Narrated Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her): The Prophet’s (peace and blessings be upon him) daughter Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) sent someone to Abu Bakr As-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) demanding her inheritance from the property which Allah’s Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) had been granted by Allah in Medina and Fadak, and from the remaining fifth of the spoils of Khaybar. Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) replied that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had said,“We, the Prophets, do not leave inheritance; whatever we leave behind is charity. However, the family of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) will eat from this property. By Allah, I will not change anything in the charity left by the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). It will remain as it was during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and I will act regarding its distribution as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) did in his lifetime.”Thus, Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) did not give anything to Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her). Upon this, Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) became upset with Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and stopped meeting him, and she did not speak to him until her death. Lady Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) lived for six months after the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). When she passed away, her husband Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) buried her at night and did not inform Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), and he himself led her funeral prayer. As long as Lady Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) was alive, people paid great attention to Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), but after her death, he noticed that people’s faces had turned away from him. At that time, he wished to reconcile with Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and to pledge allegiance to him. For six months prior, he had not pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him). Then he sent for Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and requested that he come alone and not bring anyone with him; he did not want Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) to come with him. Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said to Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him),“By Allah! Do not go to them alone.”Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said,“Why? What will they do to me? By Allah, I will surely go to them.”So he went to Ali (may Allah be pleased with him). Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) called Allah as witness and then said,“We acknowledge your virtue and excellence and all that Allah has granted you. We have not competed with you in any of the goodness and distinction that Allah has given you. But you have wronged us (by not consulting us in the matter of the caliphate). Because of our close relationship with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), we considered ourselves entitled (to be consulted).”Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) was overcome with tears at these words, and when he was able to speak, he said,“By Him in Whose hand is my soul, maintaining the ties of kinship with the relatives of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) is dearer to me than with my own relatives. But regarding the property over which there was a difference between me and you, I have not deviated from the truth and goodness, and in this matter, I have followed the path I saw the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) take.”After this, Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said to Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him),“I will pledge allegiance to you after midday.”So, after finishing the Zuhr prayer, Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) came to the pulpit, and after delivering a sermon, he mentioned the matter of Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) and his delay in pledging allegiance, and he also mentioned the excuse Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) had presented. Then Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), after seeking forgiveness and bearing witness, acknowledged the right and greatness of Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and said,“What I did was not out of envy for Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), nor was it to deny the excellence and virtue that Allah has granted him. It was only that we considered ourselves entitled to be consulted in the matter of the caliphate, and it was this omission that caused us grief.”The Muslims were very pleased with this event and said,“You have spoken rightly.”When Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) adopted this appropriate course in the matter, the Muslims were pleased with him and began to love Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) even more when they saw that he had chosen the right path.

Umm al-Mu’minin Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) narrated that the daughter of the Noble Messenger (peace be upon him), Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her), after the death of the Prophet (peace be upon him), demanded from Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) that she be given her share of inheritance from the property which Allah had given to the Prophet (peace be upon him) as ‘fay’ (such as Fadak, etc.). Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) said to her that the Prophet (peace be upon him) had said (during his lifetime) that our (the group of Prophets’) inheritance is not distributed; whatever we leave behind is charity. Lady Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) became angry upon hearing this and stopped meeting Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), and did not meet him until her death. She lived for six months after the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him). Aisha al-Siddiqa (may Allah be pleased with her) said that Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) had demanded from Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) the inheritance of the charity of Khaybar, Fadak, and Madinah of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him). Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) refused this. He said that I cannot leave any action which the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) used to do during his lifetime. I will certainly do every such action. I fear that if I leave any action of the Prophet (peace be upon him), I will deviate from the truth. (Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, said that) then the charity of Madinah of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) was given by Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) to Ali and Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them) during his caliphate. However, the properties of Khaybar and Fadak were withheld by Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), and he said that both of these are the charity of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and were kept for those rights which arise temporarily or for temporary incidents. These properties will remain under the authority of the person who is the caliph of the time. (Zuhri said) Thus, the administration of these two properties continues in this manner (through the government) to this day.

Hazrat Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Whoever are my heirs, if I leave behind any money or gold coins, they should not distribute it; after taking out the expenses of my wives and the expenses of the one managing my property, it is charity.

Hazrat Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) sent some horsemen towards Najd. They captured a man from among the chiefs of the tribe of Banu Hanifah, Thumamah bin Uthal, and tied him to one of the pillars of the Prophet’s Mosque. The Prophet (peace be upon him) came out and asked,“Thumamah, what do you think (I should do with you)?”He replied,“O Muhammad! I have good (in store for you). (Even then) if you kill me, you will be killing a person who has shed blood. He has killed Muslims in battle. And if you show kindness to me, you will be showing kindness to one who is grateful. But if you want wealth, then ask me for as much wealth as you wish.”The Prophet (peace be upon him) left him and went away. The next day, he again asked,“Thumamah, what do you think now?”He replied,“The same as I said before: if you show kindness, you will be showing kindness to one who is grateful.”The Prophet (peace be upon him) again left. On the third day, he again asked him,“What do you think now, Thumamah?”He replied,“The same as I have already told you.”The Prophet (peace be upon him) said to his companions,“Release Thumamah (untie him).”So he went to a garden near the Prophet’s Mosque, performed ghusl (ritual bath), then came to the mosque and recited:“Ashhadu an la ilaha illallah wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan Rasulullah”(I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah). He said,“O Muhammad! By Allah, there was no face on the surface of the earth more hateful to me than your face, but today your face has become the most beloved to me. By Allah, there was no religion more hateful to me than your religion, but today your religion is the most beloved and dear to me. By Allah, there was no city more hateful to me than your city, but today your city is the most beloved to me. Your horsemen captured me when I had intended to perform ‘Umrah. What is your command now?”The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) gave him glad tidings and ordered him to perform ‘Umrah. When he reached Makkah, someone said,“He has become irreligious.”He replied,“No, rather I have believed with Muhammad (peace be upon him), and by Allah, not a single grain of wheat will come to you from Yamamah until the Prophet (peace be upon him) permits it.”

Narrated Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him): We were in the mosque when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came to us and said, "Let us go to the Jews." We set out with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and when we reached "Bayt al-Midras," the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) called out to them, "O community of Jews! Accept Islam and you will be safe." The Jews said, "Abu al-Qasim! You have conveyed (the message)." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, "That is my purpose." Then he repeated the same words, and the Jews said, "Abu al-Qasim, you have conveyed (the message)." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said the same thing a third time, and then said, "You should know that the earth belongs to Allah and His Messenger, and I am expelling you. So, whoever among you has any wealth, he should sell it before being expelled, otherwise know that the earth belongs to Allah and His Messenger."

Narrated Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both): Banu Nadir and Banu Qurayza fought against the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) by breaking their treaty. Therefore, he exiled the tribe of Banu Nadir, but he did not exile the tribe of Banu Qurayza and thus showed kindness to them. Later, Banu Qurayza also waged war, so he had their men killed and distributed their women, children, and property among the Muslims. Only some of Banu Qurayza were exempted from this because they had sought the protection of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), so he granted them protection and they accepted Islam. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) exiled all the Jews from Madinah: Banu Qaynuqa, who were the tribe of Abdullah bin Salam (may Allah be pleased with him), the Jews of Banu Haritha, and all the Jews of Madinah.

Narrated Abu Sa'id Al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him): When Banu Qurayza surrendered and came down from their fortress on the condition of arbitration by Sa'd bin Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him), the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent for him. He (Sa'd) was staying nearby (because he was wounded). Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him) came riding on a donkey. When he approached the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), the Prophet said: "Stand up for your leader (and help him dismount)." So he dismounted and sat near the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "These people (Banu Qurayza) have surrendered on your arbitration, so give your judgment concerning them." He said: "My judgment is that all the men who fought should be killed, and their women and children should be taken as captives." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "You have judged according to Allah's command."

Narrated by Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her): During the Battle of the Trench, Sa’d (may Allah be pleased with him) was wounded. A disbeliever of the Quraysh, named Habban bin ‘Ariqah, shot an arrow at him which struck the vein of his arm. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had a tent pitched for him in the mosque so that he could visit him closely. Then, when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) returned from the Battle of the Trench and had put down his weapons and taken a bath, Jibreel (peace be upon him) came to him, shaking the dust from his head. He said to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him),“You have put down your weapons, but by Allah, I have not yet put down mine. You are to march against them.”The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked,“Against whom?”He pointed towards Banu Qurayza. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) reached Banu Qurayza (and after a severe siege of fifteen days by the Muslim army, the Jews) surrendered by accepting Sa’d bin Mu’adh (may Allah be pleased with him) as the arbitrator. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave Sa’d (may Allah be pleased with him) the authority to decide. Sa’d (may Allah be pleased with him) said,“My decision regarding them is that all those capable of fighting among them should be killed, their women and children should be taken captive, and their wealth should be distributed.”

Hazrat Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) narrated that Hazrat Sa’d (may Allah be pleased with him) made this supplication:“O Allah! You know well that nothing is dearer to me than that I fight in Your path against the people who denied Your Messenger (peace be upon him) and expelled him from his homeland. Now it seems that You have ended the fighting between us and them, but if there remains any part of our battle with the Quraysh, then keep me alive for it, so that I may fight them in Your path. And if You have indeed ended the fighting, then make my wounds fresh again and let me die from them.”After this supplication, his wound on the chest became fresh again. There was also a tent in the mosque belonging to some companions from the tribe of Banu Ghifar. Blood flowed towards them, so they became anxious and said,“O people of the tent! Why is this blood flowing towards us from your side?”When they looked, they saw that blood was flowing from the wound of Sa’d (may Allah be pleased with him), and he passed away from it.

Hazrat Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates that when the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) returned from the Battle of the Trench, he said to us that no one should offer the Asr prayer before reaching the locality of Banu Qurayza. However, when the time for Asr arrived, some of the companions (may Allah be pleased with them) performed the prayer on the way, while others said that they would offer the Asr prayer upon reaching the locality of Banu Qurayza. Some people thought that they should perform the prayer because the intention of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was not for them to miss the prayer. Then, when this was mentioned to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), he did not reproach any of them.