Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave a verdict based on the testimony of one person and the oath of the rightful claimant. The narrator says that Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) also gave such a verdict in Iraq.

Amr bin Shu’aib narrates from his father, from his grandfather, Abdullah bin Amr (may Allah be pleased with them), that the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said:“In matters of rights, Allah and His Messenger have decreed in favor of two witnesses. So whoever brings two witnesses will receive his right, and if someone brings only one witness, then he will take an oath along with his witness.”

Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave a verdict by taking an oath along with one witness.

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) returned the oath of the person who was seeking his right.

Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The person against whom a claim is made has more right to take an oath, but if that person refuses to take an oath, then the claimant will take an oath and receive that right.

Sayyiduna Hasan al-Basri (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates that the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever is summoned to the court of a Muslim (judge) and does not go there, then that person will be considered a wrongdoer, and he will have no right."

Rabee'ah bin Abdur Rahman narrates from the son of Sayyiduna Sa'd bin 'Ubadah: We found in the writings of Sa'd bin 'Ubadah that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave a verdict by taking an oath along with one witness.

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them) narrates that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave a verdict based on an oath along with one witness. Some narrators have differed in transmitting this.

Sayyiduna Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), Sayyiduna Abu Bakr, Sayyiduna Umar, and Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with them all) — all of them used to decide cases by taking an oath from the claimant. Ja'far narrates: The judges of our time also decide in the same way nowadays.

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Aamir (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that I had the opportunity to see Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), and Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him); they used to pass judgment with an oath and one witness.