Lady Aisha Siddiqa (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates: A child passed away. I said: How fortunate he is, who is a bird of Paradise. So the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) said:

"Do you not know that indeed Allah Almighty has created Paradise, and He has created Hell, and He has created inhabitants for this (Paradise) and inhabitants for this (Hell) as well."

(Imam Ibn Hibban, may Allah have mercy on him, says:) By this statement, the intention of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) is: No one who dies in the state of Islam should be declared pure (i.e., should not be definitively declared as a person of Paradise), even if that person is known for righteousness and abstaining from evil, because people are more eager for good and more fearful of their Lord. This does not mean: There is a fear that the young children of Muslims who die will go to Hell. This is a lengthy issue, which we have dictated in the relevant chapters, and the reconciliation between these narrations is in the book "Fusool al-Sunan." If Allah wills, after this book, we will dictate it in our (other) book "Al-Jam‘ bayn al-Akhbar wa Nafiy al-Tadad ‘an al-Athar," if Allah Almighty wills and makes it easy for us.

Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: When this verse was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him): "To Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth. Whether you disclose what is in your hearts or conceal it, Allah will call you to account for it. Then He will forgive whom He wills and punish whom He wills, and Allah has power over all things."

(The narrator says) The people came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), they knelt down on their knees and said: We do not have the strength for this. We do not have the ability for this. We have been made responsible for something for which we have neither the strength nor the ability. Then Allah the Exalted revealed this verse: "The Messenger has believed in what was revealed to him from his Lord, and so have the believers." This verse continues up to: "They seek Your forgiveness, our Lord, and to You is the return." Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do not say as the People of the Book before you said: 'We have heard and we disobey,' but rather say: 'We have heard and we obey. Your forgiveness, our Lord, and to You is the return.'" Then Allah the Exalted revealed this verse: "Allah does not burden a soul beyond its capacity. It will have [the consequence of] what [good] it has gained, and it will bear [the consequence of] what [evil] it has earned. Our Lord, do not take us to task if we forget or make a mistake." The Lord said: Yes! (They will supplicate:) "Our Lord, do not lay upon us a burden like that which You laid upon those before us. Our Lord, do not burden us with that which we have no ability to bear. Pardon us, forgive us, and have mercy on us. You are our Protector, so help us against the disbelieving people." Then the Lord will say: Yes! (That is, I will do so.)

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) regarding the statement of Allah Almighty: "There is no compulsion in religion," narrates: (It was customary before) that if a woman from the Ansar had a child who did not survive, she would vow that if her child survived, she would make him a Jew. When Banu Nadir were exiled, among them were some people who were the children of the Ansar. The Ansar said: O Messenger of Allah! What will happen to these children of ours? So Allah Almighty revealed this verse: "There is no compulsion in religion." Saeed bin Jubair narrates, whichever child wished, joined those Jews, and whichever wished, entered Islam.

Sayyida Aisha Siddiqa (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates: One day in the month of Ramadan, the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came out (i.e., to the mosque). He performed the (Tarawih) prayer, and some people, following his prayer, performed the prayer behind him. The next morning, people discussed this, so (the next day) the number of people increased. The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came out the second day as well, and people performed the prayer following his lead. The next day, people discussed this, so on the third night, many people gathered in the mosque. The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came out. People performed the prayer following his lead. When the fourth night came, the entire mosque was filled. That day, the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did not come out; he came to the people to perform the Fajr prayer. When the Fajr prayer was completed, he turned towards the people. He recited the testimony of faith and then said: "To proceed! Your gathering here was not hidden from me, but I feared that it would be made obligatory upon you and you would not be able to perform it." (Sayyida Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, narrates:) The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) used to encourage people to perform voluntary prayers in the month of Ramadan, however, he did not give them any formal command regarding this. He used to say to others: "Whoever, in a state of faith and hoping for reward, performs voluntary prayers in Ramadan, his previous sins will be forgiven." Then, when the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) departed from this world, this matter remained as it was. Then, during the caliphate of Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), this matter remained as it was, and in the early period of Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) as well. (That is, after this, people began to perform the Tarawih prayer in congregation.)

Sayyidah Aisha Siddiqa (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates: The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The pen has been lifted from three people: from the sleeping person until he wakes up, from the minor child until he reaches puberty, and from the insane person until he regains sanity."

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) passed by a mad woman belonging to Banu Fulan, who had committed adultery, and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) had ordered her to be stoned. Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) sent the woman back, then he asked Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him): O Commander of the Faithful! Do you intend to stone her? Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) replied: Yes! So Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Do you not remember that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:“The pen has been lifted from three people: the insane person whose mind is overcome, the sleeping person until he wakes up, and (the minor child) until he reaches puberty.”So Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: You have spoken the truth, and then Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) let the woman go.

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) returned from Makkah, and when he reached the place of "Rauha," some riders came before him. The Prophet (peace be upon him) greeted them with salam and asked: Who are you people? They replied: We are Muslims. Who are you people? The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: (I am) the Messenger of Allah. Then a woman among them quickly stood up and raised her child from her saddle, holding the child by the arm. She said: O Messenger of Allah! (Has this child) performed Hajj? The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: Yes! And you will also have the reward (for it). The narrator named Ibrahim says: I narrated this tradition to Ibn al-Munkadir, so he performed Hajj with all his family members.

Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: A man said, "O Messenger of Allah! Thoughts come to our minds that we do not like to express, even if we were to be given the whole world in exchange for them." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, "Do you really experience this?" The people replied, "Yes!" The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, "This is clear faith."

Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah, may Allah be pleased with him, narrates: The people said, "O Messenger of Allah! Thoughts come to our minds, and for any one of us, it would be more beloved to him to be turned to ashes than to speak of such a thought." So the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "This is nothing but faith."

(Imam Ibn Hibban, may Allah have mercy on him, says:) When a Muslim finds such a thing in his heart or such a thought comes to his mind about which it is not permissible for him to speak, which is a state coming from Allah Almighty, or something similar to it, and then, with true faith, he rejects it from his heart and refrains from being firm upon any of these things, then his rejection of this whisper is a part of faith; rather, it is clear faith. (From the words of the hadith) it is not meant that the coming of such thoughts is a part of faith.

Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: A man came to the service of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and said: "One of us feels something (i.e., a whisper) in his mind, and for him to be turned to ashes would be more beloved than for him to speak about that whisper." So the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said: "Allahu Akbar! All praise is due to Allah, who has turned this matter back to a mere whisper."