Hazrat Shurayh says that witness and oath are meant.

Hazrat Mujahid, regarding the Quranic verse "Yu'til hikmata man yashaa," states that Prophethood is not meant by this. Rather, knowledge, the Quran, and jurisprudence are meant.

Hazrat Ziyad says that by "fasl al-khitab" is meant "amma ba'd".

Hazrat Shurayh says that what is meant is witness and oath.

The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: No judge should decide between two people while he is in a state of anger.

Hazrat Shurayh says that I have never paid attention to the unnecessary words of the litigant, nor have I ever tried to explain his argument to him myself.

Hazrat Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said that a judge should not pass judgment between two people while in a state of anger.

The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: You bring your disputes to me, while I am also a human being like you. Perhaps some of you may be more eloquent in presenting arguments than others, and I judge between you according to what I hear from you. So, if I decide in favor of someone, granting him something that rightfully belongs to his brother, he should not take it, for indeed, it is a piece of fire, which he will bring with him on the Day of Resurrection.

It is narrated from Hazrat Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) that two men from the Ansar came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) disputing over inheritance. They had no witnesses. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "You bring your disputes to me, but I am only a human being like you. Perhaps one of you may be more eloquent in presenting his argument than the other, so I judge between you according to what I hear. So, if I decide in favor of someone, granting him a right that belongs to his brother, he should not take it, for in fact, it is a piece of fire, which will be hung around his neck on the Day of Judgment." Hazrat Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) says that upon hearing this, both of them began to weep, and each said to the other, "My right is for my brother." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Now that you have done this, go and divide it among yourselves, intend to do what is right, and then draw lots between yourselves. Then each of you should make his share lawful for his brother."

It is narrated from Hazrat Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: I am also a human being like you; perhaps some of you may overpower others in argument and evidence. So whoever takes even a piece from his brother, it will be a piece of fire for him on the Day of Resurrection.