Hazrat Sa'b bin Jathamah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) passed by me at the place of Abwa or Waddan. He was asked whether it was permissible to kill the women and children of the polytheists when a raid is carried out against their tribe at night. The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) replied: "They are from among them."

Hazrat Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrated that the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) had the date palm orchards of Banu Nadir burned and their trees cut down. These orchards were at the place of Buwairah. Upon this, the following verse was revealed: "Whatever you cut down of [their] palm trees or left standing on their trunks, it was by permission of Allah." (Al-Hashr: 5)

Hazrat Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Among the prophets of the Children of Israel, there was a prophet (Yusha’ peace be upon him) who intended to undertake a military expedition. So he said to his people (the Children of Israel):“No one should accompany me who has just married and has not yet spent a night with his wife and wishes to do so, nor anyone who has built a house but has not yet put a roof on it, nor anyone who has bought pregnant sheep or pregnant camels and is waiting for them to give birth.”(None of such people should go with us for jihad.) Then he set out for jihad, and when they approached that settlement (Jericho), the time for ‘Asr came or was near. He addressed the sun, saying:“You are also obedient to Allah, and I am also obedient to Him. O Allah! Hold it back for us in its place.”So the sun was held back until Allah granted them victory. Then they gathered the spoils of war, and a fire came to burn them, but it did not burn them. Upon this, the prophet said:“Someone among you has stolen from the spoils.”Therefore, one man from each tribe came and pledged allegiance on his hand (when they began to pledge), the hand of a man from one tribe stuck to his hand. He said:“The theft has been committed by people from your tribe. Now let all the people of your tribe come and pledge allegiance.”So two or three men from that tribe’s hands stuck to his hand in the same way. He said:“You people have committed the theft.”(Eventually, the theft was admitted) and they brought a head of gold like the head of a cow (which had been stolen from the spoils) and placed it among the spoils. Then the fire came and consumed it. After that, Allah made the spoils of war lawful for us, seeing our weakness and helplessness, so He made it lawful for us.

It is narrated from Hazrat Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent an army towards Najd. Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) was also with the army. The army obtained a large number of camels as spoils of war. Therefore, each soldier received twelve or eleven camels as his share, and one additional camel as a reward.

Hazrat Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrated that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), on certain expeditions, used to give to the participants, in addition to their general shares of the spoils (such as from the khums, etc.), something from his own side as well.

Hazrat Abu Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that in the year of the Battle of Hunayn, we set out with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Then, when we faced our enemy, (at first) the Muslim army began to lose. At that moment, I saw that a man from the army of the polytheists was overpowering a Muslim, so I immediately turned around and came from behind and struck his neck with my sword. Now that man attacked me, and he squeezed me so hard that it felt as if my soul was about to depart. Finally, when death overtook him, only then did he let me go. After that, I met Hazrat Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him), so I asked him, "What is the condition of the Muslims now?" He said, "What Allah had decreed has happened, but after losing, the Muslims regained their composure and faced the enemy again." Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sat down and said, "Whoever has killed a disbeliever and can present a witness to it, then all the belongings of the slain will belong to him." (Abu Qatadah, may Allah be pleased with him, said) I also stood up and said, "Who will bear witness on my behalf that I killed that man?" But (when no one stood up for me) I sat down. Then again, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, "(Today) whoever has killed a disbeliever and there is a witness on his behalf, then all the belongings of the slain will belong to him." This time again I stood up and said, "Who will bear witness on my behalf?" And again, I had to sit down. For the third time, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) repeated the same statement, and this time when I stood up, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) himself asked, "About what are you speaking, Abu Qatadah?" I narrated the whole incident before the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), so a man (Aswad bin Khuzai Aslami) said, "Abu Qatadah is telling the truth, O Messenger of Allah! And the belongings of the slain are with me. And please make him pleased with me (so that he does not take the belongings of the slain from me)." But Abu Bakr Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) said, "No, by Allah! The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) will not do such a thing with a lion of Allah, who fought for Allah and His Messenger, that he gives his belongings to you." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, "Abu Bakr has spoken the truth." Then he gave the belongings to Hazrat Abu Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him). Abu Qatadah said, "Then I sold his armor and bought a garden in Banu Salamah. And this was the first wealth I acquired after accepting Islam."

Hazrat Abdur Rahman bin Auf (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that during the Battle of Badr, I was standing in the row. When I looked to my right and left, I saw that on both my sides were two young boys from the Ansar tribe. I wished that I were between men who were stronger and older than them. One of them gestured towards me and asked, "Uncle! Do you know Abu Jahl?" I said, "Yes! But son, what do you have to do with him?" The boy replied, "I have heard that he abuses the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). By the One in Whose hand is my soul, if I find him, I will not leave him until one of us who is destined to die first, dies." I was greatly surprised at this. Then the other gestured and said the same things. Only a few moments had passed when I saw Abu Jahl wandering among the people (in the army of the disbelievers). I said to those boys, "The one you were asking me about is there (wandering in front of you)." Both of them drew their swords and rushed at him, and attacked and killed him. After that, they came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and informed him. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) asked, "Which of you killed him?" Both youths said, "I killed him." So he asked them, "Have you cleaned your swords?" They replied, "No." Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) looked at both swords and said, "Both of you killed him." And all his belongings will go to Mu'adh bin Amr bin Jamuh. Those two youths were Mu'adh bin 'Afra and Mu'adh bin Amr bin Jamuh.

Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the wealth (gardens, etc.) of Banu Nadir was among those things which Allah Almighty granted to His Messenger (peace be upon him) without fighting. The Muslims did not make their horses and camels run to acquire them, so this wealth was exclusively for the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him). From it, he (peace be upon him) would give his noble wives their annual maintenance, and the remainder he would spend on weapons and horses so that there would always be readiness (for jihad) in the way of Allah.

Malik bin Aws bin Hadthan Al-Nasri narrates that Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) had called him (he was present in the service of the Commander of the Faithful) when the guard of the Commander of the Faithful, Yarfa’, came and said:“Uthman bin Affan, Abdur Rahman bin Awf, Zubair bin Al-Awwam, and Sa’d bin Abi Waqqas (may Allah be pleased with them) wish to come in. Do you permit them?”The Commander of the Faithful said:“Yes, let them in.”After a short while, Yarfa’ came again and said:“Abbas and Ali (may Allah be pleased with them both) also seek permission. Do you allow them to enter?”He said:“Yes.”When these two elders also entered, Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said:“O Commander of the Faithful! Decide between me and him (Ali, may Allah be pleased with him).”They were disputing over the property which Allah Almighty had given to His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) as Fay’ from the wealth of Banu Nadir. On this occasion, Ali and Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them) spoke harshly to each other and criticized one another, so those present said:“O Commander of the Faithful! Decide between these two elders so that no dispute remains between them.”Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said:“Do not be hasty. I ask you by Allah, by whose command the heavens and the earth are established, do you know that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘We, the Prophets, do not leave inheritance; whatever we leave behind is charity,’ and by this, the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) meant himself?”Those present said:“Yes, the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) said this.”Then Umar turned to Abbas, Ali, and the rest (may Allah be pleased with them) and said:“I ask you both by Allah, do you also know that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said this hadith?”Both elders replied in the affirmative. After this, Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said:“Then I speak to you about this matter. Allah, the Exalted, had given His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) this Fay’ property (which was obtained from Banu Nadir) especially for him. Allah, the Exalted, said about it: ‘Of the goods which Allah has given to His Messenger from them (Banu Nadir), you made no expedition with either cavalry or camelry (i.e., you did not fight for it), but Allah gives power to His Messengers over whom He wills, and Allah has power over all things.’ So this property was specifically for the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), but by Allah, the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) did not keep it exclusively for himself, nor did he prefer himself over you. First, he gave you from this property and distributed it among you, and finally, this property remained from the Fay’. Thus, he used to take out the annual expenses for his pure wives from it, and whatever remained, he would spend in the ways of Allah, the Exalted. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) spent this property in these ways during his lifetime. Then, when he passed away, Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: ‘I have been made the successor of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him).’ Therefore, he took it into his possession and spent it in the same ways as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to spend, and you people were present. After that, Umar, Ali, and Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them) turned to each other, and he said:“You know that Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) also adopted the same method, as you also acknowledge, and by Allah! He was truthful, sincere, on the right path, and a follower of the truth in his conduct.”Then Allah, the Exalted, took Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) as well. I said:“Since I have been made the successor of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), I have possessed this property for two years of my caliphate and spent it in the same ways as the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) did, and Allah, the Exalted, knows that I too am truthful, sincere, on the right path, and a follower of the truth in my conduct. Then you both came to me; you both are one and your matter is one. Then you came to me.”(By this, Umar meant Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him.)“So I clearly told you both that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘Our inheritance is not distributed; whatever we leave behind is charity.’ Then, when I give this property to you both for management, I said to you: If you wish, I can give this property to you, but on the condition that you fulfill all the responsibilities of the covenant made before Allah, the Exalted. You know the method that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), and I myself, since I became caliph, have adopted regarding this property. If you do not accept this condition, then do not discuss this matter with me. You both said: ‘Fine, hand over this property to us on this condition.’ So I handed it over to you. Do you want any other decision from me in this matter besides this? By Allah, by whose command the heavens and the earth are established, I cannot make any other decision until the Day of Judgment. If you are unable (to manage it according to the condition), then return the property to me, and I will manage it myself.”

Hazrat Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) narrated that when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away, his wives wanted to send Hazrat Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) to Hazrat Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) to request their share of inheritance. Then Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) reminded them, "Did the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) not say that our inheritance is not distributed? Whatever we leave behind is all charity."