Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates that once the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) saw a man standing in the sun while delivering a sermon. The Prophet (peace be upon him) inquired about him, and the people informed him that he was Abu Isra’il, who had vowed to stand and not sit, not come into the shade, to fast, and not speak to anyone. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said:“Tell him to sit down, come into the shade, and speak with others, but let him complete his fast.”

Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: "Oaths are of four types. Out of these, for two types of oaths, expiation must be given, and for two types, expiation is not required. One is the person who swears: 'By Allah! We will never do such a thing,' and then he does it. The other is the person who says: 'By Allah! I will do such a thing,' and then he does not do it. As for the two types of oaths for which expiation is not given, they are: when a man swears, 'I did not do such a thing,' while in fact he did it, or a man swears, 'He did such a thing,' but in fact he did not do it (then there is no expiation for this)."

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: "Every exception (istithna) that is not joined with the oath, then the person doing so will be considered as one who breaks the oath."

Sayyiduna Amr bin Shu'aib narrates from his father, from his grandfather: The wife of Sayyiduna Abu Dharr Ghifari (may Allah be pleased with him) came riding on the camel Qaswa of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). This was at the time when your camel had been stolen. She brought the camel to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and made it sit down. Then the woman said: "I had vowed that if Allah granted me deliverance while riding this camel, I would surely eat its liver and the meat of its hump." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "You have given it a very bad reward. This is not a vow. A vow is that by which the pleasure of Allah Almighty is intended."

Sayyiduna Abu Rafi’ (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that his freed slave woman intended to cause separation between Sayyiduna Abu Rafi’ (may Allah be pleased with him) and his wife. One day she said: If she did not do so, she would become a Jew, and according to another narration, she said: she would become a Christian, all her slaves would be freed, all her wealth would be given in the way of Allah, and it would become obligatory upon her to walk to the House of Allah (the Ka’bah) on foot, if she could not cause separation between the two. She asked Sayyida Aisha, Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar, Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas, Sayyida Hafsa, and Sayyida Umm Salama (may Allah be pleased with them) about this matter, and all of them said to her:“Do you want to become like Harut and Marut?”Then all of them instructed her to give the expiation for her oath and to leave the two of them alone.

Sayyiduna Abu Rafi’ (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: My freed slave woman said:“I will definitely cause separation between you and your wife. If I am unable to do so, then all my wealth will be for the House of Allah (the Ka’bah), and on that day I will become a Jew, a Christian, or a Magian, if I do not cause separation between you and your wife.”Sayyiduna Abu Rafi’ (may Allah be pleased with him) says: I went to the service of Umm al-Mu’minin Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her), and I said:“My freed slave woman wants to cause separation between me and my wife.”So Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) said:“Go to your slave woman and tell her that it is not permissible for you to do such a thing.”After that, I went back and came to Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) and informed him about this. He came until he reached the door and said:“Are Harut and Marut here?”The slave woman said:“I have dedicated all my wealth to the treasury of the House of Allah (the Ka’bah).”Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) asked:“Then what will you eat?”She said:“I have said that I will be a Jew or a Christian or a Magian on that day (if I do not cause separation between them).”So Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) said:“If you adopt Judaism, you will be killed; if you adopt Christianity, you will be killed; and if you adopt Magianism, you will be killed.”The slave woman said:“Then what do you command me to do?”He said:“Give the expiation for your oath and do not cause separation between this man and his wife.”

Qasim reports: A woman came to Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them), she had vowed to slaughter her son, so Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them) ordered her to give expiation. Then one of those present said: "Subhan Allah! Will expiation be given for disobeying Allah Almighty?" So Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them) said: "Yes! Allah Almighty has mentioned zihar and has ordered expiation for it (so zihar is also disobedience to Allah Almighty, but expiation is given for it)."

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: "The expiation for an oath is that each needy person should be given one 'mudd' of wheat."

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them) said: "Every needy person will be given one mudd of wheat, along with some curry."

Sayyiduna Zaid bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) regarding the expiation of an oath said: "One mudd of wheat will be given to one needy person."