المستدرك على الصحيحين
Al Mustadrak ala al‑Sahihayn
كتاب النكاح
Book of Marriage
إذا تزوج العبد بغير إذن سيده كان عاهرا
If a slave marries without his master's permission he is a fornicator
Hadith Number: 2825
اخبرنا ابو النضر محمد بن محمد بن يوسف الفقيه، حدثنا عثمان بن سعيد الدارمي، حدثنا عبد الله بن محمد النفيلي، حدثنا مسكين بن بكير، حدثنا شعبة، عن يزيد بن خمير، عن عبد الرحمن بن جبير بن نفير، عن ابيه، عن ابي الدرداء: ان رسول الله ﷺ كان في غزوة، فراى امراة مجحة (1)، فقال:"لعل صاحبها الم بها؟" قالوا: نعم، قال:"لقد هممت ان العنه لعنة تدخل معه في قبره، كيف يورثه وهو لا يحل له، وكيف يستخدمه وهو لا يحل له" (2).
هذا حديث صحيح على شرط الشيخين، ولم يخرجاه.
[التعليق - من تلخيص الذهبي] ترقيم العلميه 2789 - على شرط مسلم
هذا حديث صحيح على شرط الشيخين، ولم يخرجاه.
[التعليق - من تلخيص الذهبي] ترقيم العلميه 2789 - على شرط مسلم
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu al-Darda' (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was on a military expedition, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) saw a woman who was pregnant (close to giving birth). He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Perhaps her owner has had relations with her?" The people said: "Yes." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I was minded to curse him with a curse that would enter his grave with him. How can he make him (the child) his heir when that is not lawful for him, and how can he take service from him when that is not lawful for him? (That is, because of intimacy before the waiting period of istibra', doubt has arisen over the lineage of the child born.)"
This hadith is sahih (authentic) on the condition of the two Shaykhs (Bukhari and Muslim), but they did not record it.
تخریج الحدیث: «حديث صحيح، وهذا إسناد حسن من أجل مسكين بن بُكير، وقد توبع.» [ترقيم الرساله 2825] [ترقيم الشركة 2805] [ترقيم العلميه 2789]
Takhrij and Tahqiq of Hadith No. 2825 of Al Mustadrak ala al‑Sahihayn
by Shaykh Adil Murshid, Dr. Ahmad Barhoum, Dr. Muhammad Kamil Qarah Balli and Dr. Sa'id al-Lahham
Hadith-science notes and terminology
by Shaykh Adil Murshid, Dr. Ahmad Barhoum, Dr. Muhammad Kamil Qarah Balli and Dr. Sa'id al-Lahham
Hadith-science notes and terminology
Note / Clarification: In some manuscripts the word (mujihhah) has been corrupted into "mujikhkhah", i.e. with the dotted "kha'" after the jim instead of the undotted "ha'". The word comes from "ajahhat al-hamil", meaning: when a pregnant woman's pregnancy becomes visible.
(1) تصحف في بعض النسخ الخطية إلى: مجخة، بالخاء المعجمة بعد الجيم، بدل الحاء المهملة. وهو من: أجَحَّت الحامل، إذا ظهر حملها.
Grading: This hadith is "sahih", and this chain is "hasan" because of Miskin bin Bukayr, and he has been corroborated.
(2) حديث صحيح، وهذا إسناد حسن من أجل مسكين بن بُكير، وقد توبع.
Reference / Source: Abu Dawud (2156) narrated it from Abd Allah bin Muhammad al-Nufayli, with this chain.
وأخرجه أبو داود (2156) عن عبد الله بن محمد النُّفَيلي، بهذا الإسناد.
Reference / Source: Imam Ahmad (36/ 21703) narrated it from Yahya bin Sa'id al-Qattan; Ahmad (45/ 27519) and Muslim (1441) via Muhammad bin Ja'far; and Muslim (1441) via Yazid bin Harun and via Abu Dawud al-Tayalisi. All four narrate it from Shu'bah, likewise.
Note / Clarification: Therefore al-Hakim's including it as a supplement (istidrak) is an oversight on his part.
Note / Clarification: Therefore al-Hakim's including it as a supplement (istidrak) is an oversight on his part.
وأخرجه أحمد 36/ (21703) عن يحيى بن سعيد القطان، وأحمد 45/ (27519)، ومسلم (1441) من طريق محمد بن جعفر، ومسلم (1441) من طريق يزيد بن هارون ومن طريق أبي داود الطيالسي، أربعتهم عن شعبة، به. فاستدراك الحاكم له ذهولٌ منه.
Note / Clarification: His (peace and blessings be upon him) words "alamma biha" mean: he had intercourse with her.
قوله: "ألمَّ بها" أي: وَطِئها.
Note / Clarification: And his (peace and blessings be upon him) words: "How can he make him an heir when that is not lawful for him, and how can he take him as a servant when that is not lawful for him?" mean: that pregnancy may be from her idolater husband, so it is not lawful for the (Muslim) man to claim the child as his own or make him an heir. And if he has intercourse with her, it may be that what outwardly appeared to be a pregnancy dissipates and she conceives from his intercourse, in which case it would not be permissible to disown the child or to use him as a slave in service. Al-Khattabi said this in "Ma'alim al-Sunan" (3/ 224).
وقوله: "كيف يُورِّثه وهو لا يحل له، وكيف يستخدمه وهو لا يحل له": يريد أنَّ ذلك الحَمل قد يكون من زوجها المشرك، فلا يحلّ له استلحاقه ولا توريثه، وقد يكون منه إذا وطئها أن ينفشَّ ما كان في الظاهر حملًا وتَعلَق من وطئه، فلا يجوز نفيُه ولا استخدامه. قاله الخطابي في "معالم السنن" 3/ 224.
