المستدرك على الصحيحين
Al Mustadrak ala al‑Sahihayn
كتاب التفسير
Book of Tafsir
علة ذهاب بصر يعقوب عليه السلام ومصابه
The cause of Ya'qub (peace be upon him) losing his sight and of his grief
Hadith Number: 3368
حدثنا الشيخ ابو الوليد الفقيه، حدثنا خشنام (1) بن بشر، حدثنا ابو بكر بن ابي شيبة، حدثنا يحيى بن عبد الملك بن ابي غنية، عن حفص بن عمر بن الزبير، عن انس بن مالك قال: قال رسول الله ﷺ:"كان ليعقوب النبي ﵇ اخ مؤاخيا في الله، فقال ذات يوم: يا يعقوب، ما الذي اذهب بصرك؟ وما الذي قوس ظهرك؟ قال: فقال: اما الذي اذهب بصري فالبكاء على يوسف، واما الذي قوس ظهري فالحزن على ابني يامين، قال: فاتاه جبريل ﵇ فقال: يا يعقوب، إن الله يقرئك السلام ويقول: اما تستحيي تشكوني إلى غيري، قال: فقال يعقوب: ﴿إنما اشكو بثي وحزني إلى الله﴾ [يوسف: 86] فقال جبريل: اعلم ما تشكو يا يعقوب، قال: ثم قال يعقوب: اي رب، اما ترحم الشيخ الكبير، اذهبت بصري وقوست ظهري، فاردد علي ريحانتي اشمه شما قبل الموت، ثم اصنع بي ما اردت، قال: فاتاه جبريل فقال: إن الله يقرئك السلام ويقول لك: ابشر وليفرح قلبك، فوعزتي لو كانا ميتين لنشرتهما، فاصنع طعاما للمساكين، فإن احب عبادي إلي الانبياء والمساكين، وتدري لم اذهبت بصرك، وقوست ظهرك وصنع إخوة يوسف به ما صنعوا؟ إنكم ذبحتم شاة فاتاكم مسكين يتيم وهو صائم، فلم تطعموه منه شيئا، قال: فكان يعقوب بعد إذا اراد الغداء امر مناديا فنادى: الا من اراد الغداء من المساكين فليتغد مع يعقوب، وإذا كان صائما امر مناديا فنادى: الا من كان صائما من المساكين فليفطر مع يعقوب (2). قال الحاكم: هكذا في سماعي بخط يدي: حفص بن عمر بن الزبير، واظن الزبير وهما من الراوي، فإنه حفص بن عمر بن عبد الله بن ابي طلحة الانصاري ابن اخي انس بن مالك، فإن كان كذلك فالحديث صحيح! وقد اخرج الإمام ابو يعقوب إسحاق بن إبراهيم الحنظلي هذا الحديث في التفسير مرسلا:
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The Prophet of Allah Sayyiduna Ya'qub (peace be upon him) had a brother in Islam (a brother taken for the sake of Allah's pleasure). One day he asked: 'O Ya'qub! What has taken away your sight? And what has bent your back?' Sayyiduna Ya'qub (peace be upon him) said: 'Weeping over Yusuf has taken away my sight, and grief for my son Binyamin has bent my back.' At this Jibril (peace be upon him) came to him and said: 'O Ya'qub! Indeed, Allah sends you His greeting of peace and says: Are you not ashamed to complain about Me to others?' On hearing this, Sayyiduna Ya'qub (peace be upon him) said: 'I only complain of my anguish and my grief to Allah' [Surah Yusuf: 86] . Jibril (peace be upon him) said: 'O Ya'qub! I know what you are complaining of.' Then Sayyiduna Ya'qub (peace be upon him) supplicated: 'O my Lord! Will You not have mercy on this old man? You have taken my sight and bent my back, so return my sweet flower (my son) to me so that I may smell him once before death; then do with me as You will.' So Jibril (peace be upon him) came again and said: 'Indeed, Allah sends you His greeting of peace and says: Receive glad tidings and let your heart rejoice. By My might, even if the two of them had died, I would have brought them back to life for you. So prepare food for the poor, for the most beloved of My servants to Me are the prophets and the poor. And do you know why I took away your sight, bent your back, and why the brothers of Yusuf did to him what they did? (It happened because) you slaughtered a goat, and an orphan poor man came to you who was fasting, and you did not feed him anything from it.'" (The narrator said:) After this it became the practice of Sayyiduna Ya'qub (peace be upon him) that whenever he wanted to eat his morning meal, he would order a caller, who would announce: "Listen! Whoever among the poor wants to eat, let him come and eat with Ya'qub." And when he was fasting, he would order a caller, who would announce: "Listen! Whoever among the poor is fasting, let him come and break his fast with Ya'qub."
Imam al-Hakim said: In my record of hearing, in my own handwriting, it is written thus: "Hafs bin Umar bin al-Zubayr", and I think the name al-Zubayr is an error by the narrator, because this is in fact "Hafs bin Umar bin Abdullah bin Abi Talhah al-Ansari", the nephew of Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him). If that is so, then this hadith is sahih (authentic)! And Imam Abu Ya'qub Ishaq bin Ibrahim al-Hanzali also narrated this hadith in his Tafsir as a mursal report.
تخریج الحدیث: «إسناده ضعيف ومتنه منكر، كما قال الحافظ ابن كثير في "تفسيره" 4/ 330، حفص بن عمر بن الزبير كذا وقع مسمًّى عند المصنف، ولا يُعرَف مَن ذا، لكن وقع عند بعضهم مسمًّى: حفص بن عمر بن أبي الزبير وهذا ذكره ابن حبان في "ثقاته" 4/ 153 وأنه روى عن أنس ...» [ترقيم الرساله 3368] [ترقيم الشركة 3348]
Takhrij and Tahqiq of Hadith No. 3368 of Al Mustadrak ala al‑Sahihayn
by Shaykh Adil Murshid, Dr. Ahmad Barhoum, Dr. Muhammad Kamil Qarah Balli and Dr. Sa'id al-Lahham
Hadith-science notes and terminology
by Shaykh Adil Murshid, Dr. Ahmad Barhoum, Dr. Muhammad Kamil Qarah Balli and Dr. Sa'id al-Lahham
Hadith-science notes and terminology
Note / Clarification: In manuscript (B) this name was corrupted into "Hisham", and in ('A) into "Husam". This Khushnam has a biography in Ibn 'Asakir's "Tarikh Dimashq" (16/ 379-381) and al-Dhahabi's "Tarikh al-Islam" (6/ 942). Ibn 'Asakir transmitted from al-Hakim that he asked his shaykh, al-Hafiz Ahmad bin al-Khadir al-Shafi'i, about him, and he declared him trustworthy.
(1) تحرَّف في (ب) إلى: هشام، وفي (ع) إلى: حسام. وخشنام هذا ترجمه ابن عساكر في "تاريخ دمشق" 16/ 379 - 381، والذهبي في "تاريخ الإسلام" 6/ 942، ونقل ابن عساكر عن الحاكم أنه سأل عنه شيخه أحمد ابن الخضر الشافعي الحافظ فوثَّقه.
Grading: Its chain is da'if (weak) and its text is munkar (objectionable), as al-Hafiz Ibn Kathir said in his "Tafsir" (4/ 330).
Technical note / Defect ('illah): With the author (al-Hakim) the name appears as "Hafs bin 'Umar bin al-Zubayr", and it is not known who this is. But with some others the name appears as "Hafs bin 'Umar bin Abi al-Zubayr", whom Ibn Hibban mentioned in "al-Thiqat" (4/ 153), stating that he narrated from Anas and that Yahya bin Abi Ghaniyyah narrated from him. Ibn al-Jawzi mentioned him in "al-Du'afa' wa al-Matrukun" (943) and transmitted al-Azdi's statement about him: "munkar al-hadith, weak, unknown." The author's later claim that the narrator erred in it and that he is actually "Hafs bin 'Umar bin 'Abd Allah bin Abi Talhah" (who is thiqah) is not correct, because more than one person narrated it from Yahya bin Abi Ghaniyyah and none of them named him that way.
Technical note / Defect ('illah): With the author (al-Hakim) the name appears as "Hafs bin 'Umar bin al-Zubayr", and it is not known who this is. But with some others the name appears as "Hafs bin 'Umar bin Abi al-Zubayr", whom Ibn Hibban mentioned in "al-Thiqat" (4/ 153), stating that he narrated from Anas and that Yahya bin Abi Ghaniyyah narrated from him. Ibn al-Jawzi mentioned him in "al-Du'afa' wa al-Matrukun" (943) and transmitted al-Azdi's statement about him: "munkar al-hadith, weak, unknown." The author's later claim that the narrator erred in it and that he is actually "Hafs bin 'Umar bin 'Abd Allah bin Abi Talhah" (who is thiqah) is not correct, because more than one person narrated it from Yahya bin Abi Ghaniyyah and none of them named him that way.
(2) إسناده ضعيف ومتنه منكر، كما قال الحافظ ابن كثير في "تفسيره" 4/ 330، حفص بن عمر بن الزبير كذا وقع مسمًّى عند المصنف، ولا يُعرَف مَن ذا، لكن وقع عند بعضهم مسمًّى: حفص بن عمر بن أبي الزبير وهذا ذكره ابن حبان في "ثقاته" 4/ 153 وأنه روى عن أنس وروى عنه يحيى بن أبي غنية، وذكره ابن الجوزي في "الضعفاء والمتروكون" (943) ونقل عن الأزدي قوله فيه: منكر الحديث ضعيف مجهول. وليس صحيحًا ما ذهب إليه المصنف لاحقًا من أنَّ الراوي وهمَ فيه وأنه حفص بن عمر بن عبد الله بن أبي طلحة الثقة، فقد رواه غير واحد عن يحيى بن أبي غنية ولم يسمِّه هكذا.
Reference / Source: Al-Bayhaqi recorded it in "Shu'ab al-Iman" (3131) from Abu 'Abd Allah al-Hakim with this same chain.
وأخرجه البيهقي في "شعب الإيمان" (3131) عن أبي عبد الله الحاكم، بهذا الإسناد.
Reference / Source: Ibn Abi Hatim ("Tafsir" 7/ 2188), al-Bayhaqi (3131) and al-Shajari ("al-Amali" 2/ 183) recorded it through various routes from Yahya bin 'Abd al-Malik bin Abi Ghaniyyah.
وأخرجه ابن أبي حاتم في "تفسيره" 7/ 2188، والبيهقي (3131)، والشجري في "الأمالي" 2/ 183 من طرق عن يحيى بن عبد الملك بن أبي غنية به.
Reference / Source: Al-Tabarani recorded it in "al-Awsat" (6105) and "al-Saghir" (857) through the route of Wahb bin Baqiyyah, from Yahya bin 'Abd al-Malik, from Husayn bin 'Umar al-Ahmasi, from Abu al-Zubayr, from Anas. This is how it occurs with him.
Grading: This Husayn is matruk (abandoned); however, the one narrating from Wahb (who is al-Tabarani's shaykh) is Muhammad bin Ahmad al-Bahili, and he is very weak, as al-Haythami said in "Majma' al-Zawa'id" (7/ 40).
Grading: This Husayn is matruk (abandoned); however, the one narrating from Wahb (who is al-Tabarani's shaykh) is Muhammad bin Ahmad al-Bahili, and he is very weak, as al-Haythami said in "Majma' al-Zawa'id" (7/ 40).
وأخرجه الطبراني في "الأوسط" (6105)، و"الصغير" (857) من طريق وهب بن بقية، عن يحيى بن عبد الملك، عن حصين بن عمر الأحمسي، عن أبي الزبير، عن أنس. هكذا وقع عنده، وحصين هذا متروك إلّا أنَّ الراوي عن وهب وهو شيخ الطبراني: هو محمد بن أحمد الباهلي ضعيف جدًّا كما قال الهيثمي في "مجمع الزوائد" 7/ 40.
Reference / Source: Ibn Abi 'Umar al-'Adani recorded it in his "Musnad" (as in "al-Matalib al-'Aliyah" 3453) from Marwan bin Mu'awiyah al-Fazari, from Yahya bin Humayd, from Aban bin Abi 'Ayyash, from Anas.
Grading: Aban is matruk, and Yahya bin Humayd, if he is not Yahya bin 'Abd al-Malik bin Humayd bin Abi Ghaniyyah himself, then it is not known who he is.
Grading: Aban is matruk, and Yahya bin Humayd, if he is not Yahya bin 'Abd al-Malik bin Humayd bin Abi Ghaniyyah himself, then it is not known who he is.
وأخرجه ابن أبي عمر العدني في "مسنده" كما في "المطالب العالية" (3453) عن مروان بن معاوية الفزاري، عن يحيى بن حميد، عن أبان بن أبي عياش عن أنس. وأبان متروك، ويحيى بن حميد إن لم يكن هو يحيى بن عبد الملك بن حميد بن أبي غنية نفسه فلا يُعرَف من ذا.