مصنف ابن ابي شيبه
Musanif Ibn Abi Shaiba
كتاب المغازي
Book of Battles
غزوة بدر الكبرى (وما) كانت، وأمرها
The Major Battle of Badr and Its Events
Numbering by, Al-Awamah: 37839, Al-Shathri: ,39446
٣٩٤٤٦ - حدثنا قراد ابو نوح قال: حدثنا عكرمة بن عمار العجلي قال: حدثنا سماك الحنفي ابو زميل قال: حدثنا ابن عباس قال: حدثني عمر بن الخطاب قال: لما كان يوم بدر نظر رسول الله ﷺ إلى اصحابه وهم ثلاثمائة ونيف، ونظر إلى المشركين فإذا هم الف وزيادة، فاستقبل النبي ﷺ القبلة ثم مد يديه وعليه رداؤه وإزاره، ثم قال:"اللهم (اين) (١) ما وعدتني، اللهم إن تهلك هذه العصابة من اهل الإسلام لا تعبد في الارض ابدا". قال: فما زال يستغيث ربه ويدعوه حتى سقط رداؤه فاتاه ابو بكر قال: فاخذ رداءه فرداه ثم التزمه من ورائه ثم قال: يا نبي الله كفاك مناشدتك ربك، فإنه سينجز لك ما وعدك، فانزل الله: ﴿إذ تستغيثون ربكم فاستجاب لكم اني ممدكم بالف من الملائكة مردفين﴾ [الانفال: ٩]. فلما كان يومئذ والتقوا، هزم الله المشركين فقتل منهم سبعون رجلا، (واسر منهم سبعون رجلا) (٢)، فاستشار رسول الله ﷺ ابا بكر وعمر وعليا، فقال ابو بكر: يا نبي الله، هؤلاء بنو العم والعشيرة والإخوان، فإني ارى ان تاخذ منهم الفدية، فيكون ما اخذنا منهم قوة على الكفار، وعسى الله ان يهديهم فيكونوا لنا عضدا، ⦗٤٤١⦘ فقال رسول الله ﷺ:"ما ترى يا ابن الخطاب؟" قلت: والله ما ارى الذي راى ابو بكر، ولكن ارى ان تمكنني من فلان -قريبا لعمر- فاضرب عنقه، وتمكن عليا من عقيل فيضرب عنقه، وتمكن حمزة من اخيه فلان فيضرب عنقه، حتى يعلم الله انه ليس في قلوبنا هوادة للمشركين، هؤلاء صناديدهم وائمتهم وقادتهم، فهوى نبي الله ﷺ ما قال ابو بكر، ولم يهو ما قلت فاخذ منهم الفداء. فلما كان من الغد قال عمر: غدوت إلى النبي ﷺ فإذا هو (قاعد) (٣) وابو بكر يبكيان، قال: قلت: (يا رسول) (٤) الله (٥) اخبرني ماذا يبكيك انت وصاحبك؟ فإن وجدت بكاء بكيت، وإن لم اجد بكاء تباكيت لبكائكما، فقال النبي ﷺ:"الذي عرض على اصحابكم من الفداء، لقد عرض علي عذابكم ادنى من هذه الشجرة" -لشجرة قريبة وانزل الله: ﴿ما كان لنبي ان يكون له اسرى حتى يثخن في الارض تريدون عرض الدنيا..﴾ إلى قوله: ﴿لولا كتاب من الله سبق لمسكم فيما اخذتم (من الفداء) (٦) (عذاب) (٧) عظيم﴾ [الانفال: ٦٨، ٦٨]، ثم احل لهم الغنائم، فلما كان يوم احد من العام المقبل (عرفوا) (٨) بما صنعوا يوم بدر من اخذهم الفداء فقتل منهم سبعون، وفر اصحاب النبي ﷺ (٩) (عن النبي ﷺ) (١٠) وكسرت رباعيته وهشمت البيضة على راسه وسال الدم على وجهه وانزل الله: ﴿اولما اصابتكم مصيبة قد اصبتم مثليها قلتم انى هذا قل هو من عند انفسكم إن الله على كل شيء قدير﴾ [آل عمران: ١٦٥] ⦗٤٤٢⦘ باخذكم الفداء (١١).
ريفرينس و تحكيم الحدیث:
(١) في [ق، هـ]: (أنجز لي).
(٢) سقط من: [أ، ب].
(٣) في [أ]: (فلعد).
(٤) في [جـ]: (برسول اللَّه).
(٥) في [هـ]: زيادة ﷺ.
(٦) سقط من: [هـ].
(٧) سقط من: [ب].
(٨) في [ق، هـ]: (عوقبوا).
(٩) في [س]: ﵊.
(١٠) سقط من: [ق، هـ].
(١١) صحيح؛ أخرجه مسلم (١٧٦٣)، وأحمد (٢٠٨)، وسبق بعضه ١٠/ ٣٥٠ برقم [٣١٥٦٢].
Narrated from Hazrat Umar bin Khattab, he states: When the day of Badr came, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) looked towards his companions. They were a little more than three hundred, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) looked at the polytheists, and they were a little more than one thousand. So, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) turned his blessed face towards the Qiblah, then he (peace and blessings be upon him) stretched out both his hands. And at that time, he (peace and blessings be upon him) was wearing his cloak and waist-wrapper. He (peace and blessings be upon him) supplicated: O Allah! Where is what You promised me? O Allah! If this group of Muslims is destroyed, then You will never be worshipped on this earth again. The narrator says: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) continued to seek help from his Lord and kept praying to Allah until his blessed cloak fell off. Then Hazrat Abu Bakr came to him. The narrator says: Hazrat Abu Bakr took hold of his cloak and put it back on him (peace and blessings be upon him). Then Hazrat Abu Bakr stood behind him and said: O Messenger of Allah! What you have asked from your Lord is sufficient for you. Your Lord will soon fulfill the promise He made to you. So Allah revealed this verse {إِذْ تَسْتَغِیثُونَ رَبَّکُمْ فَاسْتَجَابَ لَکُمْ أَنِّی مُمِدُّکُمْ بِأَلْفٍ مِنَ الْمَلاَئِکَۃِ مُرْدِفِینَ }.
2. Then when this day (of Badr) came and the two sides confronted each other, Allah defeated the polytheists. Seventy of them were killed and seventy were taken captive. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) consulted Hazrat Abu Bakr, Hazrat Umar, and Hazrat Ali (may Allah be pleased with them). Hazrat Abu Bakr said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! These (captives) are our cousins, our people, and our brothers. My opinion is that you take ransom from them. What we take from them as ransom will be a strength against the disbelievers, and perhaps Allah will guide them, so they will become our helpers.
3. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: O son of Khattab! What is your opinion? I said: By Allah! My opinion is not the same as Abu Bakr’s. But my opinion is that you hand over so-and-so, a relative of Umar, to me so that I may strike his neck. And hand over Aqeel to Hazrat Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) so that he may strike his neck, so that Allah may know that there is no compassion in our hearts for the polytheists. These people are the chiefs, leaders, and guides of the polytheists.
4. What Hazrat Abu Bakr had presented pleased the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), but what I had said did not please him. And the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) took ransom from the polytheists.
5. Then the next day, Hazrat Umar says: I presented myself to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) in the morning, and he and Hazrat Abu Bakr were both sitting and weeping. He says: I asked: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! Tell me, what is making you and your companion weep? If I know the reason for weeping, I will also weep, otherwise, I will weep just because you both are weeping. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: The opinion your companions presented to me regarding ransom—verily, the punishment was brought before me closer than this tree (he pointed to a nearby tree). And Allah revealed these verses: from { مَا کَانَ لِنَبِیٍّ أَنْ یَکُونَ لَہُ أَسْرَی حَتَّی یُثْخِنَ فِی الأَرْضِ، تُرِیدُونَ عَرَضَ الدُّنْیَا } to { لَوْلاَ کِتَابٌ مِنَ اللہِ سَبَقَ لَمَسَّکُمْ فِیمَا أَخَذْتُمْ }, that is, ransom { عَذَابٌ عَظِیمٌ}. Then the spoils of war were made lawful for the companions.
6. Then when the next year, the day of Uhud came, the companions were recompensed for the ransom they had taken on the day of Badr. Thus, seventy companions were martyred, and the companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) fled, and the front tooth of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was broken, and the helmet on his blessed head was broken, and blood flowed on his blessed face.
2. Then when this day (of Badr) came and the two sides confronted each other, Allah defeated the polytheists. Seventy of them were killed and seventy were taken captive. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) consulted Hazrat Abu Bakr, Hazrat Umar, and Hazrat Ali (may Allah be pleased with them). Hazrat Abu Bakr said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! These (captives) are our cousins, our people, and our brothers. My opinion is that you take ransom from them. What we take from them as ransom will be a strength against the disbelievers, and perhaps Allah will guide them, so they will become our helpers.
3. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: O son of Khattab! What is your opinion? I said: By Allah! My opinion is not the same as Abu Bakr’s. But my opinion is that you hand over so-and-so, a relative of Umar, to me so that I may strike his neck. And hand over Aqeel to Hazrat Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) so that he may strike his neck, so that Allah may know that there is no compassion in our hearts for the polytheists. These people are the chiefs, leaders, and guides of the polytheists.
4. What Hazrat Abu Bakr had presented pleased the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), but what I had said did not please him. And the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) took ransom from the polytheists.
5. Then the next day, Hazrat Umar says: I presented myself to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) in the morning, and he and Hazrat Abu Bakr were both sitting and weeping. He says: I asked: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! Tell me, what is making you and your companion weep? If I know the reason for weeping, I will also weep, otherwise, I will weep just because you both are weeping. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: The opinion your companions presented to me regarding ransom—verily, the punishment was brought before me closer than this tree (he pointed to a nearby tree). And Allah revealed these verses: from { مَا کَانَ لِنَبِیٍّ أَنْ یَکُونَ لَہُ أَسْرَی حَتَّی یُثْخِنَ فِی الأَرْضِ، تُرِیدُونَ عَرَضَ الدُّنْیَا } to { لَوْلاَ کِتَابٌ مِنَ اللہِ سَبَقَ لَمَسَّکُمْ فِیمَا أَخَذْتُمْ }, that is, ransom { عَذَابٌ عَظِیمٌ}. Then the spoils of war were made lawful for the companions.
6. Then when the next year, the day of Uhud came, the companions were recompensed for the ransom they had taken on the day of Badr. Thus, seventy companions were martyred, and the companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) fled, and the front tooth of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was broken, and the helmet on his blessed head was broken, and blood flowed on his blessed face.
تخریج الحدیث: (مصنف ابن ابي شيبه: ترقيم سعد الشثري 39446، ترقيم محمد عوامة 37839)
