Note / Clarification: (1) In our manuscripts this word was distorted into "تستثفن", while the correct word is "تستثفر", which is established from the Mahmudiyyah manuscript and also agrees with the narration of Imam Ahmad.

Note / Clarification: The meaning of "tastathfir" is that the woman, after placing cotton, binds herself with a wide strip or cloth like a loincloth and ties its ends to something (a belt or cord) she has tied around her waist, so that the flow of blood is stopped in this way. The word is derived from "thafar al-dabbah", the strap tied under an animal's tail (to hold the saddle). This explanation was given by Ibn al-Athir in "al-Nihayah" under the root (th-f-r).

Grading: (2) The hadith is sahih, but this particular chain is weak because of the weakness of "Abdullah bin 'Umar bin Hafs al-'Umari".
Technical note / Defect ('illah): "Salim Abu al-Nadr" in the chain means "Salim bin Abi Umayyah al-Taymi al-Madani".

Reference / Source: Imam Ahmad narrated it at 44/ (26593) via Surayj bin al-Nu'man, with this same chain. In this narration he did not mention Fatimah's lineage (her father's name).

Reference / Source: Imam Ahmad (26740) and Abu Dawud (278) narrated it via Wuhayb bin Khalid, from Ayyub al-Sakhtiyani, from Sulayman bin Yasar, from Umm Salamah, and did not mention Fatimah's lineage. From Ayyub al-Sakhtiyani it was narrated by Sufyan bin 'Uyaynah (in Musnad al-Humaydi: 304 and al-Daraqutni: 793) and by 'Abd al-Warith bin Sa'id (in al-Daraqutni: 794), and both of them gave Fatimah's lineage as "bint Abi Hubaysh". Also Ahmad (26510), Ibn Majah (623) and al-Nasa'i (al-Mujtaba: 354) narrated it via 'Ubaydullah bin 'Umar, and Ahmad (26716), Abu Dawud (274) and al-Nasa'i (208 and 355) via Imam Malik. Both of them ('Ubaydullah and Malik) narrate from Nafi' the mawla of Ibn 'Umar, from Sulayman bin Yasar, from Umm Salamah, but they left the woman unnamed and did not mention her name.

Reference / Source: Abu Dawud narrated it at (275) via al-Layth bin Sa'd, and at (277) via Sakhr bin Juwayriyah. Both of them narrate from Nafi', from Sulayman bin Yasar, that a man informed him from Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) (i.e. an unnamed person is added in the chain). For further details see "'Ilal al-Daraqutni" (3957/ 8).

Note / Clarification: See also the discussions before and after this.

Note / Clarification: Her words "ustahadu" (with dammah on the hamzah and fathah on the ta'), meaning that the blood continued after her usual days, so she is "mustahadah". Linguistically, istihadah means the flowing of blood from a woman's private part at other than its natural time. This definition was given by al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar in "Fath al-Bari" (1/ 679).