Sayyiduna Ka'b bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that (in the beginning) when people used to fast in Ramadan, and if a person slept after the evening, that is, after sunset, then eating, drinking, and relations with wives would become forbidden for him, until he would break his fast the next day. One night, Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) stayed awake with the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and returned home late. When he arrived, he saw that his wife had fallen asleep. When he wished to have relations with her, she said: "I have fallen asleep (therefore, now relations are not permissible)," but Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "You have not slept," and then he fulfilled his marital right. Similarly, Sayyiduna Ka'b bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) did the same. When Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) went to the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and informed him of his action, Allah Almighty revealed this verse: {عَلِمَ اللّٰہُ أَ نَّکُمْ کُنْتُمْ تَخْتَانُونَ أَ نْفُسَکُمْ فَتَابَ عَلَیْکُمْ وَعَفَا عَنْکُمْ}

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ka'b bin Ujrah (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: We were in the state of Ihram with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) at the place of Hudaybiyyah. The polytheists of Makkah prevented us from going forward. My hair was long and lice were falling on my face. The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) passed by me and asked: Are the lice of your head troubling you? I said: Yes. He (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered me to shave my head, and this verse was revealed: {فَمَنْ کَانَ مِنْکُمْ مَرِیْضًا أَ وْ بِہٖٓأَذًی مِّنْ رَأْسِہِ فَفِدْیَۃٌ مِنْ صِیَامٍ أَ وْ صَدَقَۃٍ أَ وْ نُسُکٍ} (And whoever among you is ill or has an ailment of the head [necessitating shaving] , must offer a ransom of fasting or charity or sacrifice.)

(Second chain) Abdullah bin Ma’qil Mazni says: I was sitting in the mosque of Kufa with Sayyiduna Ka’b bin ‘Ujrah (may Allah be pleased with him). I asked him about this verse {فَفِدْیَۃٌ مِّنْ صِیَامٍ أَ وْ صَدَقَۃٍ أَ وْ نُسُکٍ} (Surah Al-Baqarah: 196). He said: This verse was revealed about me. There were lice in my hair, and when I was brought to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), lice were falling on my face. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: I did not think that you would be in so much pain and hardship. Are you able to sacrifice a goat? I said: No. At that time, this verse was revealed: {فَفِدْیَۃٌ مِّنْ صِیَامٍ أَ وْ صَدَقَۃٍ أَ وْ نُسُکٍ} (Surah Al-Baqarah: 196) (ransom is to be given in the form of fasting, charity, or sacrifice). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: There are three days of fasting, or feeding six needy people, and for each needy person, half a sa’ of food. This verse was revealed specifically for me, but its ruling is general for all of you.

It is narrated from Abu Umamah Taimi, he says: I said to Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them): We rent out animals, does our Hajj become valid? He said: Do you not perform Tawaf of the House of Allah, do you not go to Arafat, do you not throw pebbles at the Jamarat, and do you not shave your heads? We said: Yes, of course, we do all these things. Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them) said: A man came to the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and asked him the same question that you have asked me. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did not give him any answer, until Jibreel (peace be upon him) descended with this verse: {لَیْسَ عَلَیْکُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَ نْ تَبْتَغُوْا فَضْلًا مِنْ رَبِّکُمْ} … There is no sin upon you that you seek the bounty of your Lord. The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) called that man and said: You are indeed among the pilgrims.

Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that wine was prohibited in three stages. When the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) arrived in Madinah Munawwarah, people used to drink wine and consume earnings from gambling. When they asked the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) about the ruling on wine and gambling, Allah the Exalted revealed this command: {یَسْئَـلُوْنَکَ عَنِ الْخَمْرِ وَالْمَیْسِرِ قُلْ فِیْہِمَآ اِثْمٌ کَبِیْرٌ وَّمَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ ْ وَاِثْـمُہُمَآ اَکْبَرُ مِنْ نَّفْعِہِمَا وَیَسْئَـلُوْنَکَ مَاذَا یُنْفِقُوْنَ قُلِ الْعَفْوَ کَذٰلِکَ یُـبَیِّنُ اللّٰہُ لَکُمُ الْاٰیٰتِ لَعَلَّکُمْ تَتَفَکَّرُوْنَ۔} … They ask you about wine and gambling. Say, "In them is great sin and [yet, some] benefit for people. But their sin is greater than their benefit." And they ask you what they should spend. Say, "The excess [beyond needs] ." Thus Allah makes clear to you the verses [of revelation] that you might give thought. (Surah Al-Baqarah: 219) People said: These have not yet been made unlawful for us; Allah the Exalted has only said that there is great sin in them, so they continued to drink wine. Until a time came when a man from among the Muhajirun led his companions in prayer—it was the Maghrib prayer—and he mixed up the recitation. So Allah the Exalted revealed a slightly stricter command regarding this and said: {یَا أَ یُّہَا الَّذِینَ آمَنُوْا لَا تَقْرَبُوا الصَّلَاۃَ وَأَ نْتُمْ سُکَارٰی حَتَّی تَعْلَمُوا مَا تَقُولُونَ} … O you who have believed, do not approach prayer while you are intoxicated until you know what you are saying. Yet people continued to drink wine, but in such a way that they would be sober by the time of prayer. Eventually, the strictest prohibition was revealed regarding this, so Allah the Exalted said: {یَا أَ یُّہَا الَّذِینَ آمَنُوْا إِنَّمَا الْخَمْرُ وَالْمَیْسِرُ وَالْأَ نْصَابُ وَالْأَ زْلَامُ رِجْسٌ مِنْ عَمَلِ الشَّیْطَانِ فَاجْتَنِبُوْہُ لَعَلَّکُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ} … O you who have believed, indeed, intoxicants, gambling, [sacrificing on] stone altars [to other than Allah] , and divining arrows are but defilement from the work of Satan, so avoid it that you may be successful. (Surah Al-Ma'idah: 90) Then people said: Now we have refrained. Then some people said: O Messenger of Allah! Those who have been martyred in the way of Allah or died a natural death, while they used to drink wine and consume earnings from gambling, and now Allah the Exalted has declared it impure and a satanic act—so at that time Allah the Exalted revealed this command: {لَیْسَ عَلَی الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْا وَعَمِلُوا الصّٰلِحٰتِ جُنَاحٌ فِیْمَا طَعِمُوْٓا اِذَا مَا اتَّقَوْا وَّاٰمَنُوْا وَعَمِلُوا الصّٰلِحٰتِ ثُمَّ اتَّقَوْا وَّاٰمَنُوْا ثُمَّ اتَّقَوْا وَّاَحْسَنُوْا وَاللّٰہُ یُحِبُّ الْمُحْسِنِیْنَ۔} … There is not upon those who believe and do righteousness [any] blame concerning what they have eaten [in the past] if they [now] fear Allah and believe and do righteous deeds, then [again] fear Allah and believe, and then [again] fear Allah and do good; and Allah loves the doers of good. (Surah Al-Ma'idah: 93) Then the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: If these had been made unlawful in their lifetime, they too would have abandoned them just as you have abandoned them.

Abu Maisarah says: When the prohibition of alcohol was revealed, Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O my Allah! State for us a clear and satisfactory ruling regarding alcohol. Then this verse of Surah Al-Baqarah was revealed: {یَسْأَ لُونَکَ عَنْ الْخَمْرِ وَالْمَیْسِرِ قُلْ فِیہِمَا إِثْمٌ کَبِیرٌ} … They ask you about wine and gambling. Say, "In them is great sin." Sayyiduna Umar was called and this verse was recited to him, but he said: O my Allah! Reveal for us a clear and satisfactory ruling regarding alcohol. Then the verse from Surah An-Nisa was revealed: {یَا أَ یُّہَا الَّذِینَ آمَنُوْا لَا تَقْرَبُوا الصَّـلَاۃَ وَ أَ نْتُمْ سُکَارٰی} … O you who believe! Do not approach prayer while you are intoxicated. Then, when the Prophet’s (peace and blessings be upon him) muezzin would call the iqamah for prayer, he would announce that no intoxicated person should come near the prayer. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) was called and this verse was recited to him. But even this time, he said: O my Allah! State for us a clear and satisfactory ruling regarding alcohol. Finally, when the verse from Surah Al-Ma'idah was revealed and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) was called and this verse was recited to him, and when the reciter reached these words {فَہَلْ أَ نْتُمْ مُنْتَہُونَ}, Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) cried out: O our Lord! We have refrained, we have refrained.

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates that when this verse was revealed: {وَلَا تَقْرَبُوْا مَالَ الْیَتِیمِ إِلَّا بِالَّتِی ہِیَ أَ حْسَنُ} … "Do not go near the property of the orphan, except in a way that is best." So the people separated the property of the orphans. When they separated it, their food began to spoil and the meat started to stink. When this was mentioned to the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), this verse was revealed: {وَإِنْ تُخَالِطُوْہُمْ فَإِخْوَانُکُمْ وَاللّٰہُ یَعْلَمُ الْمُفْسِدَ مِنَ الْمُصْلِحِ} … "If you mix with them (the orphans), they are your brothers. Allah knows the corrupter from the reformer." After this command, the Companions mixed their food with them.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) that when a woman was menstruating, the Jews would neither eat with them nor live together with them in the same houses. When the noble Companions asked about this, Allah Almighty revealed this verse: {وَیَسْئَـلُوْنَکَ عَنِ الْمَحِیْضِ قُلْ ھُوَ اَذًیفَاعْتَزِلُوا النِّسَاء َ فِی الْمَحِیْضِ وَلَا تَقْرَبُوْھُنَّ حَتّٰییَـطْہُرْنَ فَاِذَا تَطَہَّرْنَ فَاْتُوْھُنَّ مِنْ حَیْثُ اَمَرَکُمُ اللّٰہُ اِنَّ اللّٰہَ یُحِبُّ التَّـوَّابِیْنَ وَیُحِبُّ الْمُتَطَہِّرِیْنَ۔} … And they ask you about menstruation. Say,“It is a harm, so keep away from women during menstruation and do not approach them until they are pure. Then when they have purified themselves, go to them from where Allah has commanded you.”Indeed, Allah loves those who are constantly repentant and loves those who purify themselves. (Surah Al-Baqarah: 222) The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:“You may do everything except intercourse.”When this reached the Jews, they said:“This man always intends to oppose us in every matter.”Sayyiduna Usayd bin Hudayr (may Allah be pleased with him) and Sayyiduna ‘Abbad bin Bishr (may Allah be pleased with him) came and said:“O Messenger of Allah! The Jews have said this in response to your command. Should we not even have intercourse in this state (so that we may oppose the Jews even more)?”Upon hearing this, the face of the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) changed; we saw that he became angry with those two Companions, and they both left in fear. Later, when a gift of milk was brought to the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), he sent for them and gave them the milk to drink. From this, they understood that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was not angry with them.

Abdur Rahman bin Sabit says: I went to Sayyidah Hafsah bint Abdur Rahman (may Allah be pleased with her) and said: I want to ask you a question, but modesty prevents me. She said: Nephew, do not be shy. I said, the issue is about intercourse with women from their back passage. She said: Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrated to me that the Ansar did not lay women face down during intercourse, because the Jews used to say that if a woman is laid face down during intercourse, a cross-eyed child is born. When the Muhajirun came to Madinah and married the women of the Ansar and wanted to have intercourse with them face down, an Ansari woman refused to comply with her husband and said: You will never be able to do this until I ask the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) about it. So she went to Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) and mentioned this matter to her. She said: Sit down, stay here until the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) arrives. When he (peace and blessings be upon him) came, the Ansari woman was too shy to ask and went outside. When Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) asked the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) about this, he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Call that Ansari woman. So when she was called, he (peace and blessings be upon him) recited this verse to her: {نِسَاؤُکُمْ حَرْثٌ لَّکُمْ فَاْتُوْا حَرْثَکُمْ اَنّٰی شِئْتُمْ} (Surah Al-Baqarah: 223) ... Your wives are your fields, so come to your fields as you wish. But only one opening should be used.

Lady Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates that when the emigrants came to Madinah, they married women from among the Ansar. Now, the issue arose that the emigrant husbands would have intercourse with their wives while they were lying on their backs, whereas the Ansar did not do so. When one emigrant wanted to have intercourse with his wife in this manner, she refused and said: "I will not allow this until I ask the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)." So she came, but she was too shy to ask about this issue. Lady Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) inquired about it from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and then this verse was revealed: {نِسَاؤُکُمْ حَرْثٌ لَّکُمْ فَاْتُوْا حَرْثَکُمْ اَنّٰی شِئْتُمْ} (Surah Al-Baqarah: 223) ... "Your wives are your fields; so come to your fields as you wish." Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do not have intercourse except in one place (which is for intercourse)."