And the explanation of the evidence that the prohibition of facing or turning one's back to the Qiblah while defecating or urinating, as stated by the Prophet (peace be upon him), is regarding open fields and such places where there is no screen or barrier. As for toilets and those places where there is a wall or barrier between the person relieving himself and the Qiblah, there is concession in this matter.

Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates that I went to Sayyidah Hafsah bint Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), so I climbed onto the roof of her house. I saw the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) with his back towards the Qiblah and his face towards Shaam, relieving himself. These are the words of Abdul A’la’s hadith, and in Abu Hisham’s narration (hadith) «‏‏‏‏مستقبل القبلة» ‏‏‏‏ the words are“facing the Qiblah.”

Hazrat Marwan Asghar (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates that I saw Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) make his mount face the Qiblah, then he sat facing it and began to urinate. I said, "O Abu Abdur Rahman, was this not prohibited?" He replied, "Why not. Indeed, it was prohibited in the open space. But when there is something screening between you and the Qiblah, then there is no harm."

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came to a garbage dump (a heap of refuse), and he stood and urinated. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) performed ablution and wiped over his leather socks.

Abu Hazim narrates that I saw Sayyiduna Sahl bin Sa’d (may Allah be pleased with him) urinating while standing. After finishing, he explained the reason for his action by saying that he had seen someone better than himself do this (i.e., the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him).

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Mughirah bin Shu’bah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came riding on the horse of such-and-such people, then he spread both his legs and urinated while standing.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Usamah bin Zaid (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) on the night of Muzdalifah, stopped in a valley and urinated. It was not mentioned that (the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) poured water.

Lady Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates that I had the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) reclining against my chest when he asked for a bowl and urinated in it, then he leaned to one side and passed away.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "None of you should ever urinate in standing water, then (after urinating) perform ghusl with it." In the narration of Makhzumi, it is stated: "Do not urinate in still water, then perform ghusl with it."

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Beware of the two things that bring about curses," or he said: "Beware of the two things that cause people to curse." (That is, because of which people curse.) It was asked, "What are those two things?" The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "The person who relieves himself in people's pathways or in places where they seek shade." Imam Abu Bakr (may Allah have mercy on him) says: «‏‏‏‏او ظلهم» ‏‏‏‏ "From among their shaded places," by this the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) meant those shaded places where people gather to benefit from the shade. I have deduced this from the hadith of Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Ja'far (may Allah be pleased with them both), that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) liked to conceal himself for relieving himself behind an elevated place (such as a wall or a mound) or behind a cluster of date palms. Because by "hadaf" is meant a wall, and by "cluster of date palms" is meant a group of date trees. A garden is called a "cluster" (jhund) because of the abundance of trees. The shadow of a wall remains at all times except when the sun is at its zenith, while the shadow of a cluster of date palms remains all day (that is, even at the time of zenith its shadow remains). And the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) used to like that a person should conceal himself for relieving himself behind a wall or a cluster, even if both have shade.