(This is permissible without hesitation) and Qais bin Muslim narrated, and from him Abu Ja'far narrated, that there was no house of the Muhajirun in Madinah that did not cultivate land on the basis of a third or a quarter share. Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), Sa'd bin Malik, Abdullah bin Mas'ud, Umar bin Abdul Aziz, Qasim, Urwah, the children of Abu Bakr, the children of Umar, the children of Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), and Ibn Sirin—all used to cultivate on the basis of sharecropping. And Abdur Rahman bin Aswad said that I used to be a partner in farming with Abdur Rahman bin Yazid, and Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) made an agreement with the people for cultivation on the condition that if he (Umar) provided the seeds himself, then he would take half of the produce, and if the seeds belonged to those who worked, then they would own that portion of the produce. Hasan al-Basri (may Allah have mercy on him) said that there is no harm if the land belongs to one person and both (the owner and the cultivator) share the expenses; then whatever is produced, they should divide it between them. Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him) also gave the same fatwa. And Hasan said that if cotton is picked on the condition of taking half, there is no harm in it. Ibrahim, Ibn Sirin, Ata, Hakam, Zuhri, and Qatadah (may Allah have mercy on them) said that if thread is given to weavers on the basis of a third, a quarter, or similar partnership, there is no harm in it. Mu'ammar said that if an animal is given for a fixed period on the basis of a third or a quarter of its earnings, there is no objection to it.

Narrated `Abdullah bin `Umar: The Prophet concluded a contract with the people of Khaibar to utilize the land on the condition that half the products of fruits or vegetation would be their share. The Prophet used to give his wives one hundred Wasqs each, eighty Wasqs of dates and twenty Wasqs of barley. (When `Umar became the Caliph) he gave the wives of the Prophet the option of either having the land and water as their shares, or carrying on the previous practice. Some of them chose the land and some chose the Wasqs, and `Aisha chose the land.

Narrated Ibn `Umar: The Prophet made a deal with the people of Khaibar that they would have half the fruits and vegetation of the land they cultivated.

Narrated `Amr: I said to Tawus, "I wish you would give up Mukhabara (Sharecropping), for the people say that the Prophet forbade it." On that Tawus replied, "O `Amr! I give the land to sharecroppers and help them. No doubt; the most learned man, namely Ibn `Abbas told me that the Prophet had not forbidden it but said, 'It is more beneficial for one to give his land free to one's brother than to charge him a fixed rental."

Narrated Ibn `Umar: Allah's Apostle gave the land of Khaibar to the Jew's on the condition that they work on it and cultivate it, and be given half of its yield.

Narrated Rafi`: We worked on farms more than anybody else in Medina. We used to rent the land and say to the owner, "The yield of this portion is for us and the yield of that portion is for you (as the rent)." One of those portions might yield something and the other might not. So, the Prophet forbade us to do so.

Narrated `Abdullah bin `Umar: The Prophet said, "While three men were walking, It started raining and they took shelter (refuge) in a cave in a mountain. A big rock rolled down from the mountain and closed the mouth of the cave. They said to each other, "Think of good deeds which you did for Allah's sake only, and invoke Allah by giving reference to those deeds so that He may remove this rock from you." One of them said, 'O Allah! I had old parents and small children and I used to graze the sheep for them. On my return to them in the evening, I used to milk (the sheep) and start providing my parents first of all before my children. One day I was delayed and came late at night and found my parents sleeping. I milked (the sheep) as usual and stood by their heads. I hated to wake them up and disliked to give milk to my children before them, although my children were weeping (because of hunger) at my feet till the day dawned. O Allah! If I did this for Your sake only, kindly remove the rock so that we could see the sky through it.' So, Allah removed the rock a little and they saw the sky. The second man said, 'O Allah! I was in love with a cousin of mine like the deepest love a man may have for a woman. I wanted to outrage her chastity but she refused unless I gave her one hundred Dinars. So, I struggled to collect that amount. And when I sat between her legs, she said, 'O Allah's slave! Be afraid of Allah and do not deflower me except rightfully (by marriage).' So, I got up. O Allah! If I did it for Your sake only, please remove the rock.' The rock shifted a little more. Then the third man said, 'O Allah! I employed a laborer for a Faraq of rice and when he finished his job and demanded his right, I presented it to him, but he refused to take it. So, I sowed the rice many time till I gathered cows and their shepherd (from the yield). (Then after some time) He came and said to me, 'Fear Allah (and give me my right)." I said, 'Go and take those cows and the shepherd.' He said, 'Be afraid of Allah! Don't mock at me.' I said, 'I am not mocking at you. Take (all that).' So, he took all that. O Allah! If I did that for Your sake only, please remove the rest of the rock.' So, Allah removed the rock."

"And the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said to ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him)" (when he was dedicating one of his date-palm gardens for Allah), "Make the original land a waqf (endowment), so that it cannot be sold, but its fruits may be spent (in charity)." So ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) did so.

Narrated Zaid bin Aslam from his father: `Umar said, "But for the future Muslim generations, I would have distributed the land of the villages I conquer among the soldiers as the Prophet distributed the land of Khaibar."

And ‘Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) gave the same order in Kufa regarding the cultivation of deserted lands. And ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said that whoever revives barren land, it becomes his. And the same narration is reported from ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) and Ibn ‘Awf (may Allah be pleased with him). However, Ibn ‘Awf (may Allah be pleased with him) added in his narration from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) that it is on the condition that the (uncultivated land) does not belong to any Muslim, and the oppressor who claims a vein (right) in the land has no right in it. And in this regard, there is also a similar narration from Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).