It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) exiled the Jews and Christians from Hijaz. The details are as follows: When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) took control of the region of Khaybar, he intended to expel the Jews from there, because after the conquest, the land had become the property of Allah Almighty, His Messenger, and the Muslims. So when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) intended to expel the Jews from there, they requested the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) to allow them to stay there on the condition that they would work in exchange for half of the produce. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Fine, we will keep you here as long as we wish. So they remained there until Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) exiled them towards Tayma and Ariha.

It is narrated from Basheer bin Yasaar that he found several Companions mentioning in this way that when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) prevailed over Khaybar and Khaybar became the property of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and the Muslims, since he (and the Companions) themselves were too weak to work in it, he entrusted it to the Jews so that they would supervise it and spend on it, and in return, they would receive half of its fruits. (al-Hadith)

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave the land and dates of Khaybar to the Jews on the basis of half and half share.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) made an agreement with the people of Khaybar for half of the produce, whether it be crops or fruits. Al-Hadith.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Rafi' bin Khadij (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade leasing land in exchange for cash dirhams or for a third or a quarter share of the produce.

Abu Najashi, the slave of Sayyiduna Rafi’, says: I asked Sayyiduna Rafi’ (may Allah be pleased with him) about giving land on rent and said: I have land, can I give it on rent? He said: Do not give it for anything in exchange, because I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: Whoever owns land should cultivate it himself, and if he does not cultivate it himself, then he should give it to his brother to cultivate, and if he does not do even that, then he should just leave it as it is. I said: Please tell me, if I leave my land uncultivated, but if my brother cultivates it and sends me some fodder (is there any harm in that)? He said: Do not take anything from him, not even fodder. I said: I do not set any condition with him, he just sends me something as a gift? He said: Do not take anything from him.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: In the time of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), we used to give land on sharecropping, and sometimes after threshing the grain, we would get those grains that remained in the ears and could not be separated by threshing. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Whoever has land, let him cultivate it himself or give it to his brother for cultivation, otherwise he should leave it as it is.

The son of Rafi’ narrates that our master Rafi’ bin Khadij (may Allah be pleased with him) came to us after being with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has forbidden us from an act which was beneficial for us, but in any case, obedience to Allah Almighty and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) is the most profitable for us. The detail is that if the land is someone’s property or someone’s gift, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) has forbidden working on it on the basis of sharecropping.

Usayd bin Zuhayr says: We used to give surplus land on sharecropping for a third, a fourth, or half of the produce, and we used to set conditions regarding three water channels, the grains left in the ears after threshing, and the land irrigated by small streams, while at that time there was great hardship in subsistence. Then those people used to farm with iron tools, etc., and we also used to get profit. But it happened that Sayyiduna Rafi‘ bin Khadij (may Allah be pleased with him) came to us and said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has forbidden you from a practice that was beneficial for you; nevertheless, obedience to Allah and His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) is more beneficial than everything else. The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) has forbidden you from sharecropping and said: Whoever has surplus land, let him give it to his brother as a loan without compensation, or let him leave it fallow. Also, he (peace and blessings be upon him) has forbidden you from muzābanah, and muzābanah is that a man has a lot of produce on his date palms, and another man comes and says: I will buy these dates from you in exchange for such-and-such a measure of dates.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Rafi’ bin Khadij (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade giving land on sharecropping, that is, on the condition of receiving a third or a fourth of the produce.