المستدرك على الصحيحين
Al Mustadrak ala al‑Sahihayn
كتاب معرفة الصحابة رضي الله تعالى عنهم
Book of Knowing the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them)
ومن نساء قريش اللاتي روين عن رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم - فاطمة بنت قيس بن وهب بن ثعلبة بن وائل بن عمرو بن شيبان بن محارب بن فهر : حدثني بصحة هذا النسب أبو بكر محمد بن أحمد بن بالويه ، ثنا إبراهيم بن إسحاق الحربي ، ثنا مصعب بن عبد الله الزبيري .
Among the women of the Quraysh who narrated hadith from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him): Fatimah bint Qays (may Allah be pleased with her)
Hadith Number: 7055
حدثنا ابو العباس محمد بن يعقوب، اخبرنا محمد بن عبد الله بن عبد الحكم، اخبرنا ابن وهب، اخبرني ابن ابي الزناد، عن هشام بن عروة، عن ابيه قال: دخلت على مروان بن الحكم فقلت له: إن امراة من اهلك طلقت فمررت عليها وهي تنتقل فعبت ذلك عليها، فقالوا: امرتنا فاطمة ابنة قيس، واخبرتنا: ان رسول الله ﷺ امرها ان تنتقل حين طلقها زوجها إلى ابن ام مكتوم، فقال مروان: اجل، هي امرتهن بذلك، قال عزوة: فقلت: اما والله لقد عابت ذلك عائشة اشد العيب، وقالت: إن فاطمة كانت مع زوجها في مكان وحش، فخيف على ناحيتها، ولذلك ارخص لها رسول الله ﷺ (1).
هذا حديث صحيح الإسناد، ولم يخرجاه بهذه السياقة.
[التعليق - من تلخيص الذهبي] ترقيم العلميه 6881 - صحيح
هذا حديث صحيح الإسناد، ولم يخرجاه بهذه السياقة.
[التعليق - من تلخيص الذهبي] ترقيم العلميه 6881 - صحيح
Hisham bin Urwah narrates from his father, who said: I went to Marwan bin al-Hakam and said to him: A woman of your family has been divorced. I passed by her while she was moving out (of her house during her waiting period), and I objected to it. The people said: Fatimah bint Qays instructed us to do this, and told us that when her husband divorced her, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered her to move to the house of Ibn Umm Maktum. Marwan said: "Yes, she (Fatimah) instructed them to do so." Urwah says: I said: "By Allah! Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) strongly disapproved of this and said: Fatimah (bint Qays) lived with her husband in a place (house) that was remote and desolate, and there was fear (for her safety) in her case; that is why the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) granted her a concession (to move from there)."
This hadith has a sahih (authentic) chain, but the two Shaykhs did not record it with these words.
تخریج الحدیث: «حديث صحيح، وهذا إسناد حسن من أجل ابن أبي الزناد: وهو عبد الرحمن.» [ترقيم الرساله 7055] [ترقيم الشركة 6975] [ترقيم العلميه 6881]
Takhrij and Tahqiq of Hadith No. 7055 of Al Mustadrak ala al‑Sahihayn
by Shaykh Adil Murshid, Dr. Ahmad Barhoum, Dr. Muhammad Kamil Qarah Balli and Dr. Sa'id al-Lahham
Hadith-science notes and terminology
by Shaykh Adil Murshid, Dr. Ahmad Barhoum, Dr. Muhammad Kamil Qarah Balli and Dr. Sa'id al-Lahham
Hadith-science notes and terminology
Grading: This hadith is "sahih".
Technical note / Defect ('illah): Because of 'Abd al-Rahman bin Abi al-Zinad, this chain is of the rank of "hasan".
Technical note / Defect ('illah): Because of 'Abd al-Rahman bin Abi al-Zinad, this chain is of the rank of "hasan".
(1) حديث صحيح، وهذا إسناد حسن من أجل ابن أبي الزناد: وهو عبد الرحمن.
Details of the narration: Abu Dawud narrated it in abridged form (2292) via Sulayman bin Dawud, from Abdullah bin Wahb, with this same chain.
وأخرجه مختصرًا أبو داود (2292) عن سليمان بن داود، عن عبد الله بن وهب، بهذا الإسناد.
Reference / Source: Ibn Majah (2032) narrated it via 'Abd al-'Aziz bin Abdullah, from Ibn Abi al-Zinad, with this same chain. And Imam al-Bukhari reported it "mu'allaq" (without a connected chain) from Ibn Abi al-Zinad after hadith no. (5326).
وأخرجه ابن ماجه (2032) من طريق عبد العزيز بن عبد الله، عن ابن أبي الزناد، به. وعلقه البخاري بإثر الحديث (5326) عن ابن أبي الزناد.
Reference / Source: Al-Bukhari (5321) and Abu Dawud (2295) narrated it via al-Qasim bin Muhammad and Sulayman bin Yasar.
Details of the narration: (The incident is that) Yahya bin Sa'id bin al-'As divorced (his wife) the daughter of 'Abd al-Rahman bin al-Hakam, and 'Abd al-Rahman moved her away from there. Upon this the Mother of the Believers 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) sent word to Marwan bin al-Hakam (who was then the governor of Madinah): "Fear Allah and return her to her house." According to Sulayman's narration, Marwan replied: "'Abd al-Rahman bin al-Hakam overpowered me (i.e. he did not accept my word)." And according to al-Qasim bin Muhammad, Marwan said to 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her): "Has the case of Fatimah bint Qays not reached you?" 'A'ishah said: "It will do you no harm if you do not mention the hadith of Fatimah (i.e. do not use it as evidence)." Upon this Marwan bin al-Hakam said: "If you hold that there is harm (in removing her from the house), then the harm (the fear of discord) between these two is sufficient for you."
Details of the narration: (The incident is that) Yahya bin Sa'id bin al-'As divorced (his wife) the daughter of 'Abd al-Rahman bin al-Hakam, and 'Abd al-Rahman moved her away from there. Upon this the Mother of the Believers 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) sent word to Marwan bin al-Hakam (who was then the governor of Madinah): "Fear Allah and return her to her house." According to Sulayman's narration, Marwan replied: "'Abd al-Rahman bin al-Hakam overpowered me (i.e. he did not accept my word)." And according to al-Qasim bin Muhammad, Marwan said to 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her): "Has the case of Fatimah bint Qays not reached you?" 'A'ishah said: "It will do you no harm if you do not mention the hadith of Fatimah (i.e. do not use it as evidence)." Upon this Marwan bin al-Hakam said: "If you hold that there is harm (in removing her from the house), then the harm (the fear of discord) between these two is sufficient for you."
وأخرج البخاري (5321)، وأبو داود (2295) من طريق القاسم بن محمد وسليمان بن يسار: أنَّ يحيى بن سعيد بن العاص طلق بنت عبد الرحمن بن الحكم، فانتقلها عبد الرحمن، فأرسلت عائشة أم المؤمنين إلى مروان بن الحكم، وهو أمير المدينة: اتق الله وارددها إلى بينها، قال مروان في حديث سليمان: إن عبد الرحمن بن الحكم غلبني. وقال القاسم بن محمد: أوَما بلغك شأن فاطمة بنت قيس؟ قالت: لا يضرُّك أن لا تذكر حديث فاطمة، فقال مروان بن الحكم: إن كان بك شر، فحسبك ما بين هذين من الشر.
Reference / Source: Al-Bukhari (5325), Muslim (1481) (54) and Abu Dawud (2293) narrated it via al-Qasim bin Muhammad (and the wording is his); also Muslim (1481) (52) via Hisham bin 'Urwah, and al-Bukhari (5327) via Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri. All three (al-Qasim, Hisham, al-Zuhri) narrate from 'Urwah bin al-Zubayr.
Details of the narration: 'Urwah said to 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her): "Have you not seen so-and-so, the daughter of al-Hakam, whose husband divorced her irrevocably (al-battah), and she left the house?" 'A'ishah said: "What she did was very bad." 'Urwah said: "Have you not heard about the statement of Fatimah (bint Qays)?" 'A'ishah said: "Indeed, there is no good for her (Fatimah) in mentioning this hadith."
Details of the narration: 'Urwah said to 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her): "Have you not seen so-and-so, the daughter of al-Hakam, whose husband divorced her irrevocably (al-battah), and she left the house?" 'A'ishah said: "What she did was very bad." 'Urwah said: "Have you not heard about the statement of Fatimah (bint Qays)?" 'A'ishah said: "Indeed, there is no good for her (Fatimah) in mentioning this hadith."
وأخرج البخاري (5325)، ومسلم (1481) (54)، وأبو داود (2293) من طريق القاسم بن محمد - واللفظ له - ومسلم (1481) (52) من طريق هشام بن عروة، والبخاري (5327) من طريق ابن شهاب الزهري ثلاثتهم عن عروة بن الزبير قال لعائشة: ألم تري إلى فلانة بنت الحكم، طلقها زوجها البتة فخرجت؟ فقالت: بئسما صنعت قال: ألم تسمعي في قول فاطمة؟ قالت: أما إنه ليس لها خير في ذكر هذا الحديث.
Reference / Source: Al-Bukhari (5323) and Muslim (1481) (54) narrated it via 'Abd al-Rahman bin al-Qasim, from his father (al-Qasim), from 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her).
Details of the narration: 'A'ishah said: "What is the matter with Fatimah that she does not fear Allah?" She meant Fatimah's statement that (a woman divorced three times) has neither housing nor maintenance.
Details of the narration: 'A'ishah said: "What is the matter with Fatimah that she does not fear Allah?" She meant Fatimah's statement that (a woman divorced three times) has neither housing nor maintenance.
وأخرج البخاري (5323)، ومسلم (1481) (54) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن القاسم، عن أبيه، عن عائشة أنها قالت: ما لفاطمة ألا تتقي الله؟ يعني في قولها: لا سكنى ولا نفقة.
Note / Clarification: Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar says in "Fath al-Bari" 16/ 297: His words "wahsh" (with fathah on the waw, sukun on the unpointed ha', and a pointed shin at the end) mean: an empty place where there is no one to keep company.
Corroborating chains and supporting reports: This narration of Ibn Abi al-Zinad has a shahid (supporting report) from the narration of Abu Usamah from Hisham bin 'Urwah, but he said "from his father, from Fatimah bint Qays". (Its words are): Fatimah said: I said, O Messenger of Allah! My husband has divorced me three times, and I fear that someone may force his way in upon me. So he (peace and blessings be upon him) instructed her, and she moved.
Corroborating chains and supporting reports: This narration of Ibn Abi al-Zinad has a shahid (supporting report) from the narration of Abu Usamah from Hisham bin 'Urwah, but he said "from his father, from Fatimah bint Qays". (Its words are): Fatimah said: I said, O Messenger of Allah! My husband has divorced me three times, and I fear that someone may force his way in upon me. So he (peace and blessings be upon him) instructed her, and she moved.
قال الحافظ ابن حجر في "فتح الباري" 16/ 297: قوله: "وَحْش" بفتح الواو وسكون المهملة بعدها مُعجمة، أي: خالٍ لا أنِيسَ به، ولرواية ابن أبي الزناد هذه شاهدٌ من رواية أبي أسامة عن هشام بن عروة لكن قال: عن أبيه عن فاطمة بنت قيس، قالت: قلت: يا رسول الله، إن زوجي طلقني ثلاثًا فأخافُ أن يُقتحم علي، فأمرها فتحوَّلت.
Important point: We (the editors) say: This narration was recorded by Muslim (1482) (53), Ibn Majah (2033) and al-Nasa'i (5709) via "Hafs bin Ghiyath" (not via Abu Usamah, as al-Hafiz said), from Hisham, from his father, from Fatimah bint Qays.
Linguistic note: Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar (16/ 296) says: "al-iqtiham" means rushing in upon a person or entering without permission.
Linguistic note: Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar (16/ 296) says: "al-iqtiham" means rushing in upon a person or entering without permission.
قلنا: هذه الرواية أخرجها مسلم (1482) (53)، وابن ماجه (2033)، والنسائي (5709) من طريق حفص بن غياث (وليس من طريق أبي أسامة) عن هشام، عن أبيه، عن فاطمة بنت قيس قالت، فذكرته. قال الحافظ 16/ 296: والاقتحام: الهجوم على الشَّخص بغير إذنٍ.
Technical note / Defect ('illah): Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar mentions a benefit in "Fath al-Bari" 16/ 298: Abu Muhammad Ibn Hazm criticised the "mu'allaq" narration of Ibn Abi al-Zinad and said that "'Abd al-Rahman bin Abi al-Zinad is very weak", and he ruled this narration to be false. This was answered by pointing out that he is a "mukhtalaf fih" narrator (one about whom the imams differ), and those who criticised him did not mention anything indicating that he should be abandoned, let alone that his narration is false. Moreover, Yahya bin Ma'in stated with certainty that "he is the most reliable of people in narrating from Hisham bin 'Urwah", and this narration is from Hisham. How excellent is al-Bukhari! How vast is his recall, and how fine his handling of hadith and fiqh!
فائدة: قال الحافظ في "فتح الباري" 16/ 298: طعن أبو محمد بن حزم في رواية ابن أبي الزناد المعلَّقة فقال: عبد الرحمن بن أبي الزناد ضعيف جدًّا، وحكم على روايته هذه بالبطلان، وتُعقِّبَ بأنَّه مُختلف فيه، ومَن طَعَنَ فيه لم يذكر ما يدلُّ على تركه فضلًا عن بطلان روايته، وقد جزم يحيى بن معين بأنَّه أثبتُ الناس في هشام بن عروة، وهذا من روايته عن هشام، فلله در البخاري ما أكثر استحضاره، وأحسن تصرفه في الحديث والفقه!