الفتح الربانی
Al-Fath al-Rabbani
الْفَضْلُ الْأَوَّلُ فِي عَطْفِ بَعْضِ الْصَحَابَةِ عَلَى عُثْمَانَ يَوْمَ الدَّارِ
The First Virtue Regarding the Sympathy of Some Companions for Uthman on the Day of the House
Hadith Number: 12268
عن المغيرة بن شعبة انه دخل على عثمان رضي الله عنه وهو محصور فقال إنك إمام العامة وقد نزل بك ما ترى وإني اعرض عليك خصالا ثلاثا اختر إحداهن إما ان تخرج فتقاتلهم فإن معك عددا وقوة وانت على الحق وهم على الباطل وإما ان نخرق لك بابا سوى الباب الذي هم عليه فتقعد على رواحلك فتلحق بمكة فإنهم لن يستحلوك وانت بها وإما ان تلحق بالشام فإنهم اهل الشام وفيهم معاوية فقال عثمان رضي الله عنه اما ان اخرج فاقاتل فلن اكون اول من خلف رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم في امته بسفك الدماء واما ان اخرج إلى مكة فإنهم لن يستحلوني بها فإني سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم يقول ”يلحد رجل من قريش بمكة يكون عليه نصف عذاب العالم“ فلن اكون انا إياه واما ان الحق بالشام فإنهم اهل الشام وفيهم معاوية فلن افارق دار هجرتي ومجاورة رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Mughirah bin Shu’bah (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) had been besieged, I went to him and said: You are the leader and ruler of the people, and the circumstances that have befallen you are also before you. I present three options before you, you may choose any one of them: Either you go out and fight these rebels, you have strength and many people are with you, moreover, you are upon the truth and their stance is false. The second option is that you leave the door where those people are present, make a way out through a wall of your house, mount your ride and reach Makkah; there, they will not dare to kill you. The third option is that you go to the land of Sham, the people there are good because they are from Sham, and Sayyiduna Mu’awiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) is also present there. Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him), after hearing these suggestions, said: As for the first option you mentioned, that I go out and fight, it cannot be that I become the first to shed blood after the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). The second option, that I go to Makkah because these people will not kill me there, I submit that I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: A man from the Quraysh will commit heresy in Makkah, half the punishment of the whole world will be given to that one man alone. So I will not be that man. And as for the third option you mentioned, that I go to the land of Sham, that the people of Sham are good and Sayyiduna Mu’awiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) is also there, I submit that I will not leave my place of migration and the neighborhood of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him).
تخریج الحدیث: «اسناده ضعيف لانقطاعه، محمد بن عبد الملك قتل سنة 132ھـ، والمغيرة بن شعبة مات سنة 50ھـ، فيبعد ان يسمع منه، ولذا قال ابن حجر: وما اظن ان روايته عن المغيرة الا مرسلة، أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير: 1/ 163، (انظر مسند أحمد ترقيم الرسالة: 481 ترقیم بيت الأفكار الدولية: 481»
حكم: اسناده ضعيف لانقطاعه
Hadith Number: 12269
عن ابن ابزى عن عثمان بن عفان رضي الله عنه قال قال له عبد الله بن الزبير حين حصر إن عندي نجائب قد اعددتها لك فهل لك ان تحول إلى مكة فياتيك من اراد ان ياتيك قال لا إني سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم يقول ”يلحد بمكة كبش من قريش اسمه عبد الله عليه مثل نصف اوزار الناس“
It is narrated from Ibn Abzi that when Sayyiduna Uthman bin Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) was besieged, Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Zubair (may Allah be pleased with him) said to him: I have excellent camels, I have prepared them for you, if you wish, you may proceed to Makkah, after that whoever wishes to come to you, may come and meet you. Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) said: No, I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say that in Makkah, a man from the Quraysh named Abdullah will commit heresy, upon him will be sins equal to half the sins of all people.
تخریج الحدیث: «اسناده ضعيف، ومتنه منكر شبه موضوع، اخرجه البزار: 375، (انظر مسند أحمد ترقيم الرسالة: 461 ترقیم بيت الأفكار الدولية: 461»
حكم: اسناده ضعيف
Hadith Number: 12270
وعن ابي سهلة ان عثمان رضي الله عنه قال يوم الدار حين حصر إن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم عهد إلي عهدا فانا صابر عليه قال قيس فكانوا يرونه ذلك اليوم
It is narrated from Abu Sahla that when Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) was besieged in his house, he said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) took a covenant from me, and I will remain steadfast upon it. Qais said: On that day, people were looking at Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) with longing.
تخریج الحدیث: «اسناده حسن، اخرجه ابن ماجه: 113، والترمذي: 3711، (انظر مسند أحمد ترقيم الرسالة: 501 ترقیم بيت الأفكار الدولية: 501»
حكم: اسناده حسن
الْفَضْلُ الثَّانِي فِي انْقِيَادِ عُثْمَانَ وَ لِكِتَابِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَاعْتِدَارِهِ وَبَيَانِهِ لِلنَّاسِ وَتَعْدَادِ مَنَاقِبِهِ
The Second Virtue Regarding Uthman's Submission to the Book of Allah Almighty, His Apology, His Explanation to the People, and the Enumeration of His Merits
Hadith Number: 12271
عن إبراهيم بن سعد قال حدثني ابي عن ابيه ان عثمان رضي الله عنه قال إن وجدتم في كتاب الله عز وجل ان تضعوا رجلي في القيد فضعوها
It is narrated from Sa’d that Sayyiduna ‘Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) said: If you find this permission in the Book of Allah that you may put shackles on my feet, then you may do so.
تخریج الحدیث: «صحيح، (انظر مسند أحمد ترقيم الرسالة: 524 ترقیم بيت الأفكار الدولية: 524»
حكم: صحيح
Hadith Number: 12272
عن الجريري عن ثمامة بن حزن القشيري قال شهدت الدار يوم اصيب عثمان رضي الله عنه فاطلع عليهم اطلاعة فقال ادعوا لي صاحبيكم اللذين الباكم علي فدعيا له فقال نشدتكما الله اتعلمان ان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم لما قدم المدينة ضاق المسجد باهله فقال ”من يشتري هذه البقعة من خالص ماله فيكون فيها كالمسلمين وله خير منها في الجنة“ فاشتريتها من خالص مالي فجعلتها بين المسلمين وانتم تمنعوني ان اصلي فيه ركعتين ثم قال انشدكما الله اتعلمان ان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم لما قدم المدينة لم يكن فيها بئر يستعذب منه إلا رومة فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم ”من يشتريها من خالص ماله فيكون دلوه فيها كدلو المسلمين وله خير منها في الجنة“ فاشتريتها من خالص مالي وانتم تمنعوني ان اشرب منها ثم قال هل تعلمان اني صاحب جيش العسرة قالا اللهم نعم
It is narrated from Thumamah bin Hazn Qushayri that on the day when Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) was martyred, I was present at his house. Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) looked towards the people and said: O people, call those two prominent men among you who have incited you against me. So when they were called, he said: I ask you by Allah, do you know that when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came to Madinah and the mosque became too small for the worshippers, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Is there anyone who will buy this piece of land with his pure wealth and add it to the mosque, and he will have no special right over it, but will have the same right as any other Muslim, and in exchange for it he will have a better place in Paradise? So I bought that piece of land with my pure personal wealth and dedicated it for the Muslims, but now the situation is such that you people do not even allow me to pray two rak‘ahs in this mosque. Then he said: I ask you by Allah, do you know that when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came to Madinah, there was no well with sweet water except the well of Rumah, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Who is there who will buy this well with his personal wealth and dedicate it for the Muslims, and his share in it will be like that of any other Muslim, and in exchange for it he will have a better well in Paradise? So I bought this well with my personal wealth, but now the situation is such that you do not even allow me to drink water from it. Then Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Do you know that I am the one who equipped the army of hardship, i.e., the army of Tabuk? The people said: Allah is witness that all these things are true.
تخریج الحدیث: «اسناده حسن، اخرجه الترمذي: 3703، والنسائي: 6/ 235، (انظر مسند أحمد ترقيم الرسالة: 555 ترقیم بيت الأفكار الدولية: 555»
حكم: اسناده حسن
Hadith Number: 12273
عن ابي سلمة بن عبد الرحمن قال اشرف عثمان رضي الله عنه من القصر وهو محصور فقال انشد بالله من شهد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم يوم حراء إذا اهتز الجبل فركله بقدمه ثم قال ”اسكن حراء ليس عليك إلا نبي او صديق او شهيد“ وانا معه فانتشد له رجال قال انشد بالله من شهد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم يوم بيعة الرضوان إذ بعثني إلى المشركين إلى اهل مكة قال ”هذه يدي وهذه يد عثمان رضي الله عنه“ فبايع لي فانتشد له رجال قال انشد بالله من شهد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم قال ”من يوسع لنا بهذا البيت في المسجد ببيت في الجنة“ فابتعته من مالي فوسعت به المسجد فانتشد له رجال قال وانشد بالله من شهد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم يوم جيش العسرة قال ”من ينفق اليوم نفقة متقبلة“ فجهزت نصف الجيش من مالي فانتشد له رجال وانشد بالله من شهد رومة يباع ماؤها ابن السبيل فابتعتها من مالي فابحتها لابن السبيل قال فانتشد له رجال
It is narrated from Abu Salamah bin Abdur Rahman that when Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) was besieged, he looked down from the top of the house and said: O people! I ask you by Allah, is there anyone among you who was present at that time when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was on Hira, and the mountain began to shake, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) struck his blessed foot on the mountain and said: O Hira! Be still, for only a Prophet, a Siddiq, or a martyr is upon you. At that time, I was with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). Many people affirmed this. Then Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I ask, by Allah, that person who was present on the day of the Pledge of Ridwan, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent me as an envoy to the polytheists of Makkah, and while taking and giving the pledge, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: This is my hand and this is Uthman's hand, meaning he took the pledge on my behalf. Many people affirmed this as well. Then Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I ask, by Allah, that person who was present with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) at that time when he said: Who is there who will buy the house next to the mosque and include it in the mosque, and in return he will get a house in Paradise? So I bought that place with my personal wealth and expanded the mosque. Many people affirmed this claim as well. Then Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I ask, by Allah, that person who was present at the time of the army of hardship, i.e., the expedition of Tabuk, when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Who is there who will spend in the way of Allah today, and his deed will be accepted by Allah? So I arranged for half of the army's needs with my personal wealth. Many people affirmed this virtue as well. Then Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) asked by Allah: Does anyone know that the water of Rumah was sold to travelers for a price, and I bought it with my personal wealth and dedicated it for the travelers? Many people affirmed this as well.
تخریج الحدیث: «حديث صحيح، اخرجه الترمذي: 3699، والنسائي: 6/ 236، وعلقه البخاري: 2778، (انظر مسند أحمد ترقيم الرسالة: 420 ترقیم بيت الأفكار الدولية: 420»
حكم: حديث صحيح
Hadith Number: 12274
عن ابي امامة بن سهل قال كنا مع عثمان رضي الله عنه وهو محصور في الدار فدخل مدخلا كان إذا دخله يسمع كلامه من على البلاط قال فدخل ذلك المدخل وخرج إلينا فقال إنهم يتوعدوني بالقتل آنفا قال قلنا يكفيكهم الله يا امير المؤمنين قال وبم يقتلونني إني سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم يقول ”لا يحل دم امرئ مسلم إلا بإحدى ثلاث رجل كفر بعد إسلامه او زنى بعد إحصانه او قتل نفسا فيقتل بها“ فوالله ما احببت ان لي بديني بدلا منذ هداني الله ولا زنيت في جاهلية ولا في إسلام قط ولا قتلت نفسا فبم يقتلونني
It is narrated from Abu Umamah bin Sahl that Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) was besieged in his house. He came to a place in his house from where his voice could be heard outside. He went to that place, looked towards us, and said: Now these people are threatening to kill me. We said: O Commander of the Faithful! Allah is sufficient for you against them. He then said: How will these people kill me when I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: The blood of a Muslim is not lawful except in three cases: a man who becomes an apostate after accepting Islam, or a married person who commits adultery, or someone who kills another, so he is killed in retaliation. By Allah! Since Allah has guided me, I have never preferred any religion over my religion, and neither before Islam nor after Islam have I ever committed adultery, nor have I killed anyone. Then why are these people intent on killing me?
تخریج الحدیث: «اسناده صحيح علي شرط الشيخين، اخرجه ابوداود: 4502، وابن ماجه: 2533، والترمذي: 2158، والنسائي: 7/ 91، (انظر مسند أحمد ترقيم الرسالة: 437 ترقیم بيت الأفكار الدولية: 437»
حكم: اسناده صحيح علي شرط الشيخين
الفَضْلُ الثَّالِثُ فِي سَوَالِ عُثْمَانَ وَ طَلْحَةَ بْنَ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ وَمُعَاتَبَيْهِ إِيَّاهُ
The Third Virtue Regarding the Questioning of Uthman and Talhah ibn Ubaydullah, may Allah be pleased with him, and Their Reproaching Him
Hadith Number: 12275
حدثنا يزيد بن عبد ربه حدثنا الحارث بن عبيدة حدثني محمد بن عبد الرحمن بن مجبر عن ابيه عن جده ان عثمان رضي الله عنه اشرف على الذين حصروه فسلم عليهم فلم يردوا عليه فقال عثمان رضي الله عنه افي القوم طلحة قال طلحة نعم قال فإنا لله وإنا إليه راجعون اسلم على قوم انت فيهم فلا تردون قال قد رددت قال ما هكذا الرد اسمعك ولا تسمعني يا طلحة انشدك الله اسمعت النبي صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم يقول ”لا يحل دم المسلم إلا واحدة من ثلاث ان يكفر بعد إيمانه او يزني بعد إحصانه او يقتل نفسا فيقتل بها“ قال اللهم نعم فكبر عثمان فقال والله ما انكرت الله منذ عرفته ولا زنيت في جاهلية ولا إسلام وقد تركته في الجاهلية تكرها وفي الإسلام تعففا وما قتلت نفسا يحل بها قتلي
Mujbir says: Those who had besieged the house of Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him), Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) looked down at them from above his house and greeted them with salam, but those people did not reply to his salam. Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) asked, "Is Sayyiduna Talha (may Allah be pleased with him) among you?" Sayyiduna Talha (may Allah be pleased with him) said, "Yes." Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Inna lillahi wa inna ilayhi raji'un. I am greeting the people with salam, while you are among them, and you are not replying to the salam? How regrettable this is." Sayyiduna Talha (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Yes, I have replied." Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Talha! This is not the way to reply. You are hearing my voice, but I am not hearing your voice. Well, Talha! I ask you by Allah, did you hear the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) say that except in three cases, it is not permissible to shed the blood of a Muslim: apostasy after faith, that is, becoming a murtadd; committing adultery after being married; or killing someone, in which case the killer is killed in retaliation?" Sayyiduna Talha (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Allah is witness that I heard this hadith from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)." Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Allahu Akbar, since I have recognized Allah, I have never denied Him, nor did I commit adultery in the time of ignorance, nor after accepting Islam. Even before Islam, I considered it extremely detestable, and after Islam, while avoiding sin, I never committed it. And I have never killed any soul for which I should be killed in retaliation."
تخریج الحدیث: «حسن لغيره، (انظر مسند أحمد ترقيم الرسالة: 1402 ترقیم بيت الأفكار الدولية: 1402»
حكم: حسن لغيره
Hadith Number: 12276
عن زيد بن اسلم عن ابيه قال شهدت عثمان رضي الله عنه يوم حوصر في موضع الجنائز ولو القي حجر لم يقع إلا على راس رجل فرايت عثمان رضي الله عنه اشرف من الخوخة التي تلي مقام جبريل عليه السلام فقال ايها الناس افيكم طلحة فسكتوا ثم قال ايها الناس افيكم طلحة فسكتوا ثم قال يا ايها الناس افيكم طلحة فقام طلحة بن عبيد الله فقال له عثمان رضي الله عنه الا اراك هاهنا ما كنت ارى انك تكون في جماعة تسمع ندائي آخر ثلاث مرات ثم لا تجيبني انشدك الله يا طلحة تذكر يوم كنت انا وانت مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم في موضع كذا وكذا ليس معه احد من اصحابه غيري وغيرك قال نعم فقال لك رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم ”يا طلحة إنه ليس من نبي إلا ومعه من اصحابه رفيق من امته معه في الجنة وإن عثمان بن عفان هذا يعنيني رفيقي معي في الجنة“ قال طلحة اللهم نعم ثم انصرف
It is narrated from Aslam, he says: During the days when ‘Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) was besieged, I was at the place where funeral prayers are offered, and the crowd of people was such that if a stone were thrown, it would hit someone’s head. I saw that ‘Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) looked out from the hole in his house which is adjacent to the place of Jibril (peace be upon him). He said: O people! Is Talhah among you? The people remained silent. He said again: O people! Is Talhah among you? The people remained silent. Sayyiduna ‘Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) said for the third time: O people! Is Talhah among you? Finally, Sayyiduna Talhah (may Allah be pleased with him) stood up. Sayyiduna ‘Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) said to him: Do I not see you among these people? I did not think that you would be among a group and I would call you three times and you would not answer? Talhah! Now I ask you by Allah, do you remember that one day you and I were at such-and-such a place with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and besides you and me, there was no other companion with him? Sayyiduna Talhah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Yes. Sayyiduna ‘Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to you: Talhah! Every Prophet will have a companion from his Ummah in Paradise who will be that Prophet’s companion, and this ‘Uthman ibn ‘Affan will be my companion in Paradise. Talhah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Allah is my witness, I remember. After that, Sayyiduna ‘Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) went back down.
تخریج الحدیث: «اسناده ضعيف، القاسم بن حكم الانصاري، وقال ابو حاتم: مجھول، وليّنه الحافظ ابن حجر، وابوعبادة عيسي بن عبد الرحمن، ضعّفه البخاري والنسائي وابن حبان، وقال ابو حاتم: منكر الحديث، ضعيف الحديْث، اخرجه البزار: 374، (انظر مسند أحمد ترقيم الرسالة: 552 ترقیم بيت الأفكار الدولية: 552»
حكم: اسناده ضعيف
الْفَضْلُ الرَّابِعُ فِي رُؤْيَا عُثْمَانَ وَإِخْبَارِهِ بِيَوْمِ قَتْلِهِ و اسْتِعْدَادِهِ لِذلِكَ وَصَبْرِهِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ
The Fourth Virtue Regarding Uthman's Vision and His Informing of the Day of His Killing, His Readiness for It, and His Patience, may Allah be pleased with him
Hadith Number: 12277
عن نائلة بنت الفرافصة امراة عثمان بن عفان رضي الله عنه قالت نعس امير المؤمنين عثمان فاغفى فاستيقظ فقال ليقتلنني القوم قلت كلا إن شاء الله لم يبلغ ذاك إن رعيتك استعتبوك قال إني رايت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم في منامي وابا بكر وعمر رضي الله عنهما فقالوا تفطر عندنا الليلة
It is narrated from Sayyida Na’ila (may Allah be pleased with her), the wife of Sayyiduna ‘Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him), that the Commander of the Faithful, Sayyiduna ‘Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him), dozed off and slept. Then when he woke up, he said:“These people will certainly kill me.”I said:“Insha’Allah, never; such a thing has not happened yet. Your subjects are only trying to frighten you.”He said:“I saw in a dream the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), and Sayyiduna ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him). They said: ‘Tonight you will break your fast with us.’”
تخریج الحدیث: «اسناده ضعيف، زياد بن عبد الله، فيه نظر، وام ھلال لا تعرف، (انظر مسند أحمد ترقيم الرسالة: 536 ترقیم بيت الأفكار الدولية: 536»
حكم: اسناده ضعيف