It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas’ud (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: On the occasion of the Battle of Hudaybiyyah, we returned with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) (and camped at a place). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Who will keep watch for us tonight? Sayyiduna Abdullah said: I will. (But the Prophet [peace and blessings be upon him] said: You will fall asleep.) But when he insisted repeatedly, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Then, all right, you may do it. So I kept watch for him. When the time before dawn came, I became the embodiment of the Prophet’s (peace and blessings be upon him) words:“You will fall asleep,”and I fell asleep. When the heat of the sun struck our backs, we woke up. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) got up, performed ablution as was his habit, prayed the two Sunnah of Fajr, and then led us in the Fajr prayer. When he finished, he said: Surely, if Allah did not want you to sleep, you would not have slept, but His will was that you become an example and model for those who come after you. So, this is the ruling for the one who sleeps or forgets (the prayer). Then it happened that the camel of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and the camels of the people wandered off somewhere. So the people went out to search for them and brought back their own camels, except for the camel of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to me: You go in that direction. So, in the direction the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) indicated, I set out and saw that its halter had become entangled with a tree in such a way that it could only be untied by hand. So I brought it to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: O Messenger of Allah! By the One Who sent you as a Prophet with the truth! I found it in such a state that its halter was entangled with a tree in such a way that it could only be untied by hand. Then Surah Al-Fath {اِنَّا فَتَحْنَا لَکَ فَتْحًا مُبِیْنًا} was revealed to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him).

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Amr bin Umayyah Damri (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: We were on a journey with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) slept through the Fajr prayer and could not wake up before the sun had risen. When he woke up, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) first performed two rak‘ahs, and then established the Fajr prayer and offered it.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was on a journey, so he (peace and blessings be upon him) camped at night and slept, and woke up with the heat of the sun. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered Sayyiduna Bilal (may Allah be pleased with him), who gave the adhan, and then he (peace and blessings be upon him) performed two rak‘ahs. Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: In comparison to this concession, even the world and all that is in it could not make me happy.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: We camped with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and could not wake up before the sun had risen. When we woke up, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Every man should take hold of the head of his mount (and move from here), for Satan has come to us at this place. So we did as he instructed. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked for water and performed ablution, then offered the two Sunnah (units) before Fajr, then the prayer was established and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) led us in the Fajr prayer.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Jubair bin Mut’im (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was on a journey, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said:“Who will keep watch for us tonight, lest we sleep through the Fajr prayer?”Sayyiduna Bilal (may Allah be pleased with him) said:“I will.”So he sat facing the place where the sun rises, and sleep overcame him, and the heat of the sun woke him up. Then the people stood up and wanted to perform this prayer, so they performed ablution, then Sayyiduna Bilal (may Allah be pleased with him) gave the call to prayer (adhan), then the people performed two units of Sunnah, and then performed the Fajr prayer.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Dhu Mukhmar (may Allah be pleased with him), who was an Abyssinian man and used to serve the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), he says: We were on a journey with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). When he (peace and blessings be upon him) returned, he walked quickly, and he used to do so due to the shortage of provisions. Someone said: O Messenger of Allah! The people have lagged behind you. So he (peace and blessings be upon him) stopped, and the people also stopped with him, until all the people had gathered completely around him (peace and blessings be upon him). He (peace and blessings be upon him) said to them: Do you need that we rest a little? Or someone gave him (peace and blessings be upon him) the suggestion to do so. So he (peace and blessings be upon him) dismounted, and the people also dismounted. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Who will guard us tonight? I (Dhu Mukhmar) said: I will, may Allah sacrifice me for you. So he (peace and blessings be upon him) handed me the reins of his camel and said: Take this and do not become negligent. So I took the reins of the Messenger of Allah’s (peace and blessings be upon him) camel and my own camel, and I sat a little distance away and let them graze, while I was watching them, sleep overcame me and I lost all awareness, until I felt the heat of the sun on my face. So I woke up and looked to my right and left; the mounts were still close to me. So I took the reins of the Messenger of Allah’s (peace and blessings be upon him) camel and my own camel and went to a nearby man, woke him up and asked: Have you people performed the prayer? He said: No. Then the people began waking each other up, until the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) also woke up and said: Bilal! Do you have water for me in a vessel? They said: Yes, may Allah sacrifice me for you. So they brought the water for ablution. He (peace and blessings be upon him) performed such an ablution that even the lower soil did not become completely wet. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered Sayyiduna Bilal (may Allah be pleased with him), so he gave the call to prayer (adhan). Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) stood up and performed the two sunnah units before Fajr, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) was not hasty. Then he ordered them and they gave the iqamah. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) led the prayer, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) was not hasty. Someone said: O Prophet of Allah! We have erred. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: No, Allah Almighty withheld our souls, and when He returned them, we performed the prayer.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: On the day of the Battle of the Trench, we were prevented from offering prayer, until even after the time of Maghrib had passed, but this was before the specific command regarding fighting was revealed. In another narration, it is mentioned: This was before the command of the prayer of fear was revealed, this command is mentioned in {فَرِجَالًا أَوْ رُکْبَانًا}. So when we were relieved from fighting, as the statement of Allah Almighty is: And in this battle, Allah Himself was sufficient for the believers, Allah is All-Powerful and Dominant. In any case, on that day of the Battle of the Trench, the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered Sayyiduna Bilal (may Allah be pleased with him), he gave the iqamah for Zuhr, so the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) led that prayer just as he would lead it at its proper time, then the iqamah for Asr was given and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) led this prayer in the same way as he would lead it at its time, then the iqamah for Maghrib was given and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) led this prayer in the same way as he would lead it at its time.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) that on the day of the Battle of the Trench, the polytheists kept the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) occupied from four prayers, until a part of the night, as much as Allah willed, had passed. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered Sayyiduna Bilal (may Allah be pleased with him), so he gave the call to prayer (adhan), and then he gave the call to commence (iqamah), so the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) led the Zuhr prayer. Then he gave the iqamah and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) led the Asr prayer. Then he gave the iqamah and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) led the Maghrib prayer. And then he gave the iqamah and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) led the Isha prayer.

Sayyiduna Abu Jum'ah Habib bin Saba’ (may Allah be pleased with him), who met the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), narrates that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) led the Maghrib prayer in the year of the Battle of Ahzab. When he finished, he said:“Does anyone among you know whether I performed the Asr prayer?”The noble companions (may Allah be pleased with them) said:“O Messenger of Allah! You did not perform the prayer.”So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered the mu’adhdhin, and he gave the iqamah, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) performed the Asr prayer, and then repeated the Maghrib prayer.

It is narrated from Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) that when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was unable to perform the night prayer due to sleep overcoming him or some ailment, he (peace and blessings be upon him) would perform twelve units of prayer during the day.