مختصر صحيح بخاري
Mukhtasar Sahih Bukhari
How sick must a patient be to be excused from attending congregation?
Umm al-Mu'minin Aisha Siddiqa (may Allah be pleased with her) says in another narration that when the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) fell ill and his illness intensified, he sought permission from his wives to be nursed in her house, so all of them granted permission.... The rest is the same as mentioned previously (see Book: The Statement of Adhan... Chapter: Up to what extent of illness should a sick person attend the congregation?).
Should the imam pray with those present, and give the sermon in rain on Friday?
`Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) once delivered the Friday sermon on a rainy day, and when the muezzin reached "Hayya 'ala-s-Salah," he instructed him to say, "As-salatu fi ar-rihal" (Perform the prayer at your places). So the people began to look at each other, as if they disliked it. Then Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said, "It seems that you have disliked this. Indeed, this was done by one who is better than me, meaning the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). Indeed, Jumu'ah is obligatory, but I did not like that I should put you in hardship (that you should come treading mud up to your knees)."
Narrated Anas (may Allah be pleased with him): A man from the Ansar said to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), "I am unable (due to excuse) to pray with you," and he was a stout man. So he prepared food for the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and invited him to his house. He spread a mat for the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and washed one of its corners. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) prayed two rak‘ahs on it. Meanwhile, a man from the family of Jarud asked Anas (may Allah be pleased with him), "Did the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) use to pray the Duha prayer?" Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) replied, "I never saw him pray it except on that day."
When food is served and the prayer is called.
Narrated from Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "When food is placed before you, eat before performing the Maghrib prayer, and do not hasten to the prayer by leaving your food."
If someone is busy at home and the prayer is called, he should go join.
It was asked from Ummul Momineen Aisha Siddiqa Tayyiba Tahira (may Allah be pleased with her), "What did the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) do in his house?" She replied that he used to be engaged in the household chores, that is, in serving his family members. Then when the time for prayer would come, he (peace and blessings be upon him) would go for the prayer.
Praying to demonstrate the Sunnah method of prayer.
`Sayyiduna Malik bin Huwairith (may Allah be pleased with him) said that I pray before you, and my intention is not to pray, but rather to show you the way I saw the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) praying.
A knowledgeable and virtuous person has more right to lead prayer.
Narrated from Umm al-Mu’minin Aisha Siddiqa Tayyiba Tahira (may Allah be pleased with her) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:“Tell Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) to lead the people in prayer.”This has already been mentioned (see the chapter: To what extent should a sick person attend the congregation?). And in this narration, she says that I said to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): Indeed, when Sayyiduna Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) stands in your place, due to his weeping, he will not be able to make the people hear (his recitation), so please order Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) to lead the people in prayer. Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) says that I said to Hafsa (may Allah be pleased with her): You should request the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) that when Sayyiduna Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) stands in your place, due to his weeping, he will not be able to make the people hear (his recitation). So Hafsa (may Allah be pleased with her) said it, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:“Wait! Indeed, you women are like the companions of Yusuf (Joseph) (peace be upon him). Order Abu Bakr to lead the people in prayer.”So Umm al-Mu’minin Hafsa (may Allah be pleased with her) said to Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her): I have never benefited from you.
Narrated Anas (may Allah be pleased with him): Abu Bakr As-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) used to lead the people in prayer during the illness of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) in which he passed away. When it was Monday and the people were standing in rows for prayer, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) lifted the curtain of his chamber and looked at us while standing. At that time, his blessed face was as bright as a page of the Qur'an. Then he (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) smiled cheerfully. We were so delighted that we wanted to become distracted from the prayer due to seeing the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) stepped back to join the row, thinking that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was coming out for prayer. But the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) gestured to us to complete our prayer and then let the curtain fall. On that very day, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) passed away.
If someone steps forward to lead but the main imam arrives, what should be done?
Narrated from Sayyiduna Sahl bin Sa’d Sa’idi (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) went to the people of Banu Amr bin Awf to make peace among them. Meanwhile, the time for prayer came, so the muezzin came to the Commander of the Faithful, Abu Bakr Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him), and said to him,“If you lead the people in prayer, I will pronounce the iqamah?”He said,“Yes.”So Siddiq Akbar (may Allah be pleased with him) began to lead the prayer. In the meantime, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) arrived while the people were engaged in prayer. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) entered (the rows) until he stood in the (first) row, and the people began clapping. Siddiq Akbar (may Allah be pleased with him) did not look around in his prayer, but when the people clapped more, he looked back and saw the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) signaled to him to remain in his place, but Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) raised both his hands and, because the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) had commanded him, he thanked Allah. Then Abu Bakr Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) stepped back until he joined the row, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) moved forward and led the prayer. When the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) finished, he said,“O Abu Bakr! When I instructed you, why did you not remain standing?”Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) replied,“It is not for the son of Abu Quhafah to lead the prayer in front of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).”Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said,“What is the reason that I saw you clapping so much? (Listen) When something happens to someone in prayer, he should say ‘Subhan Allah,’ for when he says ‘Subhan Allah,’ attention will be paid to him. And clapping is only for women.”
The imam is appointed to be followed.
Umm al-Mu’minin Aisha Siddiqa Tayyiba Tahira (may Allah be pleased with her) says: When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) became ill, he asked:“Have the people performed the prayer?”We replied,“No, O Messenger of Allah! They are waiting for you.”The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:“Place water for me in a basin (so that I may bathe).”Umm al-Mu’minin Aisha Siddiqa (may Allah be pleased with her) says: We did as he asked. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) bathed, then tried to stand but fell unconscious. When he regained consciousness, he again asked:“Have the people performed the prayer?”We replied,“No, O Messenger of Allah! They are waiting for you.”The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:“Place water for me in a basin.”(So it was placed.) The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) bathed, then tried to stand but fell unconscious. When he regained consciousness, he asked:“Have the people performed the prayer?”We replied,“No, O Messenger of Allah! They are waiting for you.”The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:“Place water for me in a basin.”So the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) got up and bathed, then tried to stand but fell unconscious. When he regained consciousness, he asked:“Have the people performed the prayer?”We replied,“No, O Messenger of Allah! They are waiting for you, and the people are staying in the mosque waiting for the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) for the ‘Isha prayer.”Then the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) sent (word) to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) to lead the people in prayer. So the messenger reached him and said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) commands you to lead the people in prayer. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him), who was a soft-hearted man, said: O Umar! You lead the people in prayer. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said to him: You are more deserving of it. Then Sayyiduna Abu Bakr Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) led the prayers during those remaining days. The rest of the hadith has already been mentioned above (see the chapter: To what extent should a sick person attend the congregation?).