Grading: This hadith is sahih, and its chain is "hasan" in corroborations and supporting reports.
Technical note / Defect ('illah): In it the narrator "Ishaq bin Muhammad al-Farwi" is weak but acceptable in corroboration (yu'tabaru bihi), and he has been corroborated.

Reference / Source: 'Abd Allah bin Ahmad narrated it in "Zawa'id al-Musnad" (31/ 18930) through Muhammad bin 'Abbad al-Makki, from Abu Sa'id the mawla of Banu Hashim, from 'Abd Allah bin Ja'far al-Zuhri, with this chain. He joined "Umm Bakr bint al-Miswar" with Ja'far bin Muhammad. The narration of Umm Bakr will come separately with the author at (4802).
Technical note / Defect ('illah): The chain of Ja'far bin Muhammad's narration is "sahih", whereas the narration of Umm Bakr has a "defect" ('illah), which we will mention in its place, in sha' Allah.

Technical note / Defect ('illah): The objection raised against this narration of 'Abd Allah bin Ahmad in the Musnad, that there is disagreement in it from Muhammad bin 'Abbad al-Makki (with al-Tabarani's narration cited as evidence), is not sound. For a flaw has occurred in the chain in the printed edition of al-Tabarani, which is corrected from Abu Musa al-Madini's book "al-Lata'if min Daqa'iq al-Ma'arif" (927), where he narrated it via al-Tabarani and clarified the chain in a way that agrees with the narration of 'Abd Allah bin Ahmad.

Reference / Source: This hadith was narrated by Ahmad (18926), al-Bukhari (3714, 3767, 5230), Muslim (2449), Abu Dawud (2071), Ibn Majah (1998), al-Tirmidhi (3867), al-Nasa'i (8312, 8313, 8465, 8466) and Ibn Hibban (6955) by two routes from 'Abd Allah bin 'Ubayd Allah bin Abi Mulaykah, from al-Miswar bin Makhramah.
Details of the narration: It is in the story of Banu Hisham bin al-Mughirah, when they asked the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) for permission to marry their daughter to 'Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "My daughter is a part of me; what disquiets her disquiets me, and what hurts her hurts me."

Details of the narration: Likewise the narration of al-Layth bin Sa'd (from Ibn Abi Mulaykah), and the narration of 'Amr bin Dinar from him in brief wording: "Fatimah is a part of me; whoever angers her angers me."

Reference / Source: Ahmad (18911 to 18913), al-Bukhari (3110), Muslim (2449), Abu Dawud (2069), Ibn Majah (1999), al-Nasa'i (8314, 8468, 8469) and Ibn Hibban (6957) narrated it via 'Ali bin al-Husayn bin 'Ali bin Abi Talib, from al-Miswar.
Details of the narration: It is in the story of 'Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) proposing marriage to the daughter of Abu Jahl, in which is the Prophet's (peace and blessings be upon him) statement: "Indeed Fatimah is from me, and I fear that she will be put to trial in her religion..." Then he said: "By Allah! The daughter of the Messenger of Allah and the daughter of the enemy of Allah can never be together in one place." So 'Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) withdrew from the proposal.

Note / Clarification: "Shujnah" (with a dammah or kasrah on the shin) means: a kinship intertwined like roots; it is likened to that figuratively and by extension.