مختصر صحيح بخاري
Mukhtasar Sahih Bukhari
Virtues and greatness of fasting.
Narrated from Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Fasting is a shield (against the punishment of Allah), so the fasting person should not utter obscene words nor speak ignorantly (such as joking, lying, shouting, or making noise, etc.), and if someone fights with him or abuses him, he should say twice, 'I am fasting.' By the One in Whose hand is my soul, the smell from the mouth of a fasting person is better with Allah than the fragrance of musk. (Allah says:) The fasting person leaves his food, drink, and desires for My sake. (So) fasting is for Me, and I alone will give its reward, and every good deed is rewarded tenfold (but the reward for fasting is much greater than this)."
For those who fast, there is a gate in Paradise called Rayyan.
Sahih Sahl (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates from the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) that he said: "In Paradise, there is a gate called 'Rayyan.' On the Day of Resurrection, only those who fast will enter through it; no one else will enter through that gate. It will be announced: 'Where are those who fasted?' Then they will stand up, and no one except them will enter through that gate. When they have entered, the gate will be closed, and no one else will enter through it."
Narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Whoever spends two pairs (of clothes or any two things) in the way of Allah will be called from the gates of Paradise (the angels will say): O servant of Allah! This gate is good (enter through it). Then whoever is among those who establish prayer will be called from the gate of prayer, and whoever is among those who strive in jihad will be called from the gate of jihad, and whoever is among those who fast will be called from 'Bab al-Rayyan (Rayyan)', and whoever is among those who give charity will be called from the gate of charity." So Sayyiduna Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "O Messenger of Allah! May my parents be sacrificed for you, whoever is called from all these gates will have no further need (left). Will anyone be called from all these gates?" The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Yes! And I hope that you will be among them."
Narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "When Ramadan comes, the gates of Paradise are opened."
Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) in another narration says that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "When Ramadan comes, the doors of the sky (that is, Paradise) are opened and the doors of Hell are closed, and the devils are chained with the strongest chains."
Saying "Ramadan" or "month of Ramadan" and the evidence for both.
Narrated Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them) that: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) say: "When you see the (crescent of) Ramadan, start fasting, and when you see the (crescent of) Eid al-Fitr, stop fasting. But if the sky is cloudy (i.e., overcast), then estimate for it (i.e., complete thirty days)."
Whoever does not give up lying and idle deeds while fasting.
Narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Whoever does not give up false speech and deceitful actions, Allah has no need for him to leave his food and drink (by merely naming it as fasting)."
Should a fasting person say "I am fasting" if insulted?
Narrated Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Allah Almighty says: All the deeds of the son of Adam are for him except fasting; it is for Me and I Myself will reward for it." And at the end (of the hadith), it was said: "The fasting person has two joys: one at the time of breaking his fast, he feels happiness, and the other when he meets his Lord, he will be happy upon seeing the reward of his fasting."
An unmarried person fearing sin should fast.
Narrated Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him): We were with the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) when he said: "Whoever among you is able to marry, should marry, for it helps him lower his gaze and guard his private parts (from unlawful acts). And whoever is not able to marry, should fast, for fasting diminishes his sexual power." (These fasts are not obligatory, but recommended, and the hadith emphasizes this recommendation.)
Prophet's command: Start and end fasting by sighting the moon.
Narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "The month is (at least) twenty-nine days, so do not fast until you see the crescent. Then if the sky is overcast (i.e., clouds cover the sky and you cannot see the crescent), complete the count of thirty days."