مصنف ابن ابي شيبه
Musanif Ibn Abi Shaiba
كتاب المغازي
Book of Battles
ما رأي النبي ﷺ قبل النبوة
Matters Witnessed by the Prophet (ﷺ) Before Prophethood
Numbering by, Al-Awamah: 37695, Al-Shathri: ,39299
٣٩٢٩٩ - (حدثنا ابو بكر قال) (١): حدثنا ابو اسامة قال: حدثنا (مجالد) (٢) قال: حدثنا عامر قال: انطلق عمر إلى يهود فقال: انشدكم (الله) (٣) الذي انزل التوراة على موسى هل تجدون محمدا (٤) في كتبكم؟ قالوا: نعم، قال: فما يمنعكم ان تتبعوه؟ (فقالوا) (٥): إن الله لم يبعث رسولا إلا كان له من الملائكة (كفل) (٦)، (وإن) (٧) جبرائيل (كفل) (٨) محمد (٩)، وهو الذي ياتيه، وهو عدونا من بين الملائكة، وميكائيل سلمنا، فلو كان ميكائيل هو الذي (ياتيه) (١٠) اسلمنا، قال: (فإني) (١١) انشدكم بالله الذي انزل التوراة على موسى ما منزلتهما من رب العالمين؟ قالوا: جبرائيل عن يمينه وميكائيل عن يساره، قال عمر: فإني (اشهد) (١٢) ما (يتنزلان) (١٣) إلا بإذن الله، وما كان ميكائيل ⦗٣٤٨⦘ (ليسالم) (١٤) عدو جبرئيل، وما كان جبرئيل (ليسالم) (١٥) عدو ميكائيل فبينما هو عندهم إذ جاء النبي ﷺ فقالوا: هذا (صاحبك) (١٦) يا ابن الخطاب؟ فقام إليه فاتاه وقد انزل عليه: ﴿قل من كان عدوا لجبريل فإنه نزله على قلبك بإذن الله﴾ إلى قوله: ﴿فإن الله عدو للكافرين﴾ [البقرة: ٩٧، ٩٨] (١٧).
ريفرينس و تحكيم الحدیث:
(١) سقط من: [جـ، ق، ي].
(٢) في [س]: (مجاهد).
(٣) سقط من: [جـ، ق، ي].
(٤) في [جـ، ق، ي]: زيادة ﷺ.
(٥) في [أ، ب]: (قالوا).
(٦) في [ط، هـ]: (كفيل).
(٧) في [أ]: (فإن).
(٨) في [ط، هـ]: (كفيل).
(٩) في [هـ، ي]: زيادة ﷺ.
(١٠) سقط من: [س].
(١١) سقط من: [جـ، ق].
(١٢) في [س]: (أنشد).
(١٣) في [ي]: (منزلان).
(١٤) في [أ، ب، جـ، س، ي]: (ليسال).
(١٥) في [أ، جـ، س، ي]: (ليسال)، وفي [ب]: (ليسال).
(١٦) في [ب]: (صاحبكم).
(١٧) مرسل ضعيف؛ عامر تابعي، ومجالد ضعيف، أخرجه ابن أبي حاتم (٩٦٠)، وابن جرير في التفسير ١/ ٤٣٣ و ٤٣٥، وابن شبه (١٤٦٨).
Hazrat Aamir narrates that Hazrat Umar went to the Jews and said, "I ask you by the God who sent down the Torah upon Moses, do you find (the attributes of) Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) in your books?" The Jews replied, "Yes." Hazrat Umar then asked, "Then what prevents you from following him?" The Jews said, "Allah has not sent any messenger except that he has a companion from among the angels. And Muhammad’s (peace and blessings be upon him) companion is Jibreel, and he is the one who comes to him. Among the angels, he is our enemy, and we are reconciled with Mikaeel. So if Mikaeel used to come to Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), we would have accepted Islam." Hazrat Umar said, "I ask you by the God who sent down the Torah upon Moses, what is the status and rank of these two angels with the Lord of the worlds?" The Jews replied, "Jibreel is on the right side of Allah Almighty and Mikaeel is on the left side of Allah Almighty." Hazrat Umar said, "So indeed, I bear witness that both angels descend only by the command of Allah Almighty. And Mikaeel is not such that he reconciles with the enemies of Jibreel, nor is Jibreel such that he reconciles with the enemies of Mikaeel." Hazrat Umar was still with the Jews when the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) arrived, so the Jews said, "Here is your companion, O Ibn Khattab!" So Hazrat Umar stood up towards the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and presented himself to him, while these verses had already been revealed to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): { مَنْ کَانَ عَدُوًّا لِجِبْرِیلَ فَإِنَّہُ نَزَّلَہُ عَلَی قَلْبِکَ بِإِذْنِ اللہِ …إِلَی قَوْلِہِ… فَإِنَّ اللَّہَ عَدُوٌّ لِلْکَافِرِینَ }.
تخریج الحدیث:
Numbering by, Al-Awamah: 37696, Al-Shathri: ,39300
٣٩٣٠٠ - حدثنا (قراد) (١) ابو نوح قال: (اخبرنا) (٢) يونس (بن) (٣) ابي إسحاق عن ابي بكر بن ابي موسى (عن ابيه) (٤) قال: خرج ابو طالب إلى الشام وخرج معه رسول الله صلى الله وعليه (وسلم) (٥) واشياخ من قريش، فلما اشرفوا على الراهب هبطوا فحلوا رحالهم، (فخرج) (٦) إليهم الراهب، وكانوا قبل ذلك يمرون به فلا يخرج إليهم ولا يلتفت، قال: فهم يحلون رحالهم فجعل يتخللهم حتى جاء فاخذ بيد رسول الله ﷺ فقال: هذا سيد العالين، هذا رسول رب العالمين، هذا (يبعثه) (٧) ⦗٣٤٩⦘ الله رحمة للعالمين، فقال له اشياخ من قريش: ما (علمك؟) (٨) قال: إنكم (٩) حين اشرفتم من العقبة لم (تبق شجرة) (١٠) ولا (حجر) (١١) إلا خر ساجدا، ولا (يسجدون) (١٢) إلا لنبي، وإني لاعرفه بخاتم النبوة اسفل من غضروف كتفه مثل التفاحة، ثم رجع (ووضع) (١٣) لهم طعاما، فلما اتاهم به وكان هو في (رعية) (١٤) (الإبل) (١٥) قال: ارسلوا إليه، فاقبل وعليه غمامة تظله، قال: انظروا إليه عليه غمامة تظله، فلما دنا (من) (١٦) القوم وجدهم قد سبقوا إلى فيء الشجرة (١٧)، (فلما جلس مال فيء الشجرة عليه، فقال: انظروا إلى فيء الشجرة) (١٨) (مال) (١٩) عليه، قال: فبينما هو قائم عليهم وهو يناشدهم ان لا (يذهبوا) (٢٠) به إلى الروم، (فإن الروم) (٢١) لو راوه عرفوه بالصفة فقتلوه، فالتفت فإذا هو بتسعة نفر قد اقبلوا من الروم فاستقبلهم، فقال (٢٢): ما جاء ⦗٣٥٠⦘ بكم؟ (قالوا) (٢٣): جئنا ان هذا النبي خارج في هذا الشهر، فلم يبق في طريق إلا قد بعث إليه ناس، وإنا اخبرنا خبره فبعثنا إلى طريقك هذا، فقال (لهم) (٢٤): ما خلفتم خلفكم احدا هو خير منكم؟ قالوا: (لا) (٢٥)، إنما (اخبرنا) (٢٦) خبره (٢٧) لطريقك هذا، قال: افرايتم امرا اراد الله ان يقضيه (٢٨) (هل) (٢٩) يستطيع احد من الناس رده؟ قالوا: لا، قال (٣٠): (فبايعوه) (٣١) واقاموا معه، فاتاهم فقال: انشدكم بالله ايكم وليه؟ قال ابو طالب: انا، فلم يزل يناشده حتى رده ابو طالب وبعث معه ابو بكر (بلالا) (٣٢) وزوده الراهب من الكعك والزيت (٣٣).
ريفرينس و تحكيم الحدیث:
(١) في [هـ]: (قراء).
(٢) في [ي]: (أنبأنا).
(٣) في [أ، ب، جـ، ي]: (عن).
(٤) كذا في [ق، هـ] وسقط من: [أ، ب، جـ، س، ي]، وأثبتها من مصادر التخريج، ومما تقدم ١١/ ٣٧٩ برقم [٣٣٨٩٤].
(٥) سقط من: [س].
(٦) سقط من: [س].
(٧) في [ي]: (بعثه).
(٨) في [هـ]: (عملك).
(٩) في [أ، ب]: زيادة (فيوفر بشيء ما علمك؟ قال: إنكم).
(١٠) في [أ، هـ]: (يبق شجر).
(١١) في [س]: (حجرًا).
(١٢) في [ق، هـ]: (يسجد).
(١٣) في [ق، هـ]: (صنع).
(١٤) في [س]: (رعيته)، وفي [ب]: (رغبة)، وفي [ي]: (رعية).
(١٥) سقط من: [أ، ب].
(١٦) في [ي]: (إلى).
(١٧) في [هـ]: زيادة (عليه).
(١٨) سقط من: [س].
(١٩) في [س]: (كان).
(٢٠) في [أ، ب، جـ]: (تذهبوا).
(٢١) سقط من: [س].
(٢٢) في [ق]: زيادة (لهم).
(٢٣) سقط من: [ق].
(٢٤) سقط من: [ق].
(٢٥) في [س]: (الإ).
(٢٦) في [س]: (اخترنا)، وفي [ي]: (اختبرنا).
(٢٧) في [هـ]: زيادة (فبعثنا).
(٢٨) في [س]: زيادة (له).
(٢٩) في [ق، هـ]: (وهل).
(٣٠) في [ي]: زيادة (لا).
(٣١) في بعض المصادر: (فتابعوه).
(٣٢) في [س]: (وبلالا).
(٣٣) معلول؛ قال الذهبي في تاريخ الإسلام ١/ ٥٧: "وهو حديث منكر جدًا"، وأخرجه الترمذي (٣٦٢٠)، والحاكم ٢/ ٦١٥، والبزار (٣٠٩٦)، وابن حبان في الثقات ١/ ٤٢، والبيهقي في دلائل النبوة ٢/ ٢٤، وأبو نعيم في دلائل النبوة (١٩)، والخطيب في تاريخ بغداد ٣/ ٤، وانظر الإصابة ١/ ٣٥٣.
Hazrat Abu Bakr bin Abu Musa narrates from his father that Abu Talib set out towards Syria, and with him were the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and some elderly men of the Quraysh. When these people reached the monk, they camped and dismounted from their mounts. The monk came towards them, and previously, when these people used to pass by the monk, he would not come to them nor pay attention to them. The narrator says: As these people were dismounting, the monk began to walk among them until he came and took the hand of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said, "This is the leader of the worlds, and this is the Messenger of the Lord of the worlds. Allah Almighty has sent him as a mercy to the worlds." The people of Quraysh said to the monk, "How do you know this?" He said, "When you ascended the pass, there was not a tree or a stone left except that it bowed down in prostration, and these things only prostrate to prophets. And I recognize him by the seal of prophethood, which is like an apple beneath the soft bone of his shoulder."
2. Then the monk returned and prepared food for them (the caravan). When he brought the food to the caravan, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was (assigned) to guard the camels. The monk said, "Send someone to him." So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came, and a cloud was shading him. The monk said, "Look at him! There is a cloud over him, shading him." Then, when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) approached the people, and the people were already sitting in the shade of a tree, when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sat down, the shade of the tree inclined towards him. The monk said, "Look at the shade of the tree; it has inclined towards him as well."
3. The narrator says: When the monk was standing with the people of the caravan and insisting that the caravan people should not take him to Rome, because if the Romans saw him, they would recognize him by his attributes and kill him. Meanwhile, he turned and saw a group of nine (9) people who had come from Rome. The monk turned to them and asked, "What has brought you here?" They said, "We have received information that this Prophet will emerge from this city. There is no route left except that people have been sent towards it, and we have been informed about him and sent towards your route." The monk said to those people, "Have you left anyone behind you who is better than yourselves?" They said, "No! We have only been informed about your route regarding his news." The monk said, "Tell me about this matter which Allah Almighty has decided to fulfill; is there anyone among the people who has the power to reject it?" They said, "No!" The narrator says: So those people accepted the monk's words and stayed with him.
4. Then the monk came to the people of the caravan and said, "I ask you by Allah! Who is the guardian of this (child)?" Abu Talib said, "I am his guardian." The monk kept insisting to Abu Talib until Abu Talib sent the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) back, and Hazrat Abu Bakr sent Hazrat Bilal with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). The monk presented cake and olives to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) as provisions for the journey.
2. Then the monk returned and prepared food for them (the caravan). When he brought the food to the caravan, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was (assigned) to guard the camels. The monk said, "Send someone to him." So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came, and a cloud was shading him. The monk said, "Look at him! There is a cloud over him, shading him." Then, when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) approached the people, and the people were already sitting in the shade of a tree, when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sat down, the shade of the tree inclined towards him. The monk said, "Look at the shade of the tree; it has inclined towards him as well."
3. The narrator says: When the monk was standing with the people of the caravan and insisting that the caravan people should not take him to Rome, because if the Romans saw him, they would recognize him by his attributes and kill him. Meanwhile, he turned and saw a group of nine (9) people who had come from Rome. The monk turned to them and asked, "What has brought you here?" They said, "We have received information that this Prophet will emerge from this city. There is no route left except that people have been sent towards it, and we have been informed about him and sent towards your route." The monk said to those people, "Have you left anyone behind you who is better than yourselves?" They said, "No! We have only been informed about your route regarding his news." The monk said, "Tell me about this matter which Allah Almighty has decided to fulfill; is there anyone among the people who has the power to reject it?" They said, "No!" The narrator says: So those people accepted the monk's words and stayed with him.
4. Then the monk came to the people of the caravan and said, "I ask you by Allah! Who is the guardian of this (child)?" Abu Talib said, "I am his guardian." The monk kept insisting to Abu Talib until Abu Talib sent the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) back, and Hazrat Abu Bakr sent Hazrat Bilal with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). The monk presented cake and olives to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) as provisions for the journey.
تخریج الحدیث:
Numbering by, Al-Awamah: 37697, Al-Shathri: ,39301
٣٩٣٠١ - حدثنا ابن (فضيل) (١) عن عطاء عن سعيد عن ابن عباس انه لم (تكن) (٢) قبيلة من الجن إلا ولهم مقاعد للسمع، قال: فكان إذا نزل الوحي ⦗٣٥١⦘ سمعت الملائكة صوتا كصوت الحديدة القيتها على الصفا، قال: فإذا سمعته الملائكة خروا سجدا فلم يرفعوا رؤوسهم حتى ينزل، فإذا نزل قال بعضهم لبعض: ماذا قال ربكم؟ فإن كان مما يكون في السماء قالوا: الحق وهو العلي الكبير، فإن كان مما يكون في الارض [من امر (الغيب) (٣) او موت او شيء مما يكون في الارض] (٤) تكلموا به (فقالوا) (٥): يكون كذا كذا، فتسمعه الشياطين فينزلونه على اوليائهم، فلما بعث الله محمدا ﷺ (٦) دحروا بالنجوم، فكان اول من علم بها ثقيف، فكان ذو الغنم منهم ينطلق إلى غنمه فيذبح كل يوم شاة، وذو الإبل ينحر كل يوم بعيرا، فاسرع الناس في اموالهم، فقال بعضهم لبعض: لا تفعلوا، فإن كانت النجوم التي يهتدى بها وإلا فإنه امر حدث، (فنظروا) (٧) فإذا النجوم التي يهتدى بها كما هي، لم يرم منها بشيء فكفوا، وصرف الله الجن فسمعوا القرآن، فلما حضروه قالوا: انصتوا، قال: وانطلقت الشياطين إلى إبليس (فاخبروه) (٨) فقال: هذا (حدث) (٩) حدث في الارض، فاتوني من كل ارض بتربة، فلما اتوه بتربة تهامة قال: هاهنا الحدث (١٠).
ريفرينس و تحكيم الحدیث:
(١) في [ي]: (فضل).
(٢) في [ي]: (يكن).
(٣) في [أ، ب، جـ، س]: (الغيث).
(٤) في [ي]: تكرر ما بين المعكوفين.
(٥) في [أ، ب]: (فقال).
(٦) سقط من: [س، هـ].
(٧) في [ي]: (فنظر).
(٨) في [جـ]: (فأخذوه).
(٩) في [أ، ب، ق]: (حادث).
(١٠) ضعيف؛ ابن فضيل روى عن عطاء بعد اختلاطه، وأخرجه ابن جرير في التفسير ٢٣/ ٣٨، والمروزي في تعظيم الصلاة (١٩)، وأبو نعيم في دلائل النبوة (٦٧٧)، والبيهقي في دلائل النبوة ٢/ ٢٤٠، وابن عساكر ٤/ ٣٩٠.
It is narrated from Hazrat Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that there was no tribe of the jinn except that they had seats for listening (to heavenly matters). He says: When revelation would descend, the angels would hear a sound like the sound of iron being thrown on a smooth stone. He says: When the angels heard this sound, they would fall into prostration. They would not raise their heads until the revelation was completed. Then, when the revelation was completed, some angels would ask others: What has your Lord said? If the revelation was about a heavenly matter, the angels would say: He has spoken the truth, and He is Most High, Most Great. And if the revelation was about an earthly matter—an unseen affair, death, or any worldly matter—the angels would converse among themselves and say: Such and such will happen. The devils would overhear these things and then convey them to their friends (allies). But when Allah Almighty sent Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), the devils were destroyed by the stars. The first to become aware of this (the falling of the stars) was the tribe of Thaqif. Among them, the one with goats would go to his goats and slaughter one goat each day, and the one with camels would slaughter one camel each day. So the people began to hasten among themselves. Then some of them said to others: Do not do this. If these are the guiding stars (then it is fine), otherwise it is due to some new event. So the people observed and saw that the guiding stars were as they were; none of them had been thrown. The people stopped. And Allah Almighty turned the jinn away, and they heard the Qur’an. So when the jinn attended (the recitation of) the Qur’an, they said: Be silent. Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) says: The devils went to Iblis and informed him, and he said: This event has occurred on the earth. So bring me soil from every land. When the devils brought Iblis the soil of Tihamah, he said: It is here that this new event has occurred.
تخریج الحدیث:
Numbering by, Al-Awamah: 37698, Al-Shathri: ,39302
٣٩٣٠٢ - حدثنا عبد الله بن إدريس وابو اسامة وغندر عن شعبة عن عمرو بن مرة عن عبد الله بن سلمة عن صفوان بن عسال قال: قال يهودي لصاحبه: اذهب بنا إلى (هذا) (١) النبي، (قال) (٢): فقال (صاحبه) (٣): لا (تقل) (٤) نبي، فإنه لو سمعك كان له اربع (اعين) (٥)، قال: فاتيا رسول الله ﷺ فسالاه عن تسع آيات بينات فقال:"لا تشركوا بالله شيئا، ولا تزنوا ولا تسرقوا، ولا تقتلوا النفس التي حرم الله إلا بالحق، ولا تمشوا ببريء إلى (ذي) (٦) سلطان فيقتله، ولا تسحروا، ولا تاكلوا الربا، ولا تقذفوا المحصنة، ولا تولوا للفرار يوم الزحف، وعليكم خاصة يهود: (لا) (٧) تعدوا في السبت"، قال: فقبلوا يديه ورجليه وقالوا: نشهد انك نبي (٨) (حق) (٩)، قال:"فما يمنعكم ان تتبعوني؟" قالوا: إن داود دعا: لا يزال في ذربته نبي، وإنا نخاف ان تقتلنا يهود (١٠).
ريفرينس و تحكيم الحدیث:
(١) سقط من: [ق].
(٢) سقط من: [هـ].
(٣) في [ب]: (لصاحبه).
(٤) في [ب]: (ميل).
(٥) في [س]: (أعيي).
(٦) سقط من: [ق].
(٧) في [أ، ب]: (ولا).
(٨) في [ت]: زيادة ﷺ.
(٩) سقط من: [هـ].
(١٠) حسن؛ عبد اللَّه بن سلمة صدوق، أخرجه أحمد (١٨٠٩٢)، وابن ماجه (٣٧٠٥)، والترمذي (٣١٤٤)، والنسائي ٧/ ١١١، والحاكم ١/ ٩، وابن أبي عاصم في الآحاد (٢٤٦٦)، وابن جرير في التفسير ١٥/ ١٧٢، والطيالسي (١١٦٤)، والطحاوي ٣/ ٢١٥، والطبرني (٧٣٩٦)، وأبو نعيم في الحلية ٥/ ٩٧، والبيهقي ١٤/ ١٨٧.
Hazrat Safwan bin Assal narrates that a Jew said to his companion, "Take us to this Prophet!" His companion replied, "No! Do not say 'Prophet,' because if he hears you, he will have four eyes." The narrator says: Both of them came to the service of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and they asked him about the nine clear signs. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "Do not associate anyone with Allah, do not commit adultery, do not steal, do not kill the soul which Allah has forbidden except by right, do not slander an innocent person before a powerful one so that he kills the innocent, do not practice magic, do not consume usury, do not accuse a chaste woman of adultery, do not turn your back and flee on the day of battle, and O special ones among the Jews, it is also obligatory upon you not to transgress on the Sabbath." The narrator says: The Jews kissed the hands and feet of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and began to say, "We bear witness that you are indeed a true Prophet." The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "What prevents you from following me?" They replied: "David prayed that prophethood would remain continuously in his lineage, and we fear that the Jews will kill us."
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