المستدرك على الصحيحين
Al Mustadrak ala al‑Sahihayn
كتاب الطلاق
Book of Divorce
الطلاق بما نوى به المطلق
Divorce is according to the intention of the one divorcing
Hadith Number: 2844
حدثناه ابو العباس محمد بن يعقوب، اخبرنا الربيع بن سليمان، اخبرنا الشافعي، اخبرني عمي محمد بن علي بن شافع [عن عبد الله بن علي بن السائب] (1) عن نافع بن عجير بن عبد يزيد: ان ركانة بن عبد يزيد طلق امراته سهيمة البتة، ثم اتى رسول الله ﷺ فقال: إني طلقت امراتي سهيمة البتة، ووالله ما اردت إلا واحدة، فردها إليه رسول الله ﷺ، فطلقها الثانية في زمن عمر، والثالثة في زمن عثمان (2). قد صح الحديث بهذه الرواية، فإن الإمام الشافعي قد اتقنه، وحفظه عن اهل بيته، والسائب بن عبد يزيد ابو الشافع بن السائب، وهو اخو ركانة بن عبد يزيد، ومحمد بن علي بن شافع عم الشافعي شيخ قريش في عصره.
[التعليق - من تلخيص الذهبي] ترقيم العلميه 2808 - سكت عنه الذهبي في التلخيص
[التعليق - من تلخيص الذهبي] ترقيم العلميه 2808 - سكت عنه الذهبي في التلخيص
It is narrated from Nafi' bin Ujayr bin Abd Yazid that Sayyiduna Rukanah bin Abd Yazid (may Allah be pleased with him) divorced his wife Suhaymah with the word «al-battah» . Then he came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: I have divorced my wife Suhaymah with «al-battah» , and by Allah! I intended only one divorce. So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) returned her to him. Then he gave her the second divorce in the time of Sayyiduna Umar and the third in the time of Sayyiduna Uthman.
With this narration the hadith is established as sahih, because Imam al-Shafi'i memorised it with great precision from the people of his own family and narrated it. Al-Sa'ib bin Abd Yazid (the father of Shafi' bin al-Sa'ib) was the brother of Rukanah, and Muhammad bin Ali bin Shafi', who was the paternal uncle of Imam al-Shafi'i, was an eminent elder of Quraysh in his time.
تخریج الحدیث: «إسناده حسن من أجل محمد بن علي بن شافع وعبد الله بن علي بن السائب، فقد وثقهما الشافعي في "الأم" 6/ 444، وروى عن كلٍّ منهما جمعٌ، ونافع بن عُمير روى عنه جمع، وذكره ابن حبان في "الثقات"، وقيل: له صحبة. وقد صحَّحه من هذه الطريق أبو داود كما نقله ...» [ترقيم الرساله 2844] [ترقيم الشركة 2824] [ترقيم العلميه 2808]
Takhrij and Tahqiq of Hadith No. 2844 of Al Mustadrak ala al‑Sahihayn
by Shaykh Adil Murshid, Dr. Ahmad Barhoum, Dr. Muhammad Kamil Qarah Balli and Dr. Sa'id al-Lahham
Hadith-science notes and terminology
by Shaykh Adil Murshid, Dr. Ahmad Barhoum, Dr. Muhammad Kamil Qarah Balli and Dr. Sa'id al-Lahham
Hadith-science notes and terminology
Note / Clarification: The name "Abd Allah bin al-Sa'ib" dropped out of the manuscripts, although it is without doubt established in the chain of this narration. It is also established for al-Hakim in "Ma'rifat 'Ulum al-Hadith" (p. 175), where he cited it with this very chain. Al-Shafi'i mentioned this hadith in several places in "al-Umm" (which is from the transmission of al-Rabi' bin Sulayman, as is known), and in every place "Abd Allah bin 'Ali bin al-Sa'ib" is mentioned; so the correct course is to include it.
(1) سقط اسم عبد الله بن السائب من النسخ الخطية، وهو ثابت في إسناد هذه الرواية بلا شَكٍّ، وهو ثابت أيضًا للحاكم في "معرفة علوم الحديث" ص 175 حيث أورده بهذا الإسناد بعينه، وقد ذكر الشافعي هذا الحديث في "الأم" في عدة مواضع منه - وهذا الكتاب من رواية الربيع بن سليمان كما هو معلوم - كل ذلك يذكر فيه عبد الله بن علي بن السائب، فالصواب إثباته.
Grading: The chain of this hadith is "hasan".
Technical note / Defect ('illah): This is because of Muhammad bin 'Ali bin Shafi' and Abd Allah bin 'Ali bin al-Sa'ib; al-Shafi'i declared both of them trustworthy in "al-Umm" (6/ 444), and a group narrated from each of them. A group also narrated from Nafi' bin 'Umayr; Ibn Hibban mentioned him in "al-Thiqat", and it has been said that he was a Companion. Abu Dawud declared it sahih through this route, as reported from him by al-Daraqutni after (3979) of his "Sunan", and by Ibn 'Abd al-Barr in "al-Istidhkar" (25104 and 25105). Ibn 'Abd al-Barr said: al-Shafi'i, his uncle and his grandfather are of the household of Rukanah (from Banu Abd al-Muttalib bin Manaf), and they know best the story that befell him.
Technical note / Defect ('illah): This is because of Muhammad bin 'Ali bin Shafi' and Abd Allah bin 'Ali bin al-Sa'ib; al-Shafi'i declared both of them trustworthy in "al-Umm" (6/ 444), and a group narrated from each of them. A group also narrated from Nafi' bin 'Umayr; Ibn Hibban mentioned him in "al-Thiqat", and it has been said that he was a Companion. Abu Dawud declared it sahih through this route, as reported from him by al-Daraqutni after (3979) of his "Sunan", and by Ibn 'Abd al-Barr in "al-Istidhkar" (25104 and 25105). Ibn 'Abd al-Barr said: al-Shafi'i, his uncle and his grandfather are of the household of Rukanah (from Banu Abd al-Muttalib bin Manaf), and they know best the story that befell him.
(2) إسناده حسن من أجل محمد بن علي بن شافع وعبد الله بن علي بن السائب، فقد وثقهما الشافعي في "الأم" 6/ 444، وروى عن كلٍّ منهما جمعٌ، ونافع بن عُمير روى عنه جمع، وذكره ابن حبان في "الثقات"، وقيل: له صحبة. وقد صحَّحه من هذه الطريق أبو داود كما نقله عنه الدارقطني بإثر (3979) من "سننه" وابنُ عبد البر في "الاستذكار" (25104) و (25105)، وقال ابن عبد البر: والشافعي وعمه وجده أهل بيت رُكانة من بني عبد المطلب بن مناف، وهم أعلم بالقصة التي عرض لها.
Reference / Source: Abu Dawud (2206) narrated it from Ibn al-Sarh and Abu Thawr Ibrahim bin Khalid al-Kalbi (along with others), who said: Muhammad bin Idris al-Shafi'i narrated to us, with this chain.
وأخرجه أبو داود (2206) عن ابن السَّرْح وأبي ثور إبراهيم بن خالد الكلبي في آخرين، قالوا: حدثنا محمد بن إدريس الشافعي، بهذا الإسناد.
Reference / Source: Abu Dawud also narrated it (2207) via Abd Allah bin al-Zubayr al-Humaydi, from al-Shafi'i, likewise, except that he said in his narration: "from Nafi' bin 'Ujayr, from Rukanah bin Abd Yazid".
Technical note / Defect ('illah): Abu Dawud mentioned this route of al-Humaydi separately to show the benefit that Nafi' took it from his uncle Rukanah (the person in the story), so it is "connected" (mawsul), contrary to the impression given by the others' narration that Nafi' narrated it as "mursal" and did not take it from his uncle. Among those who narrated it like al-Humaydi's narration from al-Shafi'i is Abu Dawud al-Tayalisi, who narrated it in his "Musnad" (1284) from a shaykh in Makkah, from Abd Allah bin 'Ali bin al-Sa'ib, from Nafi' bin 'Ujayr, from Rukanah.
Technical note / Defect ('illah): Abu Dawud mentioned this route of al-Humaydi separately to show the benefit that Nafi' took it from his uncle Rukanah (the person in the story), so it is "connected" (mawsul), contrary to the impression given by the others' narration that Nafi' narrated it as "mursal" and did not take it from his uncle. Among those who narrated it like al-Humaydi's narration from al-Shafi'i is Abu Dawud al-Tayalisi, who narrated it in his "Musnad" (1284) from a shaykh in Makkah, from Abd Allah bin 'Ali bin al-Sa'ib, from Nafi' bin 'Ujayr, from Rukanah.
وأخرجه أبو داود أيضًا (2207) من طريق عبد الله بن الزُّبَير الحميدي، عن الشافعي، به. غير أنه قال في روايته: عن نافع بن عُجير، عن ركانة بن عبد يزيد. وإنما أراد أبو داود بفصل طريق الحميدي هذه لما فيها من فائدة بيان أنَّ نافعًا أخذه عن عمه ركانة صاحب القصة، فهو موصول، خلافًا لما توهمه رواية الآخرين من أنَّ نافعًا أرسله ولم يأخذه عن عمِّه. ¤ ¤ وممَّن رواه كرواية الحميدي عن الشافعي أبو داود الطيالسي في "مسنده" (1284) عن شيخ بمكة، عن عبد الله بن علي بن السائب عن نافع بن عجير، عن ركانة.
Technical note / Defect ('illah): This hadith does not contradict the hadith of Ibn 'Abbas narrated by Ahmad (4/ 2387): "Rukanah bin Abd Yazid, the brother of Banu al-Muttalib, divorced his wife three times in one sitting", and then he mentioned something similar. That is because "al-battah" (irrevocable divorce) and "three divorces" are one and the same thing, with no difference between them; this is what appears from Malik's practice in his "Muwatta'" (al-Istidhkar: 25005), and likewise from al-Bukhari's practice in his "Sahih" (al-Fath: 16/ 47). Al-Hafiz said: this interpretation is strong. See al-Khattabi's "Ma'alim al-Sunan" (3/ 248) and Ibn al-'Arabi's "al-Masalik fi Sharh Muwatta' Malik" (5/ 546).
ولا يُعارض هذا الحديثُ حديثَ ابن عباس الذي أخرجه أحمد 4/ (2387)، قال: طلَّق ركانة بن عبد يزيد أخو بني المطلب امرأته ثلاثًا في مجلس واحد، ثم ذكر نحوه. لأنَّ البتّةَ والثلاثَ شيء واحد لا فرق بينهما، وهو ظاهر صنيع مالك في "موطئه" كما قال ابن عبد البر في "الاستذكار" (25005)، وكذلك هو ظاهر صنيع البخاري في "صحيحه"، كما قال الحافظ في "الفتح" 16/ 47 وقال: وهذا الحَمْل قويٌّ. وانظر "معالم السنن" للخطابي 3/ 248، "المسالك في شرح موطأ مالك" لابن العربي 5/ 546.
