Narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: On the Day of Resurrection, Noah (peace be upon him) will be called and asked: Did you convey the message? He will say: Yes. Then his people will be called and asked: Did Noah (peace be upon him) convey the message to you? They will say: No warner came to us. Noah (peace be upon him) will be asked: Now who will testify in your favor? He will say: Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) and his Ummah. This is the meaning of Allah Almighty’s statement: {وَکَذٰلِکَ جَعَلْنَا کُمْ اُمَّۃً وَّسَطًا} … Thus We have made you a just community. The meaning of "wasat" is just. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Then the people of my Ummah will be called and they will testify in favor of Noah (peace be upon him), and then I will testify in your favor.

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates: When the Qiblah was changed, some people said: O Messenger of Allah! What will happen to our companions who used to pray facing Bayt al-Maqdis and then died in that state? Allah Almighty revealed this verse: {وَمَا کَانَ اللّٰہُ لِیُضِیْعَ اِیْمَانَکُمْ} … Allah Almighty is not one to waste your prayers.

Syedna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) used to pray facing towards Bayt al-Maqdis, then when this verse was revealed: {قَدْ نَرٰی تَقَلُّبَ وَجْہِکَ فِی السَّمَائِ فَلَنُوَلِّیَنَّکَ قِبْلَۃً تَرْضَاہَا فَوَلِّ وَجْہَکَ شَطْرَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ} … "Indeed, We see the turning of your face towards the heaven; surely We shall turn you to a Qiblah which you shall like. So turn your face towards al-Masjid al-Haram." Then a man passed by the people of Banu Salamah while they were in the state of bowing in the Fajr prayer and had completed one rak'ah, the passerby called out: "Beware! The Qiblah has been changed, beware! The Qiblah has been changed and now the Ka'bah is the Qiblah." So they turned towards the Qiblah in that very state.

Sayyiduna Bara’ bin Azib (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) prayed facing Bayt al-Maqdis for sixteen or seventeen months. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) was directed towards the Ka‘bah, and this was also the qiblah he preferred. So Allah Almighty revealed this verse: {قَدْ نَرٰی تَقَلُّبَ وَجْہِکَ فِی السَّمَائِ فَلَنُوَلِّیَنَّکَ قِبْلَۃً تَرْضَاہَا فَوَلِّ وَجْہَکَ شَطْرَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ} …“Indeed, We see the turning of your face towards the heaven; surely We shall turn you to a qiblah which you shall like. So turn your face towards al-Masjid al-Haram.”A man who had performed the ‘Asr prayer with the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) passed by a group of the Ansar while they were in the state of bowing (ruku‘). He said:“I bear witness that I have prayed with the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and he has been commanded to face the Ka‘bah.”So they turned towards the Ka‘bah at that very moment while they were in the state of bowing.

It is narrated from Urwah, he said to Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her): What is your opinion about this verse: {إِنَّ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَۃَ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللّٰہِ فَمَنْ حَجَّ الْبَیْتَ أَ وْ اعْتَمَرَ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَیْہِ أَ نْ یَطَّوَّفَ بِہِمَا} … Indeed, Safa and Marwah are among the symbols of Allah, so whoever performs Hajj to the House or Umrah, there is no sin upon him to perform Tawaf between them (Surah Al-Baqarah: 158). I said: This means that if one does not perform their Tawaf, there is no harm. But Sayyidah said: O nephew! You have not understood correctly. If the meaning was as you are stating, then the words of the Quran would have been: {فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَیْہِ أَ نْ لَا یَطَّوَّفَ بِہِمَا} … So there is no sin upon him if he does not perform Tawaf between them. The real incident is that before accepting Islam, the Ansar used to assume Ihram for the idol Manat, which they worshipped, and it was located at Mushallal. And whoever assumed Ihram for this idol, considered it objectionable to perform Sa’i between Safa and Marwah. When they asked the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) about this and said: O Messenger of Allah! In the days of ignorance, we used to feel it objectionable to perform Sa’i between Safa and Marwah, so Allah Almighty revealed this verse: {إِنَّ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَۃَ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللّٰہِ فَمَنْ حَجَّ الْبَیْتَ أَوِ اعْتَمَرَ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَیْہِ أَ نْ یَطَّوَّفَ بِہِمَا} … Indeed, Safa and Marwah are among the symbols of Allah, so whoever performs Hajj to the House or Umrah, there is no sin upon him to perform Tawaf between them. Then Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) said: The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) has prescribed their Sa’i, therefore it is not appropriate for anyone to leave their Tawaf.

It is narrated from Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her), she said regarding the command of Allah Almighty { إِنَّ الصَّفَا وَ الْمَرْوَۃَ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللّٰہِ}: The Ansar who, in the time of ignorance, used to enter into Ihram for Manat, Manat was the name of an idol between Mecca and Medina, they said: O Prophet of Allah! We used to perform Sa’i between Safa and Marwah in honor of Manat, is there any harm for us now in performing Sa’i between them? So Allah Almighty revealed this verse {إِنَّ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَۃَ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللّٰہِ فَمَنْ حَجَّ الْبَیْتَ أَ وِ اعْتَمَرَ فَـلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَیْہِ أَ نْ یَطَّوَّفَ بِہِمَا} … Indeed, Safa and Marwah are among the symbols of Allah, so whoever performs Hajj of this House or Umrah, there is no sin upon him that he should perform Tawaf between them.

Sayyiduna Mu’adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the obligation of prayer was established in three stages, and the obligation of fasting was also established in three stages. The stages of prayer are as follows: When the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) migrated to Madinah Munawwarah, he continued to pray facing the Ka’bah for seventeen months... (The complete hadith has already been mentioned in the Book of Prayer.) The stages of fasting are as follows: When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) migrated to Madinah Munawwarah, he used to fast three days every month. Yazid, the narrator, says: From Rabi’ al-Awwal until the obligation of fasting in the month of Ramadan, for a total of seventeen months, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) used to fast three days every month. He also fasted on the tenth of Muharram. Then Allah Almighty made the fasting of the month of Ramadan obligatory upon him and revealed these verses: {یَا اَیُّہَا الَّذِیْنَ آمَنُوا کُتِبَ عَلَیْکُمُ الصِّیَامُ کَمَا کُتِبَ عَلَی الَّذِیْنَ مِنْ قَبْلِکُمْ لَعَلَّکُمْ تَتَّقُوْنَ۔} (O you who believe! Fasting is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you, so that you may become righteous.) And He said: { وَعَلَی الَّذِیْنَیُطِیْقُوْنَہُ فِدْیَۃٌ طَعَامُ مِسْکِیْنٍ} (And those who are able to fast but with hardship, they may substitute a ransom, feeding a poor person [for each day] .) Acting upon these verses, whoever wished would fast, and whoever did not wish to fast would feed a poor person as ransom, and that would suffice for him. After that, Allah Almighty revealed this command: {شَہْرُ رَمَضَانَ الَّذِی اُنْزِلَ فیِہِ الْقُرْآنُ ھُدًی لِّلنَّاسِ وَبَیِّنَاتٍ مِّنَ الْھُدٰی وَالْفُرْقَانِ فَمَنْ شَہِدَ مِنْکُمُ الشَّہْرَ فَلْیَصُمْہُ} (The month of Ramadan is that in which was revealed the Qur’an, a guidance for the people and clear proofs of guidance and criterion. So whoever sights [the new moon of] the month, let him fast it.) In this way, Allah Almighty made fasting in this month obligatory upon every resident and healthy person, but gave concession to the sick and the traveler to not fast, and for the elderly who could not bear to fast, the ruling remained that they should feed a poor person as ransom. These are two conditions. The third condition was that people could eat, drink, and have relations with their wives until they slept at night, but once they slept, all of this became forbidden for them. One day, it happened that an Ansari Companion named Surmah worked all day while fasting. When evening came, he reached home, prayed the ‘Isha prayer, and fell asleep without eating or drinking, until morning came and thus his fast had already begun. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) saw him and noticed that he was very exhausted, he asked:“You look very exhausted, what is the reason?”He said:“O Messenger of Allah! I worked all day yesterday, and when I came home and lay down, I fell asleep (and thus eating and drinking became forbidden for me), and when morning came, I was already in the state of fasting.”On the other hand, Sayyiduna ‘Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) had a situation where, after waking from sleep, he had relations with his wife or slave woman, and he came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and told him the whole matter. At that time, Allah Almighty revealed this command: {اُحِلَّ لَکُمْ لَیْلَۃَ الصِّیَامِ الرَّفَثُ إلٰی نِسَائِکُمْ ھُنَّ لِبَاسٌ لَّکُمْ وَاَنْتُمْ لِبَاسٌ لَّھُنَّ عَلِمَ اللّٰہُ اَنَّکُمْ کُنْتُمْ تَخْتَانُوْنَ اَنْفُسَکُمْ فَتَابَ عَلَیْکُمْ وَعَفَا عَنْکُمْ فَالْئٰنَ بَاشِرُوْھُنَّ وَابْتَغُوْا مَا کَتَبَ اللّٰہُ لَکُمْ وَکُلُوْا وَاشْرَبُوْا حَتّٰییَتَبَیَّنَ لَکُمُ الْخَیْطُ الْاَبْیَضُ مِنَ الْخَیْطِ الْاَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ ثُمَّ اَتِمُّوْا الصِّیَامَ إِلَی الَّیْلِ۔} (It has been made lawful for you to have relations with your wives on the nights of fasting. They are a garment for you and you are a garment for them. Allah knows that you used to deceive yourselves, so He accepted your repentance and forgave you. So now, have relations with them and seek what Allah has decreed for you. And eat and drink until the white thread of dawn becomes distinct to you from the black thread [of night] . Then complete the fast until the night.)

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Bara’ (may Allah be pleased with him) that when any of the Companions would be fasting, and after the time for breaking the fast had arrived, if he slept before having iftar, then he could neither eat that night nor the next day, until the evening of the following day. An Ansari, that is, Sayyiduna Sirmah bin Qais, was fasting. When it was time for iftar, he came to his wife and said:“Is there anything to eat?”She said:“No, but I will go and look for something for you.”In the meantime, he fell asleep. When his wife returned and saw him, she said:“Alas, what a misfortune for you (now what will happen)!”Thus, he spent the morning in that state, and when half the day had passed, he fainted. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was informed of this entire situation, this verse was revealed: {اُحِلَّ لَکُمْ لَیْلَۃَ الصِّیَامِ الرَّفَثُ اِلٰی نِسَائِکُمْ ھُنَّ لِبَاسٌ لَّکُمْ وَاَنْتُمْ لِبَاسٌ لَّہُنَّ عَلِمَ اللّٰہُ اَنَّکُمْ کُنْتُمْ تَخْتَانُوْنَ اَنْفُسَکُمْ فَتَابَ عَلَیْکُمْ وَعَفَا عَنْکُمْ فَالْئٰنَ بَاشِرُوْھُنَّ وَابْتَغُوْا مَا کَتَبَ اللّٰہُ لَکُمْ وَکُلُوْا وَاشْرَبُوْا حَتّٰییَتَبَیَّنَ لَکُمُ الْخَیْطُ الْاَبْیَضُ مِنَ الْخَیْطِ الْاَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ} … It has been made lawful for you to be intimate with your wives during the nights of fasting. They are a garment for you and you are a garment for them. Allah knew that you were betraying yourselves, so He turned to you in mercy and forgave you. So now, be intimate with them and seek what Allah has decreed for you, and eat and drink until the white thread of dawn becomes distinct to you from the black thread (Surah Al-Baqarah: 187).

Sayyiduna ‘Adi bin Hatim (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that when this verse was revealed: {وَکُلُوْا وَاشْرَبُوْا حَتّٰییَتَبَیَّنَ لَکُمُ الْخَیْطُ الْاَبْیَضُ مِنَ الْخَیْطِ الْاَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ} … And eat and drink until the white thread becomes distinct to you from the black thread of dawn (Surah Al-Baqarah: 187), I, ‘Adi, took two threads, one black and the other white, and placed them under my pillow. Then I began to look at them, but neither the black thread nor the white thread became distinct to me. When morning came, I went to the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and told him what I had done. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Your pillow is indeed very wide! What is meant is the whiteness of the day and the darkness of the night."

It is also narrated from Sayyiduna ‘Adi (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) taught me about prayer and fasting, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: At such-and-such time, perform such-and-such prayer and keep the fast; when the sun sets, then eat and drink, until the white thread becomes distinct from the black thread, and keep fasts for thirty days, unless the moon is sighted earlier. I took two threads, one black and one white, and began to look at them, but they did not become distinct for me. When I mentioned this to the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), he smiled and said: O Ibn Hatim! By this is meant the whiteness of the day and the darkness of the night.