المستدرك على الصحيحين
Al Mustadrak ala al‑Sahihayn
كتاب معرفة الصحابة رضي الله تعالى عنهم
Book of Knowing the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them)
شهادة سعد بن عبادة على يد الجن
Sa'd bin Ubadah (may Allah be pleased with him) was killed by the jinn
Hadith Number: 5183
حدثني علي بن حمشاذ العدل، حدثنا إسحاق بن الحسن ومحمد بن غالب، قالا: حدثنا عفان بن مسلم، حدثنا حماد بن سلمة، عن ثابت، عن انس: ان رسول الله ﷺ حين بلغه إقبال ابي سفيان، فتكلم ابو بكر، فاعرض عنه، ثم تكلم عمر، فاعرض عنه، فقال سعد بن عبادة: يا رسول الله، والذي نفسي بيده لو امرتنا ان نخوض البحر لخضناه (2)، ولو امرتنا ان نضرب اكبادها إلى برك الغماد لفعلنا، فندب رسول الله ﷺ الناس، فانطلقوا حتى نزلوا بدرا (3). صحيح على شرط مسلم، ولم يخرجاه.
[التعليق - من تلخيص الذهبي] ترقيم العلميه 5104 - سكت عنه الذهبي في التلخيص
[التعليق - من تلخيص الذهبي] ترقيم العلميه 5104 - سكت عنه الذهبي في التلخيص
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) that when news of the approach of Abu Sufyan's (trade caravan) reached the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) spoke, but he (peace and blessings be upon him) turned away from him. Then Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) spoke, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) turned away from him too. Then Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Ubadah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "O Messenger of Allah, by the One in whose Hand is my soul, if you were to order us to plunge into the sea, we would plunge into it; and if you were to order us to drive our mounts hard (at speed) as far as 'Bark al-Ghimad' (an extremely remote place), we would certainly do so." So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) called the people (to prepare), and they all set out until they encamped at Badr.
This hadith is sahih (authentic) on the condition of Muslim, but the two Shaykhs did not record it.
تخریج الحدیث: «إسناده صحيح،ثابت: هو ابن أسلم البُنَاني.» [ترقيم الرساله 5183] [ترقيم الشركة 5138] [ترقيم العلميه 5104]
Takhrij and Tahqiq of Hadith No. 5183 of Al Mustadrak ala al‑Sahihayn
by Shaykh Adil Murshid, Dr. Ahmad Barhoum, Dr. Muhammad Kamil Qarah Balli and Dr. Sa'id al-Lahham
Hadith-science notes and terminology
by Shaykh Adil Murshid, Dr. Ahmad Barhoum, Dr. Muhammad Kamil Qarah Balli and Dr. Sa'id al-Lahham
Hadith-science notes and terminology
Technical note / Defect ('illah): (2) Manuscripts (Z), (M) and (B) have "la-khudnaha" (with a feminine pronoun), which is on the interpretation of an omitted word (the horses: al-khayl), or taking the three-letter verb as transitive. But what is established in manuscript (S) and in al-Dhahabi's Talkhis ("la-khudnahu": masculine pronoun) is more fitting and sounder, because in it the pronoun refers back to the "sea" (bahr), which is clear.
(2) في (ز) و (م) و (ب): لخُضناها، على التأنيث، وهو على تأويل محذوف، يعني الخيل، ويكون على تعدية الثلاثي، من قولهم: خاض الماءَ أو الشرابَ في المِجْدَح، والمثبت من (ص) و"تلخيص الذهبي"، وهو أوجَهُ وأقعَدُ، ويكون بعَوْد الضمير المذكَّر على البحر، وهو واضح.
Grading: (3) Its chain is "sahih". (The narrator) "Thabit" refers to Ibn Aslam al-Bunani.
(3) إسناده صحيح. ثابت: هو ابن أسلم البُنَاني.
Reference / Source: Ahmad recorded it in the Musnad [21/(13297, 13703)] and Muslim in his Sahih (1779) via 'Affan bin Muslim with this same chain. Hence al-Hakim's including it as a supplement (istidrak) is an oversight on his part.
وأخرجه أحمد 21/ (13297) و (13703)، ومسلم (1779) من طريق عفان بن مسلم، بهذا الإسناد. فاستدراك الحاكم له ذهولٌ منه.
Reference / Source: Ahmad recorded it in the Musnad [21/(13296)] from 'Abd al-Samad bin 'Abd al-Warith, and Ibn Hibban (4722) via Hudbah bin Khalid, both of them from Hammad bin Salamah with this same chain.
وأخرجه أحمد 21/ (13296) عن عبد الصمد بن عبد الوارث، وابن حبان (4722) من طريق هدبة بن خالد، كلاهما عن حماد بن سلمة به.
Reference / Source: Ahmad [19/(12022) and 20/(12954)], al-Nasa'i (8290), (8527) and (11076), and Ibn Hibban (4721) recorded it via Humayd al-Tawil from Anas.
Technical note / Defect ('illah): However, in this narration the one who made the statement which in Thabit's narration is attributed to Ibn 'Ubadah is not explicitly named; rather the wording is: "Then a man from the Ansar said..."
Technical note / Defect ('illah): However, in this narration the one who made the statement which in Thabit's narration is attributed to Ibn 'Ubadah is not explicitly named; rather the wording is: "Then a man from the Ansar said..."
وأخرجه أحمد 19/ (12022) و 20/ (12954)، والنسائي (8290) و (8527) و (11076)، وابن حبان (4721) من طريق حميد الطويل، عن أنس. لكنه لم يصرِّح باسم قائل المقالة التي نُسبَت في رواية ثابت إلى ابن عُبادة، لكنه قال: فقال رجلٌ من الأنصار …
Important point: Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar mentioned in "Fath al-Bari" [12/23] that what is "mahfuz" (preserved) is that this statement was made by "Sa'd bin Mu'adh" (as Musa bin 'Uqbah and 'Urwah bin al-Zubayr mentioned). What occurs in this narration of Sahih Muslim (and in the mursal narration of 'Ikrimah) attributing it to Sa'd bin 'Ubadah is open to "nazar" (question), because Sa'd bin 'Ubadah was not present at Badr.
Technical note / Defect ('illah): Then, reconciling the two, he said: It is possible that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) consulted them twice about the Battle of Badr: the first time in Madinah when news of the caravan reached him (this is clear in Muslim's narration), and the second time after setting out. This explanation rests on the premise that Sa'd bin 'Ubadah was not present at Badr. But we have already mentioned under narration (5174) that the scholars of the Sirah differ over his presence there.
Technical note / Defect ('illah): Then, reconciling the two, he said: It is possible that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) consulted them twice about the Battle of Badr: the first time in Madinah when news of the caravan reached him (this is clear in Muslim's narration), and the second time after setting out. This explanation rests on the premise that Sa'd bin 'Ubadah was not present at Badr. But we have already mentioned under narration (5174) that the scholars of the Sirah differ over his presence there.
وذكر ابن حجر في "فتح الباري" 12/ 23 أنَّ المحفوظ في هذه المقالة أنها لسعد بن معاذ كما ذكره موسى بن عقبة وعروة بن الزبير، وأنَّ ما وقع في رواية مسلم هذه ووافقها مرسل عكرمة عند ابن أبي شيبة من نسبتها لسعد بن عُبادة أنه فيه نظرٌ، لكون سعد بن عُبادة لم يشهد بدرًا … ثم قال: ويمكن الجمع بأنَّ النبي ﷺ استشارهم في غزوة بدرٍ مرتين: الأولى وهو بالمدينة أول ما بلغه خبر العير مع أبي سفيان، وذلك بيِّن في رواية مسلم … والثانية كانت بعد أن خرج. وهذا مبنيٌّ على الجزم بعدم شهود سعد بن عُبادة بدرًا، لكن تقدم ذكرُنا عند الرواية (5174) الخلاف في شهوده بدرًا بين أهل السير.
Note / Clarification: "Bark al-Ghimad": a town in the south of the Arabian Peninsula on the coast of the Red Sea, about 450 km from Makkah.
وبَرْك الغِماد: بلدة تقع في جنوب الجزيرة العربية على ساحل البحر الأحمر، تبعد عن مكة قُرابة 450 كم.
