Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade continuous fasting (joining one fast to another without breaking the fast at sunset). Someone asked: O Messenger of Allah! But you observe continuous fasting? He replied: I am not like you; I am given food and drink at night.

Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him) reports that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: When you see the moon, then fast, and when you see the moon, then break the fast. If the sky is cloudy, then complete thirty days of fasting.

It is narrated from a companion of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) that the people (companions) observed the thirtieth fast. Two Bedouins came and testified that they had seen the moon the previous day. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) ordered the people, so they broke their fast.

Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates that Hamza Aslami (may Allah be pleased with him) asked the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) about fasting while traveling. He said: It is up to you; if you wish, you may fast, and if you wish, you may leave it.

Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) fasted during the year of the conquest of Makkah (while traveling), and when he reached a place called Kadid, he broke his fast. And the last action of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) is what is taken as proof. Abu Muhammad says: Mu’ammar has clarified that“Indeed, what is taken is the last (action)”is the statement of Zuhri.

Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with both of them) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was on a journey, and he saw a man around whom many people had gathered and shade was being provided for him. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked about the reason for this. The people replied: He is fasting. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: It is not an act of righteousness to fast while traveling.

Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates that we (the wives of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him) would miss the fasts of Ramadan due to illness, and could not make them up until the month of Sha’ban arrived. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) did not fast in any month as much as he did in Sha’ban; leaving only a few days, he would fast almost the entire month of Sha’ban, rather, he would fast the whole of Sha’ban.

Abu Ubaid says that I offered the Eid prayer with Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him), so he performed the prayer before the sermon and said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has declared fasting on these two days (Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha) to be forbidden. In one narration of Sufyan, it is stated: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade fasting on these two days, Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha. As for the day of Eid al-Fitr, it is the day of breaking the fast after Ramadan, and on the day of Eid al-Adha, you eat from your sacrifices.

Lady Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, narrates that during the month of Ramadan, one night the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, prayed in the mosque, and people also prayed with him. Then on the second night, he prayed, and that night even more people gathered than the first night. On the third or fourth night, the mosque was filled to capacity with people, but the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, did not come out to them. The people kept calling him for prayer, but he did not come out to them. In the morning, Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, said: O Messenger of Allah! Last night the people kept waiting for you (but you did not come out). He replied: Their situation was not hidden from me, but I feared that this prayer might be made obligatory upon them.

Sayyiduna Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that we fasted the month of Ramadan with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and he did not lead us in (Taraweeh) prayer during this month until seven nights remained. Then he led us in prayer for one third of the night. Then on the fourth (twenty-fourth) night, he did not lead us in prayer. On the next night, he led us in prayer until nearly half the night had passed. We said: O Messenger of Allah! If only you would lead us in prayer for the whole night. He said: When a person prays with the Imam until the Imam finishes, it is written for him as if he spent the whole night in prayer. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) did not lead us in prayer on the sixth (twenty-sixth) night, but on the seventh (twenty-seventh) night, he led us in prayer, sent word to his family, and the people gathered as well. He led us in such a long prayer that we feared missing out on falah. (Dawud bin Abi Hind says) I asked (my teacher): What is falah? He replied: It means the pre-dawn meal (suhoor).