسولَ الله ﷺ يوم أُحُدٍ. أخرجه أحمد 3/ (1385)، والبخاري (3724).
Note / Clarification: (1) From his words "wa quwwimat" up to here is present in manuscripts (Z) and (B), and it is also present in "Tabaqat Ibn Sa'd" 3/ 203, but it does not appear in manuscripts (S) and (M); in manuscript (Z) it is marked with the deletion sign (la - ila).
(1) من قوله: وقُوِّمت، إلى هنا ثبت في (ز) و (ب)، وهو ثابت في "طبقات ابن سعد" 3/ 203، ولم يرد في (ص) و (م)، وأشير إليه في (ز) بإشارة الحذف: لا - إلى.
Grading: (2) Its chain is "da'if jiddan" (very weak) because of Ibn 'Umar (al-Waqidi); he is not relied upon in what he alone narrates, and his shaykh Ishaq bin Yahya (Ibn Talhah bin 'Ubaydullah) is also "da'if jiddan".
(2) إسناده ضعيفٌ جدًّا من أجل ابن عمر - وهو الواقدي - فليس هو بعمدة فيما يتفرد به، وشيخُه إسحاق بن يحيى - وهو ابن طلحة بن عُبيد الله - ضعيفٌ جدًّا.
Reference / Source: It is in "Tabaqat Ibn Sa'd" 3/ 203, from Muhammad bin 'Umar al-Waqidi.
Technical note / Defect ('illah): Except that his narration has: "And in the hand of his treasurer were two million two hundred thousand dirhams". And he did not mention "wa kana fima dhukira jawadan …" (and he was, as mentioned, generous) to the end. There is disagreement about Talhah's age at his death; the age given here was narrated with a chain by al-Waqidi (in Tabaqat Ibn Sa'd 3/ 205) from Ishaq bin Yahya bin Talhah bin 'Ubaydullah, from 'Isa bin Talhah.
Technical note / Defect ('illah): Except that his narration has: "And in the hand of his treasurer were two million two hundred thousand dirhams". And he did not mention "wa kana fima dhukira jawadan …" (and he was, as mentioned, generous) to the end. There is disagreement about Talhah's age at his death; the age given here was narrated with a chain by al-Waqidi (in Tabaqat Ibn Sa'd 3/ 205) from Ishaq bin Yahya bin Talhah bin 'Ubaydullah, from 'Isa bin Talhah.
وهو في "طبقات ابن سعد" 3/ 203، عن محمد بن عمر الواقدي، به غير أنه جاء في روايته: وفي يد خازنه ألفا ألف درهم ومئتا ألف درهم، ولم يذكر فيه: وكان فيما ذُكر جوادًا … إلى آخره. وقد اختُلف في سنِّ طلحة يومَ توفي، فهذا الذي وقع هنا أسنده الواقدي كما في "طبقات ابن سعد" 3/ 205 عن إسحاق بن يحيى بن طلحة بن عبيد الله عن عيسى بن طلحة.
Important point: It is said that his age at death was sixty (60), and it is said he was sixty-four (64) (as al-Waqidi also narrated with a chain after it), and this is the most correct (asahh) view. It agrees with the narration (number 5680) that Talhah and al-Zubayr bin al-'Awwam were of the same age, and both were killed on the day of the Camel, and al-Zubayr's age at his death was sixty-four (64), as has passed.
وقيل: سنُّه يوم مات ستون سنة، وقيل: كان ابن أربع وستين كما أسنده الواقدي أيضًا بعده، وهذا أصح ما قيل في ذلك، وهو يوافق ما تقدَّم برقم (5680) أنَّ طلحة كان والزبير بن العَوَّام في سنٍّ واحدٍ، وكلاهما قُتِل يوم الجمل، وسنُّ الزبير يوم مات كان أربعًا وستين سنة كما تقدَّم.
Hadith Number: 5686M1
فقال ابن عمر: وكان طلحة يكنى ابا محمد، وامه الصعبة ابنة عبد الله الحضرمي، وقتل طلحة يوم الجمل، قتله مروان بن الحكم، وكان له ابن يقال له: محمد، وهو الذي يدعى السجاد، وبه كان طلحة يكنى، قتل مع ابيه طلحة يوم الجمل، وكان طلحة قديم الإسلام (3).
Ibn Umar related that the kunyah of Sayyiduna Talhah (may Allah be pleased with him) was Abu Muhammad, and his mother was al-Sa'bah bint Abdullah al-Hadrami. He was martyred on the day of the Battle of the Camel by Marwan bin al-Hakam. He had a son, Muhammad, who was known by the title "al-Sajjad" (the one devoted to prostration and worship), and Sayyiduna Talhah's kunyah was after him. He too was martyred alongside his father in the Battle of the Camel. Sayyiduna Talhah was among the Companions who accepted Islam early.
تخریج الحدیث: [ترقيم الرساله 5686M1] [ترقيم الشركة 5632]
Takhrij and Tahqiq of Hadith No. 5686M1 of Al Mustadrak ala al‑Sahihayn
by Shaykh Adil Murshid, Dr. Ahmad Barhoum, Dr. Muhammad Kamil Qarah Balli and Dr. Sa'id al-Lahham
Hadith-science notes and terminology
by Shaykh Adil Murshid, Dr. Ahmad Barhoum, Dr. Muhammad Kamil Qarah Balli and Dr. Sa'id al-Lahham
Hadith-science notes and terminology
Reference / Source: (3) Ibn Sa'd mentioned the like of it in his "Tabaqat" 3/ 196, and Ibn Sa'd was al-Waqidi's student and scribe.
(3) وذكر مثلَه ابن سعد في "طبقاته" 3/ 196، وكان ابن سعد صاحِبَ الواقديِّ وكاتبه.
Details of the narration: That Marwan bin al-Hakam killed Talhah bin 'Ubaydullah on the day of the Camel has been narrated from more than one narrator, as will come later in the author's (al-Hakim's) work.
وقد جاء قتلُ مروانَ بن الحكم لطلحة بن عبيد الله يومَ الجمل عن غير واحد كما سيأتي لاحقًا عند المصنف.
Hadith Number: 5686M2
قال ابن عمر: فحدثني إسحاق بن يحيى، عن جدته سعدى بنت عوف المرية ام يحيى بن طلحة، قالت: قتل طلحة بن عبيد الله وفي يد خازنه الف الف درهم ومئتا الف درهم، وقومت اصوله وعقاره بثلاثين الف الف درهم (1)، وكان فيما ذكر جوادا بالمال واللبس والطعام، وقتل يوم قتل وهو ابن اثنتين وستين سنة (2).
Ibn Umar narrated with his chain from Su'da bint Awf al-Murriyyah, the wife of Sayyiduna Talhah, that when Sayyiduna Talhah bin Ubaydullah (may Allah be pleased with him) was martyred, his treasurer held one million two hundred thousand dirhams in cash, while his property and lands were valued at thirty million dirhams. He was extremely generous with wealth, clothing and food, and at the time of his martyrdom he was sixty-two years old.
تخریج الحدیث: [ترقيم الرساله 5686M2] [ترقيم الشركة 5632]
Hadith Number: 5686M3
قال ابن عمر: وحدثنا اسد بن إبراهيم بن محمد بن طلحة، عن محمد بن زيد بن المهاجر، قال: كان طلحة يوم قتل ابن اربع وستين سنة (3).
Asad bin Ibrahim narrated from Muhammad bin Zayd bin al-Muhajir that at the time of his martyrdom Sayyiduna Talhah (may Allah be pleased with him) was sixty-four years old.
تخریج الحدیث: [ترقيم الرساله 5686M3] [ترقيم الشركة 5632]
Takhrij and Tahqiq of Hadith No. 5686M3 of Al Mustadrak ala al‑Sahihayn
by Shaykh Adil Murshid, Dr. Ahmad Barhoum, Dr. Muhammad Kamil Qarah Balli and Dr. Sa'id al-Lahham
Hadith-science notes and terminology
by Shaykh Adil Murshid, Dr. Ahmad Barhoum, Dr. Muhammad Kamil Qarah Balli and Dr. Sa'id al-Lahham
Hadith-science notes and terminology
Reference / Source: (3) Ibn Sa'd narrated it in "al-Tabaqat" 3/ 205, al-Tabarani in "al-Kabir" (199) and Ibn 'Asakir 25/ 120 via the route of Ibrahim bin al-Mundhir, and Abu Nu'aym in "Ma'rifat al-Sahabah" (378) via the route of Abu Ayyub al-Minqari (Sulayman bin Dawud al-Shadhakuni). All three narrate it from Muhammad bin 'Umar al-Waqidi, he from Muhammad bin Isma'il bin Ibrahim bin Muhammad bin Talhah, and he from Muhammad bin Zayd bin al-Muhajir.
Technical note / Defect ('illah): They named al-Waqidi's shaykh "Muhammad bin Isma'il Ibrahim", and this is correct. His being named "Asad" in the narration of the author (al-Hakim) is an error (wahm).
Technical note / Defect ('illah): They named al-Waqidi's shaykh "Muhammad bin Isma'il Ibrahim", and this is correct. His being named "Asad" in the narration of the author (al-Hakim) is an error (wahm).
(3) وأخرجه ابن سعد في "طبقاته" 3/ 205، وأخرجه الطبراني في "الكبير" (199)، وابن عساكر 25/ 120 من طريق إبراهيم بن المنذر، وأبو نعيم في "معرفة الصحابة" (378) من طريق أبي أيوب المنقري - وهو سليمان بن داود الشاذكوني - ثلاثتهم (ابن سعد وابن المنذر والشاذكوني) عن محمد بن عمر الواقدي، عن محمد بن إسماعيل بن إبراهيم بن محمد بن طلحة، عن محمد بن زيد بن المهاجر … هكذا سموا شيخ الواقدي محمد بن إسماعيل إبراهيم، فهذا هو الصحيح، وما وقع عند المصنف في روايته من تسميته أسدًا وهمٌ.