موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik Riwayat Yahya
بَابُ جِرَاحِ الْمُكَاتَبِ
Injuries of the Mukatab (contracted slave)
Hadith Number: 1297Q2
قال يحيى: قال مالك في القوم يكاتبون جميعا فيجرح احدهم جرحا فيه عقل، قال مالك: من جرح منهم جرحا فيه عقل قيل له وللذين معه في الكتابة: ادوا جميعا عقل ذلك الجرح، فإن ادوه ثبتوا على كتابتهم، وإن لم يؤدوه فقد عجزوا، ويخير سيدهم، فإن شاء ادى عقل ذلك الجرح ورجعوا عبيدا له جميعا، وإن شاء اسلم الجارح وحده ورجع الآخرون عبيدا له جميعا بعجزهم عن اداء عقل ذلك الجرح الذي جرح صاحبهم.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if several slaves are contracted for manumission together, and then one of those slaves injures someone, all the slaves will be told to pay the blood money. If they pay, they will remain on their contract of manumission; if they do not pay, all of them will be considered incapable. If the slave who caused the injury is handed over, the remaining slaves will revert to being the master's slaves as before, because they became incapable of paying the blood money.
تخریج الحدیث: «فواد عبدالباقي نمبر: 39 - كِتَابُ الْمُكَاتَبِ-ح: 5»
Hadith Number: 1297Q3
قال مالك: الامر الذي لا اختلاف فيه عندنا ان المكاتب إذا اصيب بجرح يكون له فيه عقل، او اصيب احد من ولد المكاتب الذين معه في كتابته، فإن عقلهم عقل العبيد في قيمتهم، وان ما اخذ لهم من عقلهم يدفع إلى سيدهم الذي له الكتابة، ويحسب ذلك للمكاتب في آخر كتابته، فيوضع عنه ما اخذ سيده من دية جرحه.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a mukatab or his child who is included in the contract of manumission is injured by someone, then his blood money will be like that of slaves, and that blood money will be given to the master, and that amount will be deducted from the contract of manumission.
تخریج الحدیث: «فواد عبدالباقي نمبر: 39 - كِتَابُ الْمُكَاتَبِ-ح: 5»
Hadith Number: 1297Q4
قال مالك: وتفسير ذلك انه كانه كاتبه على ثلاثة آلاف درهم، وكان دية جرحه الذي اخذ سيده الف درهم، فإذا ادى المكاتب إلى سيده الفي درهم فهو حر، وإن كان الذي بقي عليه من كتابته الف درهم وكان الذي اخذ من دية جرحه الف درهم، فقد عتق، وإن كان عقل جرحه اكثر مما بقي على المكاتب، اخذ سيد المكاتب ما بقي من كتابته وعتق، وكان ما فضل بعد اداء كتابته للمكاتب، ولا ينبغي ان يدفع إلى المكاتب شيء من دية جرحه فياكله ويستهلكه، فإن عجز رجع إلى سيده اعور او مقطوع اليد او معضوب الجسد، وإنما كاتبه سيده على ماله وكسبه، ولم يكاتبه على ان ياخذ ثمن ولده ولا ما اصيب من عقل جسده فياكله ويستهلكه، ولكن عقل جراحات المكاتب وولده الذين ولدوا في كتابته او كاتب عليهم يدفع إلى سيده، ويحسب ذلك له في آخر كتابته.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that its explanation is as follows: If a person makes his slaves mukatab for three thousand dirhams, and receives one thousand dirhams as blood money for his wound, then now when the mukatab pays two thousand dirhams, he will be freed. If only one thousand dirhams remained due for the contract of manumission when the master received one thousand dirhams as blood money, then he will be freed. And if the master receives more dirhams as blood money than the amount remaining, then the master will take only the amount that was due and return the rest to the mukatab, and the mukatab will be freed. It is not correct that the blood money of the mukatab be handed over to him so that he may consume it and settle the account, and then if he becomes incapable, he comes back to his master crippled, lame, or disabled, because the master had given him authority over his wealth and earnings, not over the price of his children or his own blood money so that he may consume it and settle the account. Rather, the blood money of the mukatab and the blood money of his children who were born during the contract of manumission, or upon whom the contract was made, will be given to the master, and it will be counted towards the contract of manumission.
تخریج الحدیث: «فواد عبدالباقي نمبر: 39 - كِتَابُ الْمُكَاتَبِ-ح: 5»
بَابُ بَيْعِ الْمُكَاتَبِ
Sale of the Mukatab (contracted slave)
Hadith Number: 1297Q5
قال مالك إن احسن ما سمع في الرجل يشتري مكاتب الرجل: انه لا يبيعه إذا كان كاتبه بدنانير او دراهم إلا بعرض من العروض يعجله ولا يؤخره. لانه إذا اخره كان دينا بدين وقد نهي عن الكالئ بالكالئ. قال: وإن كاتب المكاتب سيده بعرض من العروض من الإبل او البقر او الغنم او الرقيق. فإنه يصلح للمشتري ان يشتريه بذهب او فضة او عرض مخالف للعروض التي كاتبه سيده عليها يعجل ذلك ولا يؤخره.
Buy it. Because this purchase is like division, and it is not permissible for a mukatab to divide with his partner except with the permission of the other partners, and by purchasing such a portion, he does not attain complete freedom, nor does he have control over his wealth. Rather, in purchasing a small portion, there is also the concern that he may become incapable, because his wealth will be spent in this purchase, and this is not like the case where the mukatab buys himself completely. However, in the situation where the remaining partners also give permission, then he has more right than others to purchase that share.
تخریج الحدیث: «فواد عبدالباقي نمبر: 39 - كِتَابُ الْمُكَاتَبِ-ح: 5»
Hadith Number: 1297Q6
قال مالك احسن ما سمعت في المكاتب: انه إذا بيع كان احق باشتراء كتابته ممن اشتراها إذا قوي ان يؤدي إلى سيده الثمن الذي باعه به نقدا. وذلك ان اشتراءه نفسه عتاقة والعتاقة تبدا على ما كان معها من الوصايا.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that the sale of the installment of a mukatab is not valid, because there is deception in it. This is because if the mukatab becomes incapable, then the money that was due from him becomes void. And if the mukatab dies or becomes insolvent and there are debts upon him from people, then the person who bought his installment will not be equal to the creditors, rather he will be like the master of the mukatab, and the master is not equal to the creditors of the mukatab. Similarly, if the kharaj of the master accumulates upon the slave, even then the master will not be equal to the creditors.
تخریج الحدیث: «فواد عبدالباقي نمبر: 39 - كِتَابُ الْمُكَاتَبِ-ح: 5»
Hadith Number: 1297Q7
قال مالك: وإن باع بعض من كاتب المكاتب نصيبه منه فباع نصف المكاتب او ثلثه او ربعه او سهما من اسهم المكاتب فليس للمكاتب فيما بيع منه شفعة. وذلك انه يصير بمنزلة القطاعة وليس له ان يقاطع بعض من كاتبه إلا بإذن شركائه. وان ما بيع منه ليست له به حرمة تامة. وان ماله محجور عنه. وان اشتراءه بعضه يخاف عليه منه العجز لما يذهب من ماله. وليس ذلك بمنزلة اشتراء المكاتب نفسه كاملا. إلا ان ياذن له من بقي له فيه كتابة فإن اذنوا له كان احق بما بيع منه.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a mukatab buys his contract of manumission with cash money in exchange for gold coins, or in exchange for some goods that are not of the same type as the contract of manumission, or of the same type but deferred or immediate, then it is permissible.
تخریج الحدیث: «فواد عبدالباقي نمبر: 39 - كِتَابُ الْمُكَاتَبِ-ح: 5»
Hadith Number: 1297Q8
قال مالك: لا يحل بيع نجم من نجوم المكاتب وذلك انه غرر إن عجز المكاتب بطل ما عليه. وإن مات او افلس وعليه ديون للناس لم ياخذ الذي اشترى نجمه بحصته مع غرمائه شيئا. وإنما الذي يشتري نجما من نجوم المكاتب بمنزلة سيد المكاتب فسيد المكاتب لا يحاص بكتابة غلامه غرماء المكاتب. وكذلك الخراج ايضا يجتمع له على غلامه. فلا يحاص بما اجتمع له من الخراج غرماء غلامه.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a mukatab dies and leaves behind his umm walad and young children, whether from the same umm walad or from another woman, and the children are not capable of labor and there is fear that they will be unable to fulfill the contract of manumission, then the umm walad will be sold, provided her price is sufficient to fully pay off the contract of manumission. Because if the mukatab feared incapacity, he could have sold this umm walad; similarly, when there is fear of incapacity for the children, their father's umm walad will be sold, and they will be freed. If the price of this umm walad is not sufficient to cover the contract of manumission, and neither the umm walad nor the children of the mukatab are able to work, then all of them will become slaves of their master.
تخریج الحدیث: «فواد عبدالباقي نمبر: 39 - كِتَابُ الْمُكَاتَبِ-ح: 5»
Hadith Number: 1297Q9
قال مالك: لا باس بان يشتري المكاتب كتابته بعين او عرض مخالف لما كوتب به من العين او العرض او غير مخالف معجل او مؤخر.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person buys the contract of a mukatab and then the mukatab dies before paying off his contract, then the person who bought the contract will be his heir. If the mukatab becomes incapable, he will become the slave of that person. And if the mukatab pays the price of the contract to that person and then becomes incapable, then the wala’ will go to the one who originally made him a mukatab, not to the one who bought his contract.
تخریج الحدیث: «فواد عبدالباقي نمبر: 39 - كِتَابُ الْمُكَاتَبِ-ح: 5»
Hadith Number: 1297Q10
قال مالك في المكاتب يهلك ويترك ام ولد واولادا له صغارا منها او من غيرها. فلا يقوون على السعي ويخاف عليهم العجز عن كتابتهم. قال: تباع ام ولد ابيهم. إذا كان في ثمنها ما يؤدى به عنهم جميع كتابتهم امهم. كانت او غير امهم يؤدى عنهم ويعتقون لان اباهم كان لا يمنع بيعها إذا خاف العجز عن كتابته. فهؤلاء إذا خيف عليهم العجز بيعت ام ولد ابيهم فيؤدى عنهم ثمنها فإن لم يكن في ثمنها ما يؤدى عنهم ولم تقو هي ولا هم على السعي رجعوا جميعا رقيقا لسيدهم.
_x000D_ قال مالك: الامر عندنا في الذي يبتاع كتابة المكاتب ثم يهلك المكاتب قبل ان يؤدي كتابته: انه يرثه الذي اشترى كتابته. وإن عجز فله رقبته. وإن ادى المكاتب كتابته إلى الذي اشتراها وعتق فولاؤه للذي عقد كتابته ليس للذي اشترى كتابته من ولائه شيء.
_x000D_ قال مالك: الامر عندنا في الذي يبتاع كتابة المكاتب ثم يهلك المكاتب قبل ان يؤدي كتابته: انه يرثه الذي اشترى كتابته. وإن عجز فله رقبته. وإن ادى المكاتب كتابته إلى الذي اشتراها وعتق فولاؤه للذي عقد كتابته ليس للذي اشترى كتابته من ولائه شيء.
Malik said regarding a mukatab who dies and leaves behind an umm walad and young children from her or from others: If they are not able to strive and it is feared that they will be incapable of fulfilling their contract, he said: The umm walad of their father is to be sold, if her price is sufficient to pay off all of their contracts, whether she is their mother or not. The payment is made on their behalf and they are freed, because their father would not have been prevented from selling her if he feared incapacity regarding his contract. So if it is feared that they will be incapable, the umm walad of their father is sold and her price is paid on their behalf. If her price is not sufficient to pay off their contracts, and neither she nor they are able to strive, then they all revert to being slaves of their master.
Malik said: The practice among us regarding one who buys the contract of a mukatab, then the mukatab dies before fulfilling his contract, is that the one who bought his contract inherits him. And if he becomes incapable, then his person belongs to him. And if the mukatab fulfills his contract to the one who bought it and is freed, then his wala’ is for the one who established his contract; the one who bought his contract has no share in his wala’.
Malik said: The practice among us regarding one who buys the contract of a mukatab, then the mukatab dies before fulfilling his contract, is that the one who bought his contract inherits him. And if he becomes incapable, then his person belongs to him. And if the mukatab fulfills his contract to the one who bought it and is freed, then his wala’ is for the one who established his contract; the one who bought his contract has no share in his wala’.
تخریج الحدیث: «فواد عبدالباقي نمبر: 39 - كِتَابُ الْمُكَاتَبِ-ح: 5»
بَابُ سَعْيِ الْمُكَاتَبِ
Efforts of the Mukatab (contracted slave)
Hadith Number: 1297
عن مالك انه بلغه ان عروة بن الزبير، وسليمان بن يسار، سئلا عن رجل كاتب على نفسه وعلى بنيه ثم مات. هل يسعى بنو المكاتب في كتابة ابيهم ام هم عبيد؟ فقالا: بل يسعون في كتابة ابيهم ولا يوضع عنهم لموت ابيهم شيء.
Urwah bin Zubair and Sulayman bin Yasar were asked: If a person makes himself and his sons mukatab (contracted for manumission) and then dies, will his sons work to pay off the contract or remain slaves? They said: They will strive to fulfill their father's contract, and their father's death will not reduce anything from the amount of the contract.
تخریج الحدیث: «مقطوع ضعيف، وأخرجه البيهقي فى «سننه الكبير» برقم: 21669، وعبد الرزاق فى «مصنفه» برقم: 15764، وابن أبى شيبة فى «مصنفه» برقم: 20518، 20520، فواد عبدالباقي نمبر: 39 - كِتَابُ الْمُكَاتَبِ-ح: 8»