It is narrated from Tariq bin Shihab, he says that a Jew came to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) and said: O Commander of the Faithful! You recite in your Book such a verse that if it had been revealed to us Jews, we would have made that day (out of respect) a festival. He (Umar) said: Which verse is that? He said: The saying of Allah Almighty that {الْیَوْمَ أَ کْمَلْتُ لَکُمْ دِینَکُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَیْکُمْ نِعْمَتِی} … "Today I have completed your religion for you and perfected My favor upon you." Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: By Allah! I know the day on which this verse was revealed to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and even the hour in which it was revealed; it was the day of Friday and the evening of Arafah.

It is narrated from Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) that she borrowed a necklace from Sayyida Asma (may Allah be pleased with her), but it was lost. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent some people to search for it, and they found it, but the time for prayer came upon them while they had no water with them. So they performed the prayer without ablution and complained to the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) about this. Then Allah Almighty revealed the concession of tayammum. Sayyiduna Usayd bin Hudayr (may Allah be pleased with him) said to Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her): May Allah reward you with goodness. Whenever any such matter arises with you which you dislike, Allah Almighty makes it a source of goodness and benefit for you and for the Muslims.

(Second chain) It is also narrated from Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) that we were on a journey with the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). When we reached a place called Baida or Dhat al-Jaish, my necklace was lost. The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) stayed to search for it, and the people also stayed. They were neither near water nor did they have any water with them. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) came while the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was resting his blessed head on my thigh and sleeping. Abu Bakr said, "You have held up the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and the people as well; they are neither near water nor do they have any water." She said, "Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) scolded me a lot and said whatever he wished, and began to poke me in my side. What prevented me from moving was that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had his head on my thigh." The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) stood up, and until morning the people had no water. Then Allah Almighty revealed the verse of tayammum. The people performed tayammum. Sayyiduna Usayd bin Hudayr (may Allah be pleased with him) said, "O family of Abu Bakr! This is not your first blessing; you have always been a source of blessing." Later, we raised the camel on which I was, and the necklace was found underneath it.

Narrated by Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) that some people from the tribes of ‘Ukil and ‘Uraina accepted Islam and came to the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him). They informed him that they were people who kept livestock, not farmers, and they also complained about the fever of Madinah. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered for them some camels and told them to go outside Madinah and drink the urine and milk of the camels. So it happened, and they went to one side of Harrah outside Madinah. But after accepting Islam, they reverted to disbelief, killed the shepherd of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and drove away the camels. When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) learned of this, he sent people in pursuit of them, who captured and brought them back. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had their eyes gouged out, their hands and feet cut off, and they were thrown on one side of Harrah. They were biting stones with their mouths and died in that state. Qatadah says: It has reached us that this verse was revealed about these people: { اِنَّمَا جَزٰٓؤُا الَّذِیْنَ یُحَارِبُوْنَ اللّٰہَ وَ رَسُوْلَہٗ وَیَسْعَوْنَ فِی الْاَرْضِ فَسَادًا اَنْ یُّقَتَّلُوْٓا اَوْ یُصَلَّبُوْٓا اَوْ تُقَطَّعَ اَیْدِیْہِمْ وَاَرْجُلُھُمْ مِّنْ خِلَافٍ اَوْ یُنْفَوْا مِنَ الْاَرْضِ ذٰلِکَ لَھُمْ خِزْی’‘ فِی الدُّنْیَا وَلَھُمْ فِی الْاٰخِرَۃِ عَذَاب’‘ عَظِیْم’‘} …“The punishment of those who wage war against Allah and His Messenger and strive to spread corruption in the land is only that they be killed or crucified or that their hands and feet be cut off from opposite sides, or that they be exiled from the land. That is their disgrace in this world, and for them in the Hereafter is a great punishment.”(Surah Al-Ma’idah: 33)

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Bara’ bin Azib (may Allah be pleased with him) that a Jew was brought past the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), whose face had been blackened and who had been flogged. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) called them and said:“Do you find this as the punishment for adultery in your Book?”They said:“Yes.”The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) called one of their scholars and said to him:“I ask you by Allah, Who revealed the Torah to Musa (peace be upon him), do you find this as the punishment for adultery in your Book?”He said:“By Allah, no! And if you had not asked me by this, I would not have told you. In our Book, the punishment for adultery is stoning, but when adultery became common among our upper class, if we caught someone of high status, we would let him go, and if we caught someone weak, we would carry out this punishment on him. Then we held a meeting and passed a law that we should prescribe a punishment that we could enforce on both the high and the low, so we agreed on flogging and blackening the face.”The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:“O Allah! I am Your servant who has revived Your command first, while the Jews have abandoned it.”Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered, and he was stoned. Allah Almighty revealed this verse: {یٰٓاَیُّھَا الرَّسُوْلُ لَا یَحْزُنْکَ الَّذِیْنَیُسَارِعُوْنَ فِی الْکُفْرِ مِنَ الَّذِیْنَ قَالُوْٓا اٰمَنَّا بِاَفْوَاہِہِمْ وَلَمْ تُؤْمِنْ قُلُوْبُہُمْ وَمِنَ الَّذِیْنَ ہَادُوْا سَمّٰعُوْنَ لِلْکَذِبِ سَمّٰعُوْنَ لِقَوْمٍ اٰخَرِیْنَ لَمْ یَاْتُوْکَیُحَرِّفُوْنَ الْکَلِمَ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَوَاضِعِہٖیَقُوْلُوْنَ اِنْ اُوْتِیْتُمْ ہٰذَا فَخُذُوْہُ وَاِنْ لَّمْ تُؤْتَوْہُ فَاحْذَرُوْا۔} … O Messenger! Let not those grieve you who hasten into disbelief, of those who say with their mouths, ‘We believe,’ but their hearts do not believe, and of those who are Jews. They are listeners to falsehood, listening for another people who have not come to you. They distort words from their places. They say, ‘If you are given this, take it, but if you are not given it, beware.’ These Jews say among themselves: Go to Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), if he gives you the verdict that the adulterer’s face should be blackened and he should be flogged, then accept it, but if he gives the verdict of stoning, then beware. Until Allah Almighty’s statement: {وَمَنْ لَمْ یَحْکُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللّٰہُ فَأُولَئِکَ ہُمُ الْکَافِرُوْنَ} This is about the Jews, and {وَمَنْ لَمْ یَحْکُمْ بِمَا أَ نْزَلَ اللّٰہُ فَأُولَئِکَ ہُمُ الظَّالِمُوْنَ} and {وَمَنْ لَمْ یَحْکُمْ بِمَا أَ نْزَلَ اللّٰہُ فَأُولَئِکَ ہُمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ} these two verses are about the disbelievers.

Narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, he says: Allah Almighty said: {فَإِنْ جَائُ وْکَ فَاحْکُمْ بَیْنَہُمْ أَ وْ أَ عْرِضْ عَنْہُمْ، وَإِنْ تُعْرِضْ عَنْہُمْ فَلَنْ یَضُرُّوکَ شَیْئًا، وَإِنْ حَکَمْتَ فَاحْکُمْ بَیْنَہُمْ بِالْقِسْطِ، إِنَّ اللّٰہَیُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِینَ} … Then if they come to you, judge between them or turn away from them; and if you turn away from them, they will not harm you at all. But if you judge, judge between them with justice. Indeed, Allah loves those who act justly. The detail is that when Banu Nadir killed a slave of Banu Qurayza, they would pay half the blood money, and when Banu Qurayza killed someone from Banu Nadir, they would pay the full blood money. The Noble Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, made them equal in the matter of blood money.

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) says: Allah Almighty revealed these verses: "And those who do not judge by what Allah has revealed, they are disbelievers," and, "they are wrongdoers," and, "they are transgressors." They said: Allah Almighty revealed these verses about two groups of Jews. One of them had overpowered the other during the time of ignorance, until they agreed and made peace on the condition that if a man from the noble tribe killed a man from the lowly tribe, the blood money would be fifty wasq, and if the lowly tribe killed a man from the noble tribe, the blood money would be one hundred (100) wasq. They remained on this agreement until the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came to Madinah. With his arrival, both tribes lost their status, although he had not yet prevailed over them, nor had he agreed with them, and it was still a time of peace and reconciliation with them. Meanwhile, the lowly tribe killed a man from the noble tribe. The noble tribe sent a message to the lowly tribe: "Pay one hundred wasq." The lowly tribe said: "Can it be that among tribes whose religion is one, lineage is one, and city is one, the blood money of one is half that of the other? We used to pay you (one hundred wasq) because of your oppression and tyranny, but now that Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) has come, we will not pay you." The flames of war were about to ignite between them when they agreed to accept the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) as the arbitrator. The heirs of the noble tribe said among themselves: "By Allah! Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) will not judge in your favor for double. The lowly tribe is right, for they used to pay us double because of our oppression and tyranny. Now, send someone as a spy to Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) who can inform you of his decision. If he decides according to your wishes, then accept him as the judge, and if not, then be cautious and do not accept him as the arbitrator." So they sent some hypocrites as spies to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). When they reached the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), Allah Almighty informed His Messenger of all their plots and intentions, and revealed these verses: "O Messenger! Do not grieve over those who hasten into disbelief, whether they are among those who say with their mouths, 'We believe,' but their hearts do not believe..." and, "Those who do not judge by what Allah has revealed, they are disbelievers." (Surah Al-Ma'idah: 41-44) Then he said: "By Allah! These verses were revealed about these two (groups), and Allah Almighty meant these people."

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Noble Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, recited this verse: {وَکَتَبْنَا عَلَیْہِمْ فِیْہَا اَنَّ النَّفْسَ بِالنَّفْسِ وَالْعَیْنُ بِالْعَیْنِ} [المائدۃ: ۴۵] … We ordained for them: a life for a life, and an eye for an eye in retribution. He pronounced a zabar (fatḥa) on "nafs" and a pesh (ḍamma) on "al-‘ayn".

Narrated from Sayyiduna Sa’d bin Abi Waqqas (may Allah be pleased with him) that an Ansari man prepared food and invited his companions. They ate the food and drank wine and became intoxicated. This was before wine was made unlawful. We were also gathered with them. They began to boast among themselves. The Ansar said: The Ansar are better. The Muhajirun said: The Muhajirun are better. One man picked up the jawbone of a camel and struck Sayyiduna Sa’d (may Allah be pleased with him) on the nose, splitting his nose. Thus, his nose was split. Then these verses were revealed: {یٰٓاَیُّھَاالَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْٓا اِنَّمَا الْخَمْرُ وَالْمَیْسِرُ وَالْاَنْصَابُ وَالْاَزْلَامُ رِجْسٌ مِّنْ عَمَلِ الشَّیْطٰنِ فَاجْتَنِبُوْہُ لَعَلَّکُمْ تُفْلِحُوْنَ۔ اِنَّمَا یُرِیْدُ الشَّیْطٰنُ اَنْ یُّوْقِعَ بَیْنَکُمُ الْعَدَاوَۃَ وَالْبَغْضَاء َ فِی الْخَمْرِ وَالْمَیْسِرِ وَیَصُدَّکُمْ عَنْ ذِکْرِ اللّٰہِ وَعَنِ الصَّلٰوۃِ فَہَلْ اَنْتُمْ مُّنْتَہُوْنَ۔} … O you who have believed! Indeed, intoxicants, gambling, [sacrificing on] stone altars [to other than Allah] , and divining arrows are but defilement from the work of Satan, so avoid it that you may be successful. Satan only wants to cause between you animosity and hatred through intoxicants and gambling and to avert you from the remembrance of Allah and from prayer. So will you not desist?

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that when the prohibition of alcohol was revealed, the people said: O Messenger of Allah! What will become of our brothers who died while they used to drink alcohol? Then this verse was revealed: {لَیْسَ عَلَی الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْا وَعَمِلُوا الصّٰلِحٰتِ جُنَاحٌ فِیْمَا طَعِمُوْٓا اِذَا مَا اتَّقَوْا وَّاٰمَنُوْا وَعَمِلُوا الصّٰلِحٰتِ ثُمَّ اتَّقَوْا وَّاٰمَنُوْا ثُمَّ اتَّقَوْا وَّاَحْسَنُوْا وَاللّٰہُ یُحِبُّ الْمُحْسِنِیْنَ۔} … There is no sin upon those who believe and do righteous deeds for what they have consumed, when they are mindful (of Allah) and believe and do righteous deeds, then they are mindful and believe, then they are mindful and do good, and Allah loves the doers of good. (Surah Al-Ma'idah: 93) In another narration it is mentioned: Someone said: Sayyiduna Suhail bin Bayda (may Allah be pleased with him) was martyred while there was alcohol in his stomach (i.e., he used to drink at that time), so Allah the Exalted revealed this command: {لَیْسَ عَلَی الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْا وَعَمِلُوا الصّٰلِحٰتِ جُنَاحٌ فِیْمَا طَعِمُوْٓا}.