مختصر صحيح بخاري
Mukhtasar Sahih Bukhari
Time of Fajr
Narrated from Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) that Zaid bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) told me that the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) ate suhoor with the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), and then stood up for prayer. So I asked, "How much time was there between the two?" Sayyiduna Zaid (may Allah be pleased with him) said, "The time it takes to recite fifty or sixty verses (of the Qur'an)."
Sahl bin Sa’d (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I used to eat sahur with my family, then I would hurry so that I could perform the Fajr prayer with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).
No prayer after Fajr until sunrise
Narrated by Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both): Some beloved personalities mentioned before me, and the most beloved among them to me was the Commander of the Faithful, Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), stated that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade performing prayer after the Fajr prayer until the sun rises, and after the Asr prayer until the sun sets.
Narrated Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "(O people!) Do not perform your prayers at the time of sunrise nor at the time of sunset."
Narrated Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "When the edge of the sun appears, stop praying until the sun rises high, and when the edge of the sun sets, stop praying until (the whole sun) has set."
Narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) forbade two types of sales and two types of clothing (and this hadith has already been mentioned, see the Book: Description of Prayer... Chapter: Covering that which must be covered). In this hadith, it is further stated: "And he forbade two prayers: (1) He forbade prayer after Fajr until the sun rises properly, and (2) after Asr until the sun sets properly."
Do not intend prayer before sunset
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Amir Muawiyah (may Allah be pleased with him): He said, (O people!) You perform a prayer such that indeed we kept the company of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), but we never saw him perform it, and certainly he forbade it—meaning the two rak‘ahs after ‘Asr.
Making up missed prayers after Asr is permissible
Umm al-Mu’minin Aisha Siddiqa (may Allah be pleased with her) says: By the One who took the Noble Prophet (peace be upon him) from this world, the Prophet (peace be upon him) never abandoned the two rak’ahs after Asr until he met Allah, and when he (peace be upon him) met Allah, at that time (due to the heaviness of the body) he (peace be upon him) would become burdened from prayer, and he (peace be upon him) would perform many of his prayers sitting, and the Noble Prophet (peace be upon him) would always perform these two rak’ahs, that is, the two rak’ahs after Asr, and he would perform them at home, out of fear that it might become burdensome for his Ummah. The Prophet (peace be upon him) liked only that which would be easy for his Ummah.
Umm al-Mu'mineen Aisha Siddiqa (may Allah be pleased with her) says that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) never abandoned two units of prayer, whether in secret or in public: two units before the Fajr prayer and two units after the Asr prayer.
Giving adhan after time has passed for missed prayer
Sayyiduna Abu Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him) says: We traveled one night with the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), so some people said, "If only you (peace be upon him) would rest with all of us at the end of the night." The Prophet (peace be upon him) said, "I fear that you may sleep and become heedless of the (Fajr) prayer." So Sayyiduna Bilal (may Allah be pleased with him) said, "I will wake you all up." Therefore, everyone lay down and Sayyiduna Bilal (may Allah be pleased with him) sat leaning his back against his camel, but sleep also overcame him and he too fell asleep. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) woke up at such a time that the edge of the sun had risen. So the Prophet (peace be upon him) said, "O Bilal! What happened to what you said?" He replied, "Such sleep has never been cast over me before." The Prophet (peace be upon him) said, "(It is true) Allah took your souls whenever He wished and returned them whenever He wished. O Bilal! Get up and give the call to prayer for the people." Then the Prophet (peace be upon him) performed ablution, and when the sun had risen high and become white, the Prophet (peace be upon him) stood up and offered the prayer.