Grading: The hadith is "sahih li-ghayrihi", and this chain is hasan.
Technical note / Defect ('illah): 'Ubayd bin Sharik: he is 'Ubayd bin 'Abd al-Wahid bin Sharik.

Reference / Source: It was recorded by al-Bazzar in his "Musnad" (3481), al-Tabari in "Tahdhib al-Athar" (Musnad 'Umar 2/796), Ibn al-A'rabi in his "Mu'jam" (2246), al-Tabarani in "al-Awsat" (196) and al-Bayhaqi in "Shu'ab al-Iman" (6424), through the route of Sa'id bin Abi Maryam, with this chain.

Reference / Source: Al-Tabarani recorded it in "al-Kabir" (7160), "al-Awsat" (196) and "Musnad al-Shamiyyin" (2146) from Ahmad bin Hammad bin Zughbah al-Misri, and al-Bayhaqi (6424) through the route of Yahya bin Ayyub bin Badi; both of them from Sa'id bin Abi Maryam, from Ibn Lahi'ah, from 'Umarah bin Ghaziyyah.
Technical note / Defect ('illah): In "al-Mu'jam al-Awsat" and "Shu'ab al-Iman", Yahya bin Ayyub is paired with Ibn Lahi'ah.
Note / Clarification: In the narration of "al-Mu'jam al-Awsat" it says "the greater shirk" instead of "the lesser"!

Reference / Source: Ibn Qani' recorded it in "Mu'jam al-Sahabah" (1/34) and al-Bayhaqi (6425) through two routes from Ibn Lahi'ah, from 'Abd Rabbih bin Sa'id, from Ya'la bin Shaddad, from his father.
Details of the narration: He said: "We used to count showing off (riya')", and then he mentioned it.
Note / Clarification: In "Mu'jam al-Sahabah" it also says "the greater shirk"!

Corroborating chains and supporting reports: On this topic there is a report from Mu'adh bin Jabal, which has passed with the author at no. (4).

Corroborating chains and supporting reports: And (a report) from Mahmud bin Labid in Ahmad (39/23630), and its chain is munqati' (broken).