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Biography: Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal (rh)

الفتح الربانی
Al-Fath al-Rabbani
كِتَابُ الصِّيَامِ
Book of Fasting
الْفَصْلُ الْأَوَّلُ فِي فَضْلِ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ وَتَأْكِيدِ صَوْمِهِ قَبْلَ نُزُولِ رَمَضَانَ
First Section: The Virtue of the Day of Ashura and Emphasis on Fasting It Before Ramadan Was Prescribed
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Hadith Number: 3902
عن ابي قتادة رضي الله عنه ان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم قال: ((صوم يوم عرفة كفارة سنتين، سنة ماضية وسنة مستقبلة، ويوم عاشوراء كفارة سنة))
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Fasting on the day of Arafah is an expiation for the past and coming two years, and fasting on Ashura is an expiation for the past one year.


تخریج الحدیث:
حكم: اخرجه مسلم: 1162
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Hadith Number: 3903
(وعنه من طريق ثان): عن النبي صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم قال: قال له رجل: ارايت صيام عرفة؟ قال صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم: ((احتسب عند الله ان يكفر السنة الماضية والباقية))، قال: يا رسول الله! ارايت صوم عاشوراء؟ قال صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم: ((احتسب عند الله ان يكفر السنة))
(Second chain) A man asked the Noble Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him: What is your opinion about the fast of Arafah? The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: I hope from Allah Almighty that He will make this fast an expiation for the sins of the previous and coming two years. He then said: O Messenger of Allah! What is your opinion about the fast of Ashura? The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: I hope from Allah Almighty that He will make this fast an expiation for the sins of the previous one year.


تخریج الحدیث:
حكم: انظر الحديث بالطريق الاول ترقیم بيت الأفكار الدولية: 22997
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Hadith Number: 3904
عن ابي هريرة رضي الله عنه قال: مر النبي صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم باناس من اليهود قد صاموا يوم عاشوراء، فقال: ((ما هذا من الصيام؟)) قالوا: هذا اليوم الذي نجى الله موسى وبني إسرائيل من الغرق وغرق فيه فرعون، وهذا يوم استوت فيه السفينة على الجودي فصامه نوح وموسى شكرا لله تعالى، فقال النبي صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم: ((انا احق بموسى واحق بصوم هذا اليوم))، فامر اصحابه بالصيام
Narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) passed by some Jewish people, and they were fasting on the day of Ashura. He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "What is this fast?" They said: "This is the day on which Allah Almighty saved Musa (peace be upon him) and the Children of Israel from drowning, and drowned Pharaoh, and on this very day the Ark of Nuh (peace be upon him) came to rest on Mount Judi. Therefore, Nuh and Musa (peace be upon them) fasted on this day in gratitude to Allah Almighty." Upon hearing this, the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I am more deserving of Musa (peace be upon him) and of fasting on this day." Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) instructed his companions to fast on this day.


تخریج الحدیث:
حكم: اسناده ضعيف لضعف عبد الصمد بن حبيب وجھالة ابيه
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Hadith Number: 3905
عن ابن عباس رضي الله عنه قال: قدم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم المدينة فراى اليهود يصومون يوم عاشوراء، فقال: ((ما هذا اليوم الذي تصومون؟)) قالوا: هذا يوم صالح، هذا يوم نجى الله بني إسرائيل من عدوهم، فصامه موسى عليه السلام، قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم: ((انا احق بموسى منكم))، قال: فصامه رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم وامر بصيامه
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came to Madinah Munawwarah and saw that the Jews were fasting on the 10th of Muharram. He asked them: "What is this day on which you fast?" They said: "This is a great blessed day. On this day Allah Almighty saved the Children of Israel from their enemy, and Musa (peace be upon him) fasted on this day." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I am more deserving of Musa (peace be upon him) than you." Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) himself fasted on this day and also ordered (the Muslims) to fast on it.


تخریج الحدیث:
حكم: اخرجه البخاري: 2004
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Hadith Number: 3906
عن ثوير قال: سمعت عبد الله بن الزبير رضي الله عنهما وهو على المنبر يقول: هذا يوم عاشوراء فصوموه فإن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم امر بصيامه
Thuwair says: I heard Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Zubair (may Allah be pleased with him) saying on the pulpit: This is the Day of Ashura, you should fast on this day, because the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered to fast on this day.


تخریج الحدیث:
حكم: اسناده ضعيف جدا لضعف ثوير بن ابي فاخته۔ اخرجه البزار: 1050
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Hadith Number: 3907
عن جابر بن عبد الله رضي الله عنه انه قال: امرنا رسول الله بيوم عاشوراء ان نصومه، وقال: هو يوم كانت اليهود تصومه
Narrated by Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) commanded us to fast on the 10th of Muharram; the Jews used to fast on this day.


تخریج الحدیث:
حكم: صحيح لغيره۔ اخرجه الطبراني في ’’الاوسط‘‘: 2501
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Hadith Number: 3908
عن ابن عباس رضي الله عنه قال: ارسل رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم إلى اهل قرية على راس اربعة فراسخ، او قال: فرسخين يوم عاشوراء، فامر من اكل ان لا ياكل بقية يومه، ومن لم ياكل ان يتم صومه
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) says that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent a message on the tenth of Muharram to the settlements within four or two farsakh, that whoever has eaten something should not eat for the rest of the day, and whoever has not yet eaten should complete his fast.


تخریج الحدیث:
حكم: حسن لغيره۔ اخرجه الطبراني: 11804
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Hadith Number: 3909
عن سلمة بن الاكوع رضي الله عنه ان النبي صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم امر رجلا من اسلم ان يؤذن في الناس يوم عاشوراء: ((من كان صائما فليتم صومه، ومن كان اكل فلا ياكل شيئا وليتم صومه))
Narrated from Sayyiduna Salamah bin Akwa’ (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) on the day of ‘Ashura ordered a man from the tribe of Banu Aslam to announce among the people: Whoever is fasting today should complete his fast, and whoever has eaten or drunk something should also refrain from eating and drinking for the rest of the day and thus complete the fast.


تخریج الحدیث:
حكم: اخرجه البخاري: 1924
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Hadith Number: 3910
عن محمد بن صيفي النصاري رضي الله عنه قال: خرج علينا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم في يوم عاشوراء، فقال: ((اصمتم يومكم هذا؟)) فقال بعضهم: نعم، وقال بعضهم: لا، قال: ((فاتموا بقية يومكم هذا))، وامرهم ان يؤذنوا اهل العروض ان يتموا يومهم ذلك
Sayyiduna Muhammad bin Saifi Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) says: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came to us on the Day of Ashura and asked: Have you people fasted today? Some said: Yes, and some said: No. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: In any case, complete the fast for the rest of the day. He (peace and blessings be upon him) also instructed them to inform the people of ‘Aroud so that they too may complete the fast of this day.


تخریج الحدیث:
حكم: اسناده صحيح۔ اخرجه ابن ماجه: 1735
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Hadith Number: 3911
عن هند بن اسماء رضي الله عنه قال: بعثني رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم إلى قومي من اسلم، فقال: ((مر قومك فليصوموا هذا اليوم ويوم عاشوراء، فمن وجدته منهم قد اكل في اول يومه فليصم آخره))
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Hind bin Asma’ (may Allah be pleased with him), who says: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent me to my tribe, Banu Aslam, and said: Command your people to fast on the day of ‘Ashura. If any of them has already eaten or drunk, then he should also fast for the remainder of the day.


تخریج الحدیث:
حكم: حديث صحيح۔ اخرجه الطبراني في ’’الكبير‘‘: 22/ 545
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