Ibn ‘Abbas reported God’s Messenger as saying“Two qiblas in one land are not right, and no jizya is to be levied on a Muslim.”Ahmad, Tirmidhi and Abu Dawud transmitted it.

Anas told that God’s Messenger sent Khalid b. al-Walid to Ukaidir of Duma,* and when they seized him and brought him he spared his life and made peace with him on condition that he should pay jizya. *Duma was a fortress-near Tabuk. Ukaidir was a Christian. The incident took place in the year 9 A.H during the expedition to Tabuk. Abu Dawud transmitted it.

Harb b. ‘Ubaidallah told on the authority of his grandfather, his mother’s father, that he had it on the authority of his father that God’s Messenger said,“Tithes are to be levied on Jews and Christians, but are not to be levied on Muslims.”Ahmad and Abu Dawud transmitted it.

‘Uqba b. 'Amir told that he said,“Messenger of God, we come to people who do not give us hospitality, or pay what is due to us from them, and we take nothing from them.” He replied,“If they make it necessary for you to take it by force, do so.”Tirmidhi transmitted it.

Aslam told that ‘Umar b. al-Khattab imposed as jizya four dinars on those who possessed gold and forty dirhams on those who possessed silver along with provisions for the Muslims and three days’ hospitality. Malik transmitted it.

Al-Miswar b. Makhrama and Marwan b. al-Hakam told that the Prophet went out in the year of al-Hudaibiya with over ten hundreds of his companions, and when he came to Dhul Hulaifa he garlanded and marked the votive animals, entered the sacred state for an ‘umra, and then moved on. When he came to the mountain pass by which one descends to Mecca his riding-beasts knelt down and the people said,“Go on, go on! Al-Qaswa’ has become jaded.”But the Prophet said,“Al- Qaswa’ has not become jaded, for that is not a characteristic of hers, but He who restrained the elephant1 has restrained her.”Then he said,“By Him in whose hand my soul is, they will not ask me any good thing by which they honour what God has made sacred without my giving them it.”He then urged her and she leaped up and he turned aside from the road to Mecca and stopped at the farthest point of al-Hudaibiya at a pool with little water which the people collected in small quantities and soon exhausted. Complaint of thirst was made to God’s Messenger, so he drew an arrow from his quiver and ordered them to put it in it, whereupon to their astonishment it kept gushing out to them with water till they left it. Meanwhile Budail b. Warqa’ al Khuza’i came with some members of Khuza’a and ‘Urwa b. Mas'ud joined him. He went on with the tradition2 to the point where he said that when Suhail b. ‘Amr came the Prophet said,“Write:This is what Muhammad God's Messenger has decided.”Suhail protested,“I swear by God that if we knew you were God’s Messenger we would not turn you away from the House or fight with you; but write: Muhammad b. ‘Abdallah.”The Prophet replied,“I swear by God that I am God’s Messenger even if you disbelieve me; write Muhammad b. ‘Abdallah.”Suhail said,“And that a man will not come to you from us, even if he follows your religion, without your sending him back to us." Then when he finished drawing up the document God’s Messenger said to his companions, "Get up and sacrifice, and then shave.”Thereafter some believing women came and God most high sent down, "O you who believe, when believing women come to you as emigrants…”3 God most high forbade them to send them back, but ordered them to restore the dower. When the Prophet returned to Medina Abu Basir, a man of Quraish who was a Muslim, came to him and they sent two men to look for him, so he handed him over to the two men. They took him away, and when they reached Dhul Hulaifa and alighted to eat some dates which they had Abu Basir said to one of the men, "I swear by God, so and so, that I think this sword of yours is a fine one; let me look at it.”He let him have it and he struck him till he died, whereupon the other fled from him and when he reached Medina went running into the mosque. The Prophet said,“This man has seen something frightful.”He said,“I swear by God that my companion has been killed, and I am as good as dead.”4 Abu Basir arrived and the Prophet said, "Woe to his mother, stirrer up of war! Would that he had some kinsfolk!”5 When he heard that he knew that he would send him back to them, so he went out and came to the seashore. Abu Jandal b. Suhail escaped and joined Abu Basir, and it became the practice that every man of Quraish who went out having accepted Islam joined Abu Basir, till a band of them collected. Whenever they heard of a caravan which belonged to Quraish going out to Syria they intercepted it, killed the men and seized their goods; so Quraish sent a message to the Prophet adjuring him by God and the ties of relationship to send instructions to them to stop, and agreeing that anyone who came to him would be safe. So the Prophet sent them instructions. 1. Cf. Al-Qur'an; 105. 2. This indicates that a part of Bukhari’s tradition is omitted here. 3. Al-Qur'an; 60:10. 4. Literally“and I am killed." 5. Literally“would that he had someone!”It probably means that the Prophet wished Abu Basir had had some kinsfolk to whom he could go, and so save him the necessity of returning him to Mecca. 6. Bukhari's tradition is very long. In the version given here it is much reduced, the purpose evidently being to give the essential parts of it without including every detail. Bukhari transmitted it.6

Al-Bara’ b. ‘Azib said the Prophet made agreement with the polytheists on the day of al-Hudaibiya regarding three matters:that he should return to the polytheists anyone who came to him from them, but they should not return any of the Muslims who came to them; that he should enter Mecca the following year and stay in it three days; and that he should enter it only with such weapons as swords and bows in cases. Then Abu Jandal came hobbling in his fetters and he sent him back to them. (Bukhari and Muslim.)

Anas told that Quraish made an agreement with the Prophet laying down the condition that if anyone came to them from him they should not send him back, but that if anyone came to him from them he should send him back. They asked God’s Messenger whether they should write that down and he replied,“Yes; may God remove far from His mercy anyone who goes from us to them, but God will make an escape and a way out for anyone who comes to us from them.”Muslim transmitted it.

‘A’isha said regarding the oath of allegiance taken from women that God’s Messenger used to test them with this verse,“O Prophet, when believing women come to you to swear allegiance to you...”(Al-Qur’an; 60:12). When one of them acknowledged this condition he said to her,“I have made a covenant with you,”doing this only by words which he spoke to her. His hand never touched a woman’s hand when an oath of allegiance was taken. (Bukhari and Muslim.)

Al-Miswar and Marwan said they agreed to abandon war for ten years during which the people would have security, on the basis that there should be sincerity between them and that there should be no theft or treachery. Abu Dawud transmitted it.